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2023 SEM 1 INORG & ORG CHEM > alkanes and cycloalkanes; conformational and geometric isomerism > Flashcards

alkanes and cycloalkanes; conformational and geometric isomerism Flashcards

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1
Q

what are repulsions caused when 2 atoms are too close tgt in space and their valence electrons repel each other

A

steric interactions

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2
Q

in conformational isomers,
what is the smallest ring structure possible

A

cyclopropane

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3
Q

in conformational isomers,
what is the ‘puckered’ conformation

A

cyclobutane

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4
Q

in conformational isomers,
what is the ‘envelope’ conformation

A

cyclopentane

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5
Q

what kind of conformational is more flexible than the cyclopropane and is not flat

A

cyclobutane

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6
Q

what kind of conformational is rigid and very highly strained as the bond angles (60degree) are distorted from ideals (109.5)

A

cyclopropane

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7
Q

what kind of conformational is more reactive than a linear alkane as the strained c-c bonds are easier to break

A

cyclopropane

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8
Q

what kind of conformational is more reactive than a linear alkane as the strained c-c bonds are easier to break (bond angle 90degree)

A

cyclobutane

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9
Q

what kind of conformational is more flexible than cyclobutane and bond angle 105 degree, and less strained

A

cyclopentane

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10
Q

what kind of conformational is ‘chair’ conformation

A

cyclohexane

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11
Q

what kind of conformational is highly flexible and can adopt a strain free non planar conformation with bond angle 109.5

A

cyclohexane

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12
Q

what is the process called when the C-C bonds are single sigma bonds and it is possible to rotate about these bonds

A

ring version or a ‘chair-chair’ flip

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13
Q

what is the generic formula of an alkane

A

CnH2n+n

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14
Q

what are the 3 aliphatic hydrocarbons

A

alkanes
alkenes
alkynes

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15
Q

alkanes are saturated or unsaturated hydroc

A

saturated

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16
Q

what can come in 2 forms, normal (linear) and branched

A

alkanes

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17
Q

what can be found in crude oil and natural gas

A

hydrocarbon

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18
Q

what is a complex mixture of compounds, most of which are hydroc contatining 1-40 C atoms

A

petroleum

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19
Q

what are the 2 classification of hydrocarbos

A

aliphatic and aromaitc

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20
Q

what are aromatic hydrocarbons

A

benzene

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21
Q

in naming of cycloalkanes,
if the branched is smaller or equal to the no. of C in cycloalkanes, it is a ….

A

cyclic

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22
Q

in naming the cycloalkanes, if the branched is bigger than the no. of C in cycloalkaes, it is a…

A

acyclic

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23
Q

which hydrocarbon is most stable and less active

A

alkanes

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24
Q

which hydrocarbon is less stable and more reactive

A

alkenes

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25
Q

which hydrocarbon is least stable and most reactive

A

alkynes

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26
Q

what is the combination of double and triple bonds

A

enynes

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27
Q

general molecular formula of alkanes

A

Cn H2n+2

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28
Q

general molecular formula of alkenes

A

Cn H2n

29
Q

general molecular formula of alkynes

A

Cn H2n-2

30
Q

what attractive forces that is within a molecule, connects atom

A

intramolecular forces

31
Q

what attractive forces that is between molecules

A

intermolecular forces

32
Q

which attractive fores is stronger

A

intramolecular forces

33
Q

what types of IMF that attracts between nonpolar, present in all atoms

A

london dispersion

34
Q

what types of IMF that attracts between polar , attracts between permanent dipoles

A

dipole dipole

35
Q

what types of IMF that hydrogen bonds with F, O, N

A

hydrogen bonding

36
Q

what types of IMF that attracts between an ion and polar

A

ion dipole

37
Q

the shape and the type of IF affects the what of IMF

A

strength

38
Q

less branched, more surface area has…. IMF

A

stronger

39
Q

more branched, less surface area has…. IMF

A

weaker

40
Q

the stronger the IMF…

A

the higher boiling point
lower solubility

41
Q

the strength of IMF affects the

A

boiling point and solubility

42
Q

which IMF has the weakest IMF and low boiling point

A

london dispersion

43
Q

which IMF has a strong IMF and high boiling point

A

dipole dipole

44
Q

which IMF has a strongest IMF and higher boiling point

A

hydrogen bonding

45
Q

what has the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms

A

isomers

46
Q

what has the same molecular formula but different arrangements of electrons

A

resonance

47
Q

which type of isomers has a “mirror image”

A

identical

48
Q

which type of isomers has the same molecular formula but diff IUPAC name

A

constitutional/ structural

49
Q

which type of isomers has the same molecular but different arrangement of atoms in space

A

sterioisomers

50
Q

which has the restricted rotation of c=c double bond

A

sterioisomers

51
Q

which of these, cis or trans, has a higher boiling point

A

cis

52
Q

what chemical reaction does alkanes undergo

A

oxidation-reduction
halogenation

53
Q

alkanes only react with

A

oxygen and halogens

54
Q

what adds C-O bonds in oxidation reduction chemical reactions
(O is a reactant)

A

oxidation

55
Q

what adds C-H bonds in oxidation reduction chemical reactions
(O is a by-product)

A

reduction

56
Q

what is the reactant in combustion of alkanes

A

oxygen

57
Q

what is the product in combustion of alkanes

A

CO2 + H2O (release energy: light and heat)

58
Q

which chemical reaction where substitution occurs in the free radical process

A

halogenation

59
Q

what is the reactants in halogenation

A

halogens

60
Q

what is the products in halogenation

A

halogenated alkyl

61
Q

what are free radicals

A

atoms/ molecules with an odd number of electrons

62
Q

what are the 3 steps of the free radical process in halogenation

A

initiation
propagation
termination

63
Q

which process in halogenation where the chain is broken, remaining free radicals is consumed and no new radicals are formed

A

termination

64
Q

what are the other chemical reactions of alkanes

A

addition
subtraction
single replacement/ substitution
double replacement
combustion (O2 enthusiast)

65
Q

which chemical reactions of alkanes is fr ionic compounds

A

double replacement

66
Q

name the chemical reactions of alkanes that break the compound

A

substitution

67
Q

name the chemical reactions of alkanes that exchange cations and anions

A

double replacement

68
Q

name the chemical reactions of alkanes that burns in oxygen gas. thus release heat and light

A

combustion

2023 SEM 1 INORG & ORG CHEM (22 decks)

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