nomenclature of alkanes, alkyl halides, alkenes and alkynes Flashcards
what provides a system of naming organic compounds
IUPAC
what does IUPAC stands for
international union of pure and applied chemistry
parent name is the…
longest continuous carbon chain
suffix is indicates what…
functional group is present
prefix tellus us the.. and…
identity location
no. of subst
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 1 carbon atoms
methane
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 2 carbon atoms
ethane
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 3 carbon atoms
propane
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 4 carbon atoms
butane
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 5 carbon atoms
pentane
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 6 carbon atoms
hexane
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 7 carbon atoms
heptane
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 8 carbon atoms
octane
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 9 carbon atoms
nonane
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 10 carbon atoms
decane
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 11 carbon atoms
undecane
name the name of linear alkanes:
has 12 carbon atoms
dodecane
carbon subst are called
“alkyl groups”
what group are not part of the parent chain
alky groups
what are substituent
they are groups attached to the main chain of a molecule
what are alkyl groups
saturated subs containing only C and H
what is the alkyl name that has 1 no. of C atoms
methyl
what is the alkyl name that has 2 no. of C atoms
ethyl
what is the alkyl name that has 3 no. of C atoms
propyl
what is the alkyl name that has 4 no. of C atoms
butyl
what do u call a C that is bonded to one C
primary C
what do u call a C that is bonded to twoC
secondary C
what do u call a C that is bonded to three C
tertiary C
what do u call a C that is bonded to four C
quarternary C
name the cycloalkanes that has 3 C atoms
cyclopropane
name the cycloalkanes that has 4 C atoms
cyclobutane
name the cycloalkanes that has 5 C atoms
cyclopentane
name the cycloalkanes that has 6 C atoms
cyclohexane
in naming the cycloalkanes, do we need to indicate the location of a single subst?
no need
if the no. of carbon in the ring is greater than or equal to the number of carbons in the longest chain, the compound is named as
a cycloalkane
if there are more carbon in the chain, the compound is named as
an alkane
general formula of alkenes
CnH2n
general formula of alkynes
CnH2n-2
what contains 2 C-C double bonds that can be cumulated, conjugated or nonconjugated
alkadienes or
dienes
cumulated
next to each other
conjugated
separated by one C-C single bond
nonconjugated
separated more than one C-C single bond
what kind of isomers that has a restricted rotation around the C atoms of a double bond
stereoisomers
cis isomers
same side
trans isomer
opposite side
what are isomers that differ only in the 3D arrangement of atoms
stereoisomers
what isomers differ in a way the atoms are bonded to each other
constitutional isomers
what are compounds with 2 double bonds
diene
dienes are named by changing the ‘-ane’ ending of the parent alkane to
‘-adiene’
when naming cycloalkanes, the double bond is located
between C1 and C2
the term ‘enyne’ simply implies the presence of both
alkene and alkyne
alkene + alkyne
eneyne
