Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Population in Ecosystems Word Stimulants > Flashcards

Population in Ecosystems Word Stimulants Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biosphere

A

All inhabited places on Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Abiotic

A

Non living

Eg air, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Biotic

A

Living

Eg animal, fungi, microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ecosystem

A

Environment + community
Self contained part of biosphere
Boundary (overlap of ecosystems)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Self contained

A

Characteristics of that ecosystem

Adapted to ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Population

A

Each species in an ecosystem

Group of individuals from a species living in a particular place/time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Community

A

All different populations living in an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Factors affecting community distribution/type of organism

A

Abiotic - physical factors (eg climate. conditions, location-altitude)
Biotic - relationship between organisms - competition, predator/prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ecology

A

Relationship between populations

Relationship between populations and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Environment

A

Place where a community live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Habitat

A

Localised environment
Provides resources
Where populations live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Niche

A

All that an organism does in a habitat

Resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Population increase/decrease

A

Immigration/births

Migration/deaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Population size

A

Number of individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Population size phases

A

Lag phase
Exponential phase
Phase of deceleration
Phase of stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lag Phase

A

Growth rate - slow

Only a few individuals for reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Exponential Phase

A

Growth rate - increasing
More individuals to reproduce
Little intraspecific competition/disease/predators
Geometic - number doubles each generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Phase of decleration

A 
Growth rate - slows
Competition/disease/predators
Limiting factors
Increased environmental resistance
Density dependent - more individuals=more limiting factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Phase of stability

A

Growth rate - plateau
Population increase same as decrease
Carrying capacity - level of resources to sustain maximum number of population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

J shaped curve (population size)

A

Population increases rapidly
‘Crash’ - sudden change to abiotic conditions (eg temp)
Density independent - ‘crash’ regardless of population size. Crash before limiting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Competators

A

Rivas for resources in limited supply

22
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition between individuals of the same species

23
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Competition between individuals of different species

Species replace each other from a niches (competitive exclusion)

24
Q

Short term outcomes of competition

A

Intraspecific - population size
Interspecific - only one species occupies a niche (displaces another species - other species find another niche or extinct)
Maximum number of species occupying a habitat (respect to environmental resources available-shared)

25
Q

Long term outcomes of competition

A

Intraspecific - Natural selection (best characteristics survive) Species evolution

26
Q

Interactions

A

how individuals effect each other
Competition
Predator v prey
Interspecific - effects species distribution

27
Q

Mutualism

A

Two or more species benefit from close relationship

28
Q

Commensalism

A

One species benefit (commensal) and others unaffected

29
Q

Paratism

A

One species benefits (parasite), other species harmed (host)

30
Q

Predator , prey relationships

A

Predators effect prey number

Prey effects predator number (prey scare - starve)

31
Q

Predator/prey graph

A

1 Prey breed, increases number. Conditions favourable
2 Predators breed, increase number. Abundance of prey
3 Preditation pressure increase/ Prey number declines
4 Predator number declines - food shortage
5 preditation pressure decreases - prey number increases

32
Q

Fluctuations (predator/prey graph)

A

Fluctuations in predator numbers less than preys
Predator fluctuations lay behind prey
Density dependent - negative feedback

33
Q

Samples

A

Representation of ecosystems as a whole

34
Q

Distribution

A

Where organisms are in an ecosystem

35
Q

Abundance

A

Number of individuals of a species relative to other species

36
Q

Fieldwork

A

Produces data (possible to draw conclusions from)

37
Q

Belt transect

A

Measuring changes in vegetation between 2 points
Estimate species abundance
Line of transect (tape)
Quadrats (record plant species at intervals on transect)
Reducing sampling errors - consistent pattern of quadrats

38
Q

Quadrats

A

Square frame
Identify and count number of plants or stationary animals in known area
Thrown at ransom
Count and identify plants/animals
Calculate abundance - number of squares a species occupies

39
Q

Reducing errors

A

Improves confidence
Sufficient number of samples - mean
Avoid choosing
Standardising when samples taken (time of day, season)
Only count individuals at least half in square

40
Q

Random

A

Avoids bais in data (could lead to false conclusions)
any part of ecosystem has equal sampling chance
Random generator

41
Q

Investigating population size

A

Counting static species

Capture-mark-recapture

42
Q

Capture-mark-recaputre

A

Mobile animals
Capture and mark known number
Return where found
Wait
Recapture similar number - count marked number
No. of first and second sample / number of recaptured (marked)

43
Q

Succession

A

Communities change over time - one gives way to another

Directional

44
Q

Sere

A

Communities of succession

45
Q

Pioneer community

A

Pioneer species (colonisers)
Clearance of organisms by disturbance (eg volcanic eruption)
Beginning sere
Primary succession - no previous organisms

46
Q

Secondary successsion

A

Organisms colonise environment with previous things living in it

47
Q

Cimax community

A

Final sere

Stable - does not change (unless disturbance)

48
Q

Succession events

A 
Different species (from sere) impact their own environment - alter it
Changes favour new species - previously dominant species may dies out and replaced
Community more bio-diverse than previous sere (flow of energy increases, productivity increases, biomass greater)
49
Q

Conservation of habitats

A

Balance use of resources and protecting enviroment

50
Q

Ways of conservation

A

Renewable resources used in sustainable way
Reduce use of non renewable sources (recycle , alternative materials)
Reduce conflicting use of land (human needs v impact of survival of animals etc)
Reduce pollution (more efficient industrial processes - less waste/energy)
Environmentally friendly farming methods

51
Q

Reasons for conservation of habitat

A

Maintaining biodiversity (central to conservation of renewable resources)
Economic (provide food etc)
Ecological (losing one species impact others)
Ethical (duty to conserve for future generations)
Aesthetic (beauty)

52
Q

Deflected succession

A

Stabilise communities by humans

Deflect succession from climax

Biology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions