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Biology > Energy and Ecosystems Word Stimulants > Flashcards

Energy and Ecosystems Word Stimulants Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Food chains/webs

A

Relationship between organisms in an ecosystem

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2
Q

Food pyramids

A

Producers bottom, consumers top

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3
Q

Trophic Levels

A

Decrease in energy transfer as increase

Foo chain length limited

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4
Q

Producers

A 
Plants
Unicellular
Algae
Use sunlight energy > photosynthesis
Store chemical energy in bonds of sugars
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5
Q

Consumers

A 
Animals, Decomposers
Feed on producers
Primary - herbivores
Secondary - carnivores
Tertiary - Saprobiants
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6
Q

Decomposers

A

Tertiary consumers
Saprobiants
Fungi, Bacteria
Break down dead organisms (enzymes, products absorbed)

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7
Q

Measuring biomass

A

Mass of carbon or dry mass in tissue
Given area
Given Time

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8
Q

Bomb Calorimeter

A

Measure chemical store
Burnt in pure O2
Surrounded by h2o - change in temp > calculate energy released

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9
Q

Efficiency of Energy Transfer

A

% efficiency = Energy available after transfer/energy available before x100

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10
Q

Gross Primary Production (GPP)

A

Chemical energy

Store in plant biomass in given area at given time

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11
Q

Net Primary Production (NPP) of producers

A

GPP - Respiration

Available for growth, reproduction and passed to consumers

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12
Q

Net Primary Production (NPP) of consumers

A

Energy content in indigested food - (energy lost in faeces/urine + respiration)

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13
Q

Nutrient Cycle

A

Nutrients recycled within natural ecosystems

Producers>Consumers>Saprobionts>Inorganic ions

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14
Q

Mycorrhizae

A

Symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants
Mutualistic - both benefot
Fungi (increase SA, holds H2O and inorganic ions)
Plants (gives organic compounds)

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15
Q

Nitrogen Cycle (Components)

A

Ammonium ions (NH4+) > Nitrite ions (NO2-) > Nitrate ions (NO3-) > Nitrogen gas > Ammonium containing molecules in producers (protein) > ‘’ consumers (protein, aa) > ‘’ decomposer sapribionts (protein).

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16
Q

Nitrogen Cycle (Processes)

A

Nitrification>Nitrification>Denitrification>Nitrogen fixation>Absorption>Feeding/Digestion>Death/Excretion>Ammonification

17
Q

Nitrogen Cycle (Bacteria)

A

Nitrifying bacteria (aerobic) >Denirifying bacteria (anaerobic) > Nitrogen fixing bacteria (free living/mutualistic)

18
Q

Phosphorus

A

ATP

Nucleic acids

19
Q

Phosphorus Cycle (Components)

A

Dissolved phosphate ions in water and soil, Phosphates in rocks, Phosphate ions in wastes and remains (shells and bones); Phosphate ions in plants; Phosphate ions in animals

20
Q

Phosphorus Cycle (Processes)

A

Sedimentation, erosion (weathering) and fertilisers, Deposition, excretion / decomposition, absorption, feeding digestion

21
Q

Fertilisers

A

Add nutrients to soil
Replace nutrients removed from growth and harvesting
Macronutrients

22
Q

Nitrogen nutrients

A

Used in proteins and amino acids

Increases biomass

23
Q

Artificial fertilisers

A

Agrochemical industry
Spray/granules
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium (NPK)
Mined from rocks/deposits

24
Q

Natural Fertilisers

A

Manure, compost
Maintain soil structure
Fungi and Bacteria (decomposers) break down > soil > absorbed by crops

25
Q

Intensive farming

A 
Farmers disturb ecosystems
Increase productivity/energy transfer
Maximise food
Fertilisers
Pasture grazing
Simplify food webs - remove competition (weeds/insects)
26
Q

Intensive rearing

A

Feed more, confined space (restricted movement, no predators, warm)

27
Q

Leaching

A

NPK fertilisers soluble in H2O

Wash into water sources (already contains sewage)

28
Q

Eutophication

A 
Algae bloom
Sunlight blocked
Plants die
More saprobiants (aerobic O2 used up)
Animals die
Anaerobic bacteria decompose (O2 decreases)
'' Population increase.
Biodiverity decreases
29
Q

Indicator species

A

Identifies purid water

Biology (25 decks)

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