Nucleic Acid Word Stimulants

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Double Helix
Replicated by parent DNA
Thousands of bases
Carries genetic info from parents
Phosphodiester bond

Question 2

DNA pairs

Answer 2

Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine
1:1 ratio
Thousands of bases

Question 3

Phosphodiester Bond

Answer 3

Condensation reactions

Phosphate C3 - Sugar C5 of another

Question 4

DNA location

Answer 4

Mainly Nucleus; some Mitochondria / chloroplast

Question 5

Nucleotide Structure

Answer 5

Pentose Sugar (deoxyribose/ribose)
Phosphate group
Nitrogen-containing organic group

Question 6

Complementary Base Pairs

Answer 6

Adenine - Thymine/Uracil
Guanine - Cytosine
Hydrogen bonds (3 GC) (2 AT/U)

Question 7

RNA

Answer 7

Single Sranded (phsophodiester strand)
Transcribed against DNA template

Question 8

RNA Pairs

Answer 8

Adenine - Uracil
Guanine - Cytosine
No base ratio

Question 9

RNA Location

Answer 9

Made in nucleus

Found in cytoplasm

Question 10

tRNA Structure

Answer 10

Transfer RNA
70-90 bases
Clover shaped strand

Question 11

tRNA Role

Answer 11

Binds to amino acids

Carriers to mRNA/ribose complex

Question 12

mRNA Structure

Answer 12

Few hundred>thousands of bases

Question 13

mRNA Role

Answer 13

Genetic material

Nucleus>Ribosome (polypeptide synthesised)

Question 14

DNA replication location

Answer 14

Nucleus

S phase of Interphase

Question 15

DNA Replication Steps

Answer 15

DNA double strand ‘unzips’ - h bonds break
DNA helicase
Free nucleotides in nucleus joins to complementary bases on tRNA
DNA polymerase (condensation reaction)
Two new separate strands

Question 16

DNA Helicase

Answer 16

‘Unzips’ DNA double strand
Breaks hydrogen bonds
Hydrolysis Reactions

Question 17

DNA polymerase

Answer 17

Joins complementary nucleotides

Condensation Reaction

Question 18

Semi-Conservative Model

Answer 18

Old strand (parent - genetic continuity)
Two new strands (1 new strand, 1 old)

Question 19

Watson-Crick Model

Answer 19

Isotopes
N14 - light, top of tube
N15 - heavy, bottom of tube
Centrifuged 1st (mixed) & 2nd generation (1 light, 1 mixed)

Question 20

ATP

Answer 20

Adenosine Triophosphate

Question 21

ADP

Answer 21

Adenine Diphophate

Question 22

Inorganic Phophate

Answer 22

Pi

Phosphorylates other compounds - more reactive

Question 23

Energy

Answer 23

Some heat (ATP>ADP)
Light dependent photosynthesis, sugars oxidised by cellular respiration (ADP>ATP)

Question 24

ATP Structure

Answer 24

Adenine
Ribose
3 Phsophate groups

Question 25

ATP properties

Answer 25

Soluble in H2O | Universal energy currency

Question 26

ATP > ADP

Answer 26

``` ATP + H2O > ADP + Pi + Energy ADP Hydrolase (hyrdolysis) Endothermic ```

Question 27

ADP Hydrolase

Answer 27

ATP to ADP | Hydrolysis reaction

Question 28

ADP > ATP

Answer 28

ADP + Pi + E > ATP + H2O ATP Synthase (condensation) Phsophorylation Exothermic

Question 29

ATP uses

Answer 29

``` Energy for biological processes (immediate source) Anabolic processes (Monomers>polymers) Active transport (Glucose blood>Liver) (Na+, K+ axons) Muscle contraction (fibre shortens) ```

Question 30

Water structure

Answer 30

``` H2O Delta negative/positive No net charge lone pairs on O (x2) Hydrogen bond (very strong) ```

Question 31

Water Uses

Answer 31

Major component of cells Solvent properties Metabolite in many metabollic reactions (condensation/hydrolysis)

Question 32

Solubilty

Answer 32

In solvents - ions,polar molecules | Insoluble - non polar

Question 33

Water properties

Answer 33

High surface tension Large latent heat of vaporisation High relative heat capacity

Question 34

High surface tension

Answer 34

Strong cohesion (H bonds) Support columns of H2O Transport cells of plants (xylem vessels)

Question 35

Large Latent Heat of Vaporisation

Answer 35

Energy to evaporate 1 g of H2O Cooling effect : Little water lost in evaporation (lots of heat energy to break h bonds) Carry away heat energy

Question 36

High Relative Heat Capacity

Answer 36

Higher melting and boiling points than expected Hydrogen bonds Buffers changes in temperature