POPULATION Flashcards
Define Birth rate
The number of babies born each year per 1000 people
Define death rate
The number of people who die each year per 1000 people
Calculate natural increase
Birth rate - death rate
Calculate population density
Population of an area divided by it total area
Under population causes
Women became more career minded
Urbanisation
Availability and affordability of contraception
Policy
Reduced infant mortality ( less need to have more children to make up for infants death)
Under population EFFECTS
Shortage of workers to produce goods
Less paying tax meaning higher tax
Have to attract migrants
Less development rely on migrants to boost economy
Reply on migrants to boost economy
Under population SOLUTION
Creating jobs
relaxing the visa rule
Give benefits to those with children (giving incentives)
Over population CAUSES
Better health care
Increased in birth rate
Decreased in death rate
Cultural influences
Religion
Lack of education-contraception
Family planning
Increased in standard of living
Over population EFFECT
Air/noise/sea pollution unemployment
Inflation(excess demand)
Congestion
Shortage of hospitals/school
Losing more land
Over population SOLUTION
Contraception and birth control
Family planning
Advertising campaign
Population distribution
The way in which the population is spread out over an area region country continent or world
Sparse population
When not many people live in an area
Dense population
When lots of people live in an area
Fertility rate
The average number of children a women will have in her lifetime
Infant mortality
Counts the number of babies per 1000 live births who die under the age of one
Life expectancy
The average age that someone is expected to live within a country
Population pyramid
A population pyramid show the age and sex structure of the country.
—> it is a type of graph that is divided into males and females and then age groups
Young dependants
The number or percentage of the population under the age of 15
Elderly dependant
The number or percentage of the population over the age of 65
Economically active
The working middle group of population (15-64)
Migration
The movement of people from one place to another for more than a year
Rural - urban migration
People moving away from rural area to urban areas to find jobs and seek a better life style
Emigration
The movement of people out of an area
Immigration
The movement into an area
Voluntary migration
Migration by choice. People may wish to seek a better lifestyle in a different country
Refugees
People who must leave their country if they face death due to war
Forced migration
Migration that occurs when it is not possible for the people to live in the place of their own origin in fear of death or persecution
Internal migration
Movement of people within the country for more than one year
International migration
Movement of people from one country to another for more than a year
Asylum seeker
A person who leaves their country for fear of persecution.They have asked permission to stay and are waiting for a decision
Illegal immigrant
A person who enters a country to live and work there without permission
Increase old dependant problems
High dependency
More pressure on economically active
Less innovative workforce
Less workforce
Need more money to spent on healthcare
Higher tax
More pension
Pressure on healthcare
