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2023 SEM 1 INORG & ORG CHEM > aromatic compounds > Flashcards

aromatic compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

benzene undergoes mainly

A

substitution

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2
Q

what is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon

A

benzene

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3
Q

what is the molecular formula of benzene

A

C6H6

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4
Q

in the kekule structure, do the single and double bond alternate around the ring

A

yes

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5
Q

what is a highly unsaturated molecule

A

benzene

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6
Q

what is the positive test for unsaturated benzene

A

if the orange red colour of bromine disappears/ decolorizes

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7
Q

what cant take place when the single and double bonds exchange position around the ring of the kekule structure

A

the reactions of alkanes cant take place

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8
Q

do the rings move slowly or rapidly around the single and double bonds exchange position around the ring of the kekule structure

A

rapidly

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9
Q

what is more stable than either of its contributing kekule structure

A

benzene

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10
Q

in the orbital model for benzene, each carbon atom is what hybridized

A

sp2

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11
Q

what is the angle of the orbital model for benzene
H-C-C
C-C-C

A

120 degree

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12
Q

in the delocalized pi cloud of benzene, what do the circle emphasize

A

it emphasize that the electrons are distributed evenly around the ring

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13
Q

the kekule structure is what kind of form

A

resonance form

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14
Q

the benzene ring is what kind of form

A

simplified depiction

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15
Q

is the double bonds in benzene are in fixed positions and why

A

no because the electrons are distributed evenly around the ring

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16
Q

what is ‘o’

A

ortho

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17
Q

what is ‘m’

A

meta

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18
Q

what is ‘p’

A

para

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19
Q

‘o’ is on what carbon

A

2&6

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20
Q

‘m’ is on what carbon

A

3&5

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21
Q

‘p’ is on what carbon

A

4

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22
Q

how to name benzene (from my understanding)

A

prefix + substituent + benzene

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23
Q

what is classified as arenes

A

aromatic compounds

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24
Q

aromatic carbons is classified as

A

arenes

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25
Q

Ar

A

aryl group

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26
Q

R

A

alkyl group

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27
Q

what is the removal of hydrogen from aromatic ring

A

aryl group

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28
Q

what is the removal of one hydrogen from an alkane chain (from an alkane substituent)

A

alkyl group

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29
Q

define arly group

A

the removal of hydrogen from aromatic ring

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30
Q

define alkyl group

A

the removal of one hydrogen from an alkane chain (from an alkane substituent)

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31
Q

what are the 2 aromatic compounds

A

phenyl group
benzyl group

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32
Q

what is formed by removing one H from benzene

A

phenyl group

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33
Q

what is the molecular formula of phenyl group

A

C6H5

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34
Q

what is the molecular formula of benzyl group

A

C6H5CH2

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35
Q

benzene undergoes substitution reaction but it reacts slowly with

A

Br2

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36
Q

which structure has a cyclic planar

A

benzene

37
Q

what is the C-C bond length of benzene

A

1.39 A

38
Q

benzene is intermediate to

A

c-c & c=c

39
Q

what is the extra stability associated with aromatic compound

A

aromaticity

40
Q

what are the requirements to know that it is an aromatic compound

A

cyclic
planar
fully conjugated
contain 4n+2pi electrons

41
Q

in benzene, are all C-C bonds the same

A

yes they are resonance

42
Q

in benzene, what bonds are in equal length

A

C-C

43
Q

what is the measure of the extra stability of the cyclic conjugated system compared to corresponding no. of isolated double bonds

A

resonance energy

44
Q

what are the 2 effects of the large resonance stabilization energy

A

stabilization energy lost when an electrophile adds to the ring
stabilization energy regained when an electrophile adds to the ring intermediate carbocation loses a H+

45
Q

in the effect of large resonance stabilization energy, when energy is lost when an electrophile adds to the ring. hence, what do we need to use

A

a catalyst (much stronger electrophiles)

46
Q

in the effect of large resonance stabilization energy, when energy is regained when an electrophile adds to the ring intermediate carbocation loses a H+. this results in

A

substitution

47
Q

what has a cyclic conjugated with 6pi electrons

A

benzene

48
Q

what are the 6 common substitution reactions in electrophilic aromatic substitution

A

chlorination
bromination
nitration
sulfonation
alkylation
acylation

49
Q

EAS

A

electrophilic aromatic substitution

50
Q

do all EAS have the same mechanism

A

yes

51
Q

the reaction rates of EAS depends on the attack of…

A

electrophile on the benzene ring

52
Q

in the reaction rates of EAS,
groups that has a high charge density..

A

speed up reaction

53
Q

in the reaction rates of EAS,
groups that has a low charge density..

A

slow down reaction

54
Q

EDG

A

electron donating group

55
Q

EWG

A

electron withdrawing group

56
Q

is o,p-directing EDG or EWG

A

EDG

57
Q

is m-directing EDG or EWG

A

EWG

58
Q

EDG activates or deactivates the ring

A

activate

59
Q

EWG activates or deactivates the ring

A

deactivate

60
Q

EDG activate the ring to stabilize or destabilizing the wheland intermediate

A

stabilize

61
Q

EWG activate the ring to stabilize or destabilizing the wheland intermediate

A

destabilizing

62
Q

all alkyl group are what kind of directors

A

ortho, para directors

63
Q

ortho and para directors has any substituent that has…

A

lone pairs of electrons

64
Q

meta directors has any substituent that has a…

A

positively polarized atom (delta plus, delta minus) tat is directly attached to the ring

65
Q

in the synthesis of organic compounds, you need to know the

A

reactions and their directing effects

66
Q

what is the production of new mol. needed for drugs

A

the synthesis of organic compounds

67
Q

in the synthesis of organic compound,
what works backward from the products

A

retrosynthesis

68
Q

in the synthesis of organic compound,
what is the production process

A

synthesis

69
Q

what do you call a multiple fused rings

A

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

70
Q

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exists in

A

fullerenes and carbon nano tubes

71
Q

in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, you need to obey what rule and criteria for…

A

huckel’s rule
criteria for aromacity

72
Q

what is the common sunscreen used

A

PABA

73
Q

what is the common environmental pollutant

A

Benzo[a]pyrene

74
Q

pesticides DDT is formed by what reaction

A

cholrination

75
Q

sulfanilamide is formed by what reaction

A

nitration reaction

76
Q

how many pi bonds do benzene have

A

6

77
Q

in halogenation,
what is added to the benzene and in the presence of…

A

X2
FeX2 (lewis acid catalyst)

78
Q

what is the product of halogentation

A

benzene attached to X + HX

79
Q

in nitration,
what is added to the benzene and in the presence of…

A

HNO3 (nitric acid)
H2S04 (sulfuric acid)

80
Q

in sulfonation,
what is added to the benzene and in the presence of…

A

H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
heat

81
Q

in alkylation (friedel-crafts),
what is added to the benzene and in the presence of…

A

RCl (alkyl halide)
AlCl3 (lewis acid catalyst)

82
Q

in alkylation,
what is added to the benzene and in the presence of…

A

CH2=CH2 (ethene)
H+

83
Q

in acylation (friedel-crafts),
what is added to the benzene and in the presence of…

A

acyl chloride (search up the structure)
AlCl3 (catalyst)

84
Q

what is the product of nitration

A

nitrobenzene + H2O

85
Q

what is the product of sulfonation

A

SO3H attached to benzene (benzenesulfonic acid) + H2O

86
Q

what is the product of alkylation (friedel-crafts)

A

R(R is an alkyl group) attached to benzene (alkyl benzene) + HCl

87
Q

what is the product of alkylation

A

ethylbenzene only

88
Q

what is the product of acylation (friedel-crafts)

A

look at textbook

2023 SEM 1 INORG & ORG CHEM (22 decks)

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