ketones and alcohols Flashcards
what are some common aldehyde and ketones
formaldehyde
acetaldehyde
acetone
what is the chemical formula of formaldehyde
HCH=O
what is the chemical formula of acetaldehyde
CH3CH=0
what is the chemical formula of acetone
(CH3)2C=0
what is the simplest aldehyde
formaldehyde
what are the 2 methods of synthesis of aldehydes and ketones
oxidation of alcohols
friedel-crafts acylation of an aromatic ring
product of pri alcohols in oxidation of alcohols
aldehyde —–> carboxylic acid
product of sec alcohols in oxidation of alcohols
ketones
what is the reagent used in oxidations of alcohol
PCC
product of friedel-crafts acylation of an aromatic ring
aromatic ketones
what is aromatic compound
containing a carbonyl group(C=O) bonded with two aromatic alkyl groups
the carbonyl group is ____ hybridized
sp2
the carbon in carbonyl group is ____
electron poor
the oxygen in carbonyl group is ____
electron rich
the bond angle of the carbonyl group is
120
is the carbonyl group resonance
yes
why is the carbonyl group resonance
due to the double bond
the carbonyl group is soluble in _____
organic solvent
the carbonyl group with 6Cs or less is _____in water
soluble
which is more reactive, ketones or aldehydes
aldehydes
which is more polarized, ketones or aldehydes
aldehydes
in the nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group, it catalyze the addition of weak nucleophiles
acid
in the addition of alcohols: hemiacetals and acetals,
what is a nucleophile
in the addition of alcohols: hemiacetals and acetals,
ROH is a week N, thus need ___ which is _____
what is the reagent in the addition of alcohols: hemiacetals and acetals,
is the addition of alcohols: hemiacetals and acetals, a reversible reaction
in the addition of alcohols: hemiacetals and acetals,
acetals can be converted back to aldehydes/ ketones/ alcohols by _____
what is the product of the addition of water; hydration of aldehydes and ketones
list the stability of the carbonyl compound according in increasing order
what is the products of the addition of Grignard reagents and acetylides
alcohols -depend on the substrate
pri alcohols: formaldehyde
sec alcohols: other aldehyde
tertiary alcohols: ketones
what are the reagents used in addition of Grignard reagents and acetylides
organometallic reagents
acetylide reagents
what is the reagent used in addition of hydrogen cyanide
HCN
what is the product of addition of hydrogen cyanide
OH and CN attached to the same C (cyanohydrin)
what is the product of addition of nitrogen Nu
what is the reduction of carbonyl compounds
metal hydrides:
LiAH4
NaBH4
oxidation of alcohols of carbonyl group:
it is easily oxidized
oxidation of alcohols of carbonyl group:
what are the oxidizing agents
what test can easily oxidize aldehydes
for keto-enol tautomerism possible, there needs to be an ____
what are the solvents for deuterium exchange in carbonyl compounds
the adol condensation is the combination of 2 _____
