bonding and isomerism Flashcards
nucleus consists of
protons and neutrons
protons are …. charged
positively
neutrons are
neutral
electrons are … charged
negatively
nucleus is surrounded by
electrons
atomic number is …
no. of protons in nucleus
mass no. is
no. of protons and no. of neutrons
what is cation
atom that gives up electrons
cation is … charged
positively
what is anion
it receives electron
anion is… charged
negatively
elements that give up are called …
electropositive
elements that accept are called …
electropositive
what is bond energy
the energy to break it apart into atoms
what is bond length
the distance between 2 nuclei
the energy to break it apart into atoms
bond energy
the distance between 2 nuclei
bond length
two different atoms shared unequally
polar covalent bond
what are the partial charge
delta plus
delta minus
what are isomers
same kinds and number of atoms bu different arrangements
what are structural/ constitutional isomers
have same molecular formula but different structural formulas
same kinds and number of atoms bu different arrangements
isomers
have same molecular formula but different structural formulas
structural/ constitutional isomers
formula to find formal charge
no. of valance electron - (dots + bonds)
curved arrows
a pair of electron moving
fishhook arrows
single electron moving
straight arrows
point from reactants to products in chemical reaction equations
straight arrow with half heads
used in pairs to indicate that the reaction is reversible
double headed straight arrow
between 2 structure indicates that they are resonance
a pair of electron moving
curved arrows
single electron moving
fishhook arrows
point from reactants to products in chemical reaction equations
straight arrows
used in pairs to indicate that the reaction is reversible
straight arrow with half heads
between 2 structure indicates that they are resonance
double headed straight arrow
how many sigma bond does a single bond have
1 sigma bond
how many sigma/pi bond does a double bond have
1 sigma and 1 pi
how many sigma/pi bond does a triple bond have
1 sigma and 2 pi
name the bond:
electron density between 2 atoms
sigma bond
name the bond:
electron density above and below plane of nuclei of the bond atoms
pi bond
electron farther from nucleus have a
greater potential energy
why do electron farther from nucleus have a greater potential energy
as it keeps electron and nucleus apart
name the lines/ wedge:
plane line of a page
solid lines
name the lines/ wedge:
extends out the plane
solid wedge (towards)
name the lines/ wedge:
goes behind the plane
dashed wedge (backward)
arrange bond length from the shortest to longest
triple
double
single
arrange bond energy from weakest to strongest
single
double
triple
what tells us how the number of different atoms present
molecular formula
what tells us how the atoms are arranged
structural formula
what is molecular formula
tells us how the number of different atoms present
what is structural formula
tells us how the atoms are arranged
atomic orbital can… to form a bond
overlap
each molecular orbital can contain…
no more than 2 electrons
hybrid orbitals overlapping another hybrid orbitals or nonhybridized atomic orbitals are called
sigma bonds
what are acrylic organic molecules
they have chains of carbon atoms but no rings (branched or unbranched)
what are carbocyclic compounds
they contain rings of carbon atom
what are heterocyclic compounds
at least one atom in the ring must be heteroatom (an atom that is not carbon fr eg oxygen, nitrogen)
what compound is the third largest class of molecular frameworks for organic compound
heterocyclic compounds
