Population genetics and speciation Flashcards
What is a population?
A group of same species living in a specific environment/area
Microevolution
The change in allelic frequencies in a population over time
Genetic variation
Phenotypic variation based on changes in genes/DNA sequences
A single globin gene underwent____and_______. Mutations resulted in __________?
Duplication and divergence
Two different functioning genes on two different chromosomes
What are fixed alleles?
When there is only one allele for a particular locus
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
In a population that is not evolving, allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from one generation to another
What equation is for allelic frequencies?
1 = p + q
What equation is for genotypic frequencies?
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
What are the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg?
- No mutations
- Random mating
- No natural selection
- Large population
- Isolated population
What is genetic drift?
Change in allelic frequencies in a small population
What is the bottleneck effect?
Catastrophic event, a large number of individuals die, the allele frequency in the new population changes drastically. Usually reduces allele variability
What is the founder effect?
When a group of individuals move to a new area and form a new population, without the original population dying
Genetic drift is significant in______?
Small populations
Genetic drift can lead to______?
A loss of genetic variation within populations
Genetic drift can cause allelic frequencies to_______?
Change at random
Genetic drift can cause harmful alleles to become______?
Fixed