expt 1&2 post lab discussion Flashcards
what is solubility
it is the amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent
the solubility of a compound depends on the strength of the…
interactions between the compound and the solvent
what compounds are most soluble in water
ionic
what kind of compounds that can form a hydrogen bond with water
water soluble compounds
water solubility for neutral molecules occurs only with
small polar molecules or
those with many O or N atoms that can hydrogen bond to water
what compounds are soluble in nonpolar solvents
nonpolar compounds
water soluble compounds can form hydrogen bonds with…
water
an increase in molecular weight leads to an
increase in intermolecular forces in a solid
thus decreasing solubility
which is more soluble:
corresponding straight chain compound or
compounds having a branched chain
compounds having a branched chain
branching reduces the size or volume allowing the solvent to…
dissolve easily
a compound’s solubility can be used as …
a preliminary test
a compound’s solubility can be used as a preliminary test for…
determining the identity of an organic compound
common solvents used in solubility tests
distilled water
5 percent NaOH
5 percent NaHCO3
5 percent HCI
cold concentrated H2SO4
diethyl ether
what are saturated hydrocarbons
carbon - carbon single bond
what are unsaturated hydrocarbons
carbon-carbon doublebonds
what are the 2 unsaturated hydrocarbons
alkynes
alkenes
samples used in the experiment to find the reactions of hydrocarbons and alkyl halides
hexane
cyclohexane
toluene
tert-butyl chloride
what color is the bromine water
orange-red or
red-brown
what test must be done under the fume
bromine test
why do we have to test bromine test under the fume hood
toxic and corrosive
harmful if inhaled
causer respiratory tract irritation and possible hurts
may cause digestive tracts irritation (with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea)
bromine test, test for
unsaturated hydrocarbons
what is the positive result of bromine test
disappearance of orange-red color in solution and
decolorized bromine water
baeyer’s test oxidation reaction test for
unsaturated hydrocarbons
positive results of baeyer’s test oxidation reaction test
disappearance of purple color in solution and formation of brown precipitate
ethanolic silver nitrate test for
2 degree and 3 degree of alkyl halides
what is the positive result of ethanolic silver nitrate test
white for silver chloride, pale yellow for silver bromide, and yellow for silver iodide
what is the reagents used for ethanolic silver nitrate test
0.1 M silver nitrate in ethanol
what is the reagents used for baeyer’s test
alkaline KMnO4
purple-colored solution
strong oxidizing reagent
s1 compounds
arylsulfonic compounds
s2 compounds
amine hydrochlorides
salts of organic compounds
amino acids
strong organic compounds
a1 compounds
weak organic compound
a2 compounds
what compounds have carboxylic acids with more than 6 carbons
a1
which compound has nitrogen compounds with hydrogens
a2
miscellaneous neutral compounds containing nitrogen or sulfur and having more than 5 carbon atoms
M compounds
B compounds
aliphatic amines with eight or more carbons
anilines
monofunctional alcohols, aldehydes, ketone, ester with more than 5 but fewer than 9 carbons
N compounds
saturated compounds, haloalkanes, aryl halides, deactivated aromatic compounds, diaryl ethers
I compounds
examples of s1
acetone
ethanol
examples of s2
sucrose
examples of a1
benzoic acid
examples of a2
phenol
examples of B
aniline
examples of M
benzamide
examples of N
benzaldehyde
benzyl alcohol
examples of I
tert butyl alcohol
toluene
hexane
