alkanes and cycloalkanes; conformational and geometric isomerism Flashcards
what are repulsions caused when 2 atoms are too close tgt in space and their valence electrons repel each other
steric interactions
in conformational isomers,
what is the smallest ring structure possible
cyclopropane
in conformational isomers,
what is the ‘puckered’ conformation
cyclobutane
in conformational isomers,
what is the ‘envelope’ conformation
cyclopentane
what kind of conformational is more flexible than the cyclopropane and is not flat
cyclobutane
what kind of conformational is rigid and very highly strained as the bond angles (60degree) are distorted from ideals (109.5)
cyclopropane
what kind of conformational is more reactive than a linear alkane as the strained c-c bonds are easier to break
cyclopropane
what kind of conformational is more reactive than a linear alkane as the strained c-c bonds are easier to break (bond angle 90degree)
cyclobutane
what kind of conformational is more flexible than cyclobutane and bond angle 105 degree, and less strained
cyclopentane
what kind of conformational is ‘chair’ conformation
cyclohexane
what kind of conformational is highly flexible and can adopt a strain free non planar conformation with bond angle 109.5
cyclohexane
what is the process called when the C-C bonds are single sigma bonds and it is possible to rotate about these bonds
ring version or a ‘chair-chair’ flip
what is the generic formula of an alkane
CnH2n+n
what are the 3 aliphatic hydrocarbons
alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
alkanes are saturated or unsaturated hydroc
saturated
what can come in 2 forms, normal (linear) and branched
alkanes
what can be found in crude oil and natural gas
hydrocarbon
what is a complex mixture of compounds, most of which are hydroc contatining 1-40 C atoms
petroleum
what are the 2 classification of hydrocarbos
aliphatic and aromaitc
what are aromatic hydrocarbons
benzene
in naming of cycloalkanes,
if the branched is smaller or equal to the no. of C in cycloalkanes, it is a ….
cyclic
in naming the cycloalkanes, if the branched is bigger than the no. of C in cycloalkaes, it is a…
acyclic
which hydrocarbon is most stable and less active
alkanes
which hydrocarbon is less stable and more reactive
alkenes
which hydrocarbon is least stable and most reactive
alkynes
what is the combination of double and triple bonds
enynes
general molecular formula of alkanes
Cn H2n+2
general molecular formula of alkenes
Cn H2n
general molecular formula of alkynes
Cn H2n-2
what attractive forces that is within a molecule, connects atom
intramolecular forces
what attractive forces that is between molecules
intermolecular forces
which attractive fores is stronger
intramolecular forces
what types of IMF that attracts between nonpolar, present in all atoms
london dispersion
what types of IMF that attracts between polar , attracts between permanent dipoles
dipole dipole
what types of IMF that hydrogen bonds with F, O, N
hydrogen bonding
what types of IMF that attracts between an ion and polar
ion dipole
the shape and the type of IF affects the what of IMF
strength
less branched, more surface area has…. IMF
stronger
more branched, less surface area has…. IMF
weaker
the stronger the IMF…
the higher boiling point
lower solubility
the strength of IMF affects the
boiling point and solubility
which IMF has the weakest IMF and low boiling point
london dispersion
which IMF has a strong IMF and high boiling point
dipole dipole
which IMF has a strongest IMF and higher boiling point
hydrogen bonding
what has the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms
isomers
what has the same molecular formula but different arrangements of electrons
resonance
which type of isomers has a “mirror image”
identical
which type of isomers has the same molecular formula but diff IUPAC name
constitutional/ structural
which type of isomers has the same molecular but different arrangement of atoms in space
sterioisomers
which has the restricted rotation of c=c double bond
sterioisomers
which of these, cis or trans, has a higher boiling point
cis
what chemical reaction does alkanes undergo
oxidation-reduction
halogenation
alkanes only react with
oxygen and halogens
what adds C-O bonds in oxidation reduction chemical reactions
(O is a reactant)
oxidation
what adds C-H bonds in oxidation reduction chemical reactions
(O is a by-product)
reduction
what is the reactant in combustion of alkanes
oxygen
what is the product in combustion of alkanes
CO2 + H2O (release energy: light and heat)
which chemical reaction where substitution occurs in the free radical process
halogenation
what is the reactants in halogenation
halogens
what is the products in halogenation
halogenated alkyl
what are free radicals
atoms/ molecules with an odd number of electrons
what are the 3 steps of the free radical process in halogenation
initiation
propagation
termination
which process in halogenation where the chain is broken, remaining free radicals is consumed and no new radicals are formed
termination
what are the other chemical reactions of alkanes
addition
subtraction
single replacement/ substitution
double replacement
combustion (O2 enthusiast)
which chemical reactions of alkanes is fr ionic compounds
double replacement
name the chemical reactions of alkanes that break the compound
substitution
name the chemical reactions of alkanes that exchange cations and anions
double replacement
name the chemical reactions of alkanes that burns in oxygen gas. thus release heat and light
combustion
