alcohols, phenols, thiols Flashcards
Alcohol contain a ______ group
Hydroxy
Alcohols are bonded to a ____ hybridized carbon
Sp3
Alcohols are classified according to the number of alkyl groups attached to carbon bearing the _____
OH
Alcohols can be classified as
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
What compounds that have a hydroxy group on a sp2 hybridized carbon
Enols and phenols
It is capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding
Alcohols and phenols
Intermolecular hydrogen bonding have relatively ____ boiling points of these substances and the ____ of lower members of the series
High
Water solubility
Alcohols are soluble in
Organic solvents
An alcohol that is soluble in water
Low molecular weight alcohols (5 or less carbon)
An alcohol that is insoluble in water
Higher molecular weight alcohols (more than 5 carbons)
When an acid loses a proton, its ____ is formed.
conjugate base
When a base gains a proton, its____ is formed.
conjugate acid
The stronger the acid, the _____ is its conjugate base.
weaker
Amphoteric
Substance that can act as either an acid or a base
Substance that can act as an either acid or base
Amphoteric
Measure of the extent is dissociation of an acid
Acid ionization constant (Ka)
It is the convenient scale for acid strength
pKa
What is the formula of the pKa =
– log Ka
The stronger the acid, the larger the ____ value and the smaller the ____ value
Larger the Ka value
Smaller the pKa value
Identify the type of acids based on their pKa value:
pKa < 1
Very strong acids
Identify the type of acids based on their pKa value:
pKa = 1-3
Moderately strong acids
Identify the type of acids based on their pKa value:
pKa = 3-5
Weak acid
Identify the type of acids based on their pKa value:
pKa = 5-15
Very weak acids
Identify the type of acids based on their pKa value:
pKa > 15
Extremely weak acids
Lewis definition:
A substance that can accept a pair of electrons
Lewis acid
Lewis definition:
A substance that can donate a pair of electrons
Lewis base
What is the pKa of alcohol
pKa 16-18
It is a conjugate based of alcohols that are commonly used as strong organic base
Alkoxides
Alkoxides are prepared from alcohols by reactions with…
Reactive metals (Na, K ) or metal hydrides (NaH, KH)
It is produced by treating with NaOH since it is a stronger acid than alcohol
Phenoxide
