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Biology > Nucleic Acid Word Stimulants > Flashcards

Nucleic Acid Word Stimulants Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA

A 
Double Helix
Replicated by parent DNA
Thousands of bases
Carries genetic info from parents
Phosphodiester bond
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2
Q

DNA pairs

A

Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine
1:1 ratio
Thousands of bases

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3
Q

Phosphodiester Bond

A

Condensation reactions

Phosphate C3 - Sugar C5 of another

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4
Q

DNA location

A

Mainly Nucleus; some Mitochondria / chloroplast

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5
Q

Nucleotide Structure

A

Pentose Sugar (deoxyribose/ribose)
Phosphate group
Nitrogen-containing organic group

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6
Q

Complementary Base Pairs

A

Adenine - Thymine/Uracil
Guanine - Cytosine
Hydrogen bonds (3 GC) (2 AT/U)

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7
Q

RNA

A 
Single Sranded (phsophodiester strand)
Transcribed against DNA template
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8
Q

RNA Pairs

A

Adenine - Uracil
Guanine - Cytosine
No base ratio

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9
Q

RNA Location

A

Made in nucleus

Found in cytoplasm

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10
Q

tRNA Structure

A

Transfer RNA
70-90 bases
Clover shaped strand

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11
Q

tRNA Role

A

Binds to amino acids

Carriers to mRNA/ribose complex

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12
Q

mRNA Structure

A

Few hundred>thousands of bases

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13
Q

mRNA Role

A

Genetic material

Nucleus>Ribosome (polypeptide synthesised)

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14
Q

DNA replication location

A

Nucleus

S phase of Interphase

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15
Q

DNA Replication Steps

A

DNA double strand ‘unzips’ - h bonds break
DNA helicase
Free nucleotides in nucleus joins to complementary bases on tRNA
DNA polymerase (condensation reaction)
Two new separate strands

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16
Q

DNA Helicase

A

‘Unzips’ DNA double strand
Breaks hydrogen bonds
Hydrolysis Reactions

17
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Joins complementary nucleotides

Condensation Reaction

18
Q

Semi-Conservative Model

A 
Old strand (parent - genetic continuity)
Two new strands (1 new strand, 1 old)
19
Q

Watson-Crick Model

A

Isotopes
N14 - light, top of tube
N15 - heavy, bottom of tube
Centrifuged 1st (mixed) & 2nd generation (1 light, 1 mixed)

20
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triophosphate

21
Q

ADP

A

Adenine Diphophate

22
Q

Inorganic Phophate

A

Pi

Phosphorylates other compounds - more reactive

23
Q

Energy

A 
Some heat (ATP>ADP)
Light dependent photosynthesis, sugars oxidised by cellular respiration (ADP>ATP)
24
Q

ATP Structure

A

Adenine
Ribose
3 Phsophate groups

25
Q

ATP properties

A

Soluble in H2O

Universal energy currency

26
Q

ATP > ADP

A 
ATP + H2O > ADP + Pi + Energy
ADP Hydrolase (hyrdolysis)
Endothermic
27
Q

ADP Hydrolase

A

ATP to ADP

Hydrolysis reaction

28
Q

ADP > ATP

A

ADP + Pi + E > ATP + H2O
ATP Synthase (condensation)
Phsophorylation
Exothermic

29
Q

ATP uses

A 
Energy for biological processes (immediate source)
Anabolic processes (Monomers>polymers)
Active transport (Glucose blood>Liver) (Na+, K+ axons)
Muscle contraction (fibre shortens)
30
Q

Water structure

A 
H2O
Delta negative/positive
No net charge
lone pairs on O (x2)
Hydrogen bond (very strong)
31
Q

Water Uses

A

Major component of cells
Solvent properties
Metabolite in many metabollic reactions (condensation/hydrolysis)

32
Q

Solubilty

A

In solvents - ions,polar molecules

Insoluble - non polar

33
Q

Water properties

A

High surface tension
Large latent heat of vaporisation
High relative heat capacity

34
Q

High surface tension

A

Strong cohesion (H bonds)
Support columns of H2O
Transport cells of plants (xylem vessels)

35
Q

Large Latent Heat of Vaporisation

A

Energy to evaporate 1 g of H2O
Cooling effect :
Little water lost in evaporation (lots of heat energy to break h bonds)
Carry away heat energy

36
Q

High Relative Heat Capacity

A

Higher melting and boiling points than expected
Hydrogen bonds
Buffers changes in temperature

Biology (25 decks)

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