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2023 SEM 1 INORG & ORG CHEM > ketones and alcohols > Flashcards

ketones and alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

what are some common aldehyde and ketones

A

formaldehyde
acetaldehyde
acetone

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2
Q

what is the chemical formula of formaldehyde

A

HCH=O

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3
Q

what is the chemical formula of acetaldehyde

A

CH3CH=0

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4
Q

what is the chemical formula of acetone

A

(CH3)2C=0

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5
Q

what is the simplest aldehyde

A

formaldehyde

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6
Q

what are the 2 methods of synthesis of aldehydes and ketones

A

oxidation of alcohols
friedel-crafts acylation of an aromatic ring

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7
Q

product of pri alcohols in oxidation of alcohols

A

aldehyde —–> carboxylic acid

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8
Q

product of sec alcohols in oxidation of alcohols

A

ketones

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9
Q

what is the reagent used in oxidations of alcohol

A

PCC

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10
Q

product of friedel-crafts acylation of an aromatic ring

A

aromatic ketones

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11
Q

what is aromatic compound

A

containing a carbonyl group(C=O) bonded with two aromatic alkyl groups

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12
Q

the carbonyl group is ____ hybridized

A

sp2

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13
Q

the carbon in carbonyl group is ____

A

electron poor

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14
Q

the oxygen in carbonyl group is ____

A

electron rich

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15
Q

the bond angle of the carbonyl group is

A

120

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16
Q

is the carbonyl group resonance

A

yes

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17
Q

why is the carbonyl group resonance

A

due to the double bond

18
Q

the carbonyl group is soluble in _____

A

organic solvent

19
Q

the carbonyl group with 6Cs or less is _____in water

A

soluble

20
Q

which is more reactive, ketones or aldehydes

A

aldehydes

21
Q

which is more polarized, ketones or aldehydes

A

aldehydes

22
Q

in the nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group, it catalyze the addition of weak nucleophiles

A

acid

23
Q

in the addition of alcohols: hemiacetals and acetals,
what is a nucleophile

A
24
Q

in the addition of alcohols: hemiacetals and acetals,
ROH is a week N, thus need ___ which is _____

A
25
Q

what is the reagent in the addition of alcohols: hemiacetals and acetals,

A
26
Q

is the addition of alcohols: hemiacetals and acetals, a reversible reaction

A
27
Q

in the addition of alcohols: hemiacetals and acetals,
acetals can be converted back to aldehydes/ ketones/ alcohols by _____

A
28
Q

what is the product of the addition of water; hydration of aldehydes and ketones

A
29
Q

list the stability of the carbonyl compound according in increasing order

A
30
Q

what is the products of the addition of Grignard reagents and acetylides

A

alcohols -depend on the substrate
pri alcohols: formaldehyde
sec alcohols: other aldehyde
tertiary alcohols: ketones

31
Q

what are the reagents used in addition of Grignard reagents and acetylides

A

organometallic reagents
acetylide reagents

32
Q

what is the reagent used in addition of hydrogen cyanide

A

HCN

33
Q

what is the product of addition of hydrogen cyanide

A

OH and CN attached to the same C (cyanohydrin)

34
Q

what is the product of addition of nitrogen Nu

A
35
Q

what is the reduction of carbonyl compounds

A

metal hydrides:
LiAH4
NaBH4

36
Q

oxidation of alcohols of carbonyl group:
it is easily oxidized

A
37
Q

oxidation of alcohols of carbonyl group:
what are the oxidizing agents

A
38
Q

what test can easily oxidize aldehydes

A
39
Q

for keto-enol tautomerism possible, there needs to be an ____

A
40
Q

what are the solvents for deuterium exchange in carbonyl compounds

A
41
Q

the adol condensation is the combination of 2 _____

A

2023 SEM 1 INORG & ORG CHEM (22 decks)

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