Evolution

Question 1

What are Homologous structures?

Answer 1

Similar structures, different functions

Question 2

What is divergent evolution?

Answer 2

When structures adapt by natural selection to do different functions
ex. whale fin vs bat wing

Question 3

Homologous =

Answer 3

Divergent

Question 4

Analogous =

Answer 4

Convergent

Question 5

What are Analogous Structures?

Answer 5

Looks different, same function.
ex. wings
Can shape different species into similar forms because of their environment

Question 6

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 6

When organisms that aren’t closely related, have similar features/behaviors

Question 7

Ways that natural selection alters the allelic frequency?

Answer 7

1. Directional selection
2. Disruptive selection
3. Stabilizing selection

Question 8

What is Directional Selection?

Answer 8

Favours one extreme of the phenotype
ex. peppered moths

Question 9

What is Disrupted Selection?

Answer 9

Favours both extremes of the phenotype
ex. big and small salmon

Question 10

What is Stabilizing Selection?

Answer 10

Favours the intermediate phenotype

Question 11

What is sexual selection?

Answer 11

Traits that are inherited to attract a mate

Question 12

What is sexual dimorphism?

Answer 12

Differences in secondary sexual characteristics between males and females of the same species (ex. small females, big males)

Question 13

What is intrasexual selection?

Answer 13

Competition within the same sex

Question 14

What is intersexual selection?

Answer 14

Sexual selection between the sexes
ex. long feathered peacocks

Question 15

What is balancing selection?

Answer 15

Maintains two or more phenotypes forms in a population

Question 16

What is frequency-dependent selection? ex. left mouth fish vs right mouth fish

Answer 16

When two phenotypes go back and forth depending on which was higher the previous generation
ex. (favours whichever was least common that year)

Question 17

What is heterozygote advantage?

Answer 17

When heterozygous individuals have a greater relative fitness compared to homozygous individuals

Question 18

What are the 4 conditions that made life on earth possible?

Answer 18

1. The abiotic synthesis of small molecules (amino acids and nitrogenous bases)
2. Joining of molecules into macromolecules (due to the hot surfaces)
3. Packaging of these molecules into protocells
4. The origin of self-replicating molecules

Question 19

What is most likely the first genetic material?

Answer 19

RNA

Question 20

What are sedimentary rocks?

Answer 20

The richest source of fossils

Question 21

How are rocks dated?

Answer 21

Using Radiometric dating

Question 22

What is radiometric dating?

Answer 22

Use of radioactive isotops to measure the half life.

Comparing carbon-14 to carbon-12 ratios to determine age

Question 23

Where did mammals originate?

Answer 23

A group of tetrapods called synapsids

Question 24

What is the order of the Geological record?

Answer 24

1. Prokaryotes
2. Atmospheric oxygen
3. Single celled eukaryotes
4. Multicellular eukaryotes
5. Animals
6. Colonization of land
7. Humans

Question 25

What are the consequences of mass extinction? (SER)

Answer 25

1.Reduces large number of species
2. Reduces the ecological community
3. Species cannot reappear

Question 26

What is mass extinction?

Answer 26

The loss of many species over a large expanse in a short amount of time

There have been 5 mass extinction events in earths history

Question 27

Benefits of mass extinction?

Answer 27

1. Adaptive radiations

Question 28

What are adaptive radiations?

Answer 28

Organisms that form new species in a short amount of time with adaptations to help them survive in environments their ancestors couldn’t