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Food Production Flashcards

1
Q

Pastoral farming

A

The rearing of animals

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2
Q

Livestock

A

Animals that are domesticated and reared on a farm

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3
Q

Arable farming

A

The growing of crops

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4
Q

Crops

A

Type of plants that are grown on a farm eg. Wheat, corn , rice and barley

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5
Q

Mixed farming

A

Farming that rears and cultivate(grows) crops

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6
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Farming that involves only rearing enough animals or growing enough crops to support immediate friends and family.

—>the crops are called “subsistence crops” a surplus maybe produced time to time which is sold

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7
Q

Sedentary farming

A

Farming that takes place in a permanent location. The farm and the farmer stays in the same place every year

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8
Q

Shifting cultivation

A

Farming that moves from one location to another every couple of years

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9
Q

Aquaculture

A

The farming of aquatic plants and animals eg mussel, fish and seaweed

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10
Q

Commercial farming

A

Farming purpose of making profit

Typically large scale the crops produced are called “cash crops” and sold for money

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11
Q

Nomadic farming

A

Farming that moves from one place to another usually with the rainy season to find water and grazing areas for animals

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12
Q

Human inputs

A
  • labour
  • machinery (tractors etc)
  • buildings( barns,silos)
  • seed to grow crops
  • animal feed
  • fertiliser and pesticides
  • calves,chicks, piglets

Government influence

Market influence

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13
Q

Physical inputs

A

Soil- if soil is fertile then arable farming is likely to happen, if it less fertile and can only support grass then pastoral farming is likely to occur

Precipitation- water that helps water the crops

Sun-energy to help plants and animal to grow

Alluvium-this is mineral and nutrient sediment that is transported by rivers and deposited in flood plain in times of flood

Flood water-floods not only bring alluvium but also water to keep ground moist

Relief- if land is flat then it is easier for arable farming to occur.if land is hilly then pastoral farming is more likely to occur

Drainage-important that the fields are well drained so they aren’t permanently flooded apart from rice most crops and animals can’t survive bring permanently submerged

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14
Q

Processes

A

Rearing- caring for and support of animals to maturity

Shearing- removing of wool form animals, normally sheep

Ploughing- turning over the land and preparing it for planting seeds

Fertilising -adding chemicals to the soil to try and make it more fertile

Weeding-removing alien plants from crop field

Irrigating- watering land

Cultivating-to care for and grow crops

Harvesting-the collection of crops at the end of the growing season

Slaughtering- the killing of animals once they have reached maturity and ready to sell

Planting-putting seeds into the ground

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15
Q

Outputs

A

Profits

Meat products (pork,lamb,chicken,beef,wool)

Milk

Waste (animal excrement)

Methane (mainly from cows)

Crops (corn,wheat, carrots, potatoes)

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16
Q

Intensive farming

A

Where large amount of produce is generated form small area of land

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17
Q

Extensive farming

A

Where is small amount of produce is generated from a large area of land

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18
Q

The influence of natural and human inputs on agricultural land use

NATURAL FACTORS

A

Temperature (affected by latitude, altitude and distance from the sea)

Precipitation

Steep land slope make machinery difficult, only suitable for sheep

Soil needs to be fertile for it to be effectively farmed

Flat areas

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19
Q

The influence of natural and human inputs on agricultural land use

HUMAN FACTOR

A

Economic:
Transport-cost of growing different crops in different areas

Markets-prices for products can change year on year

Capital-investment in machines can be expensive, limiting consumer demand

Technology-requires investment but is vital for food security

Social:
Tradition- farmers in certain regions tend to produce things the same way

Land tenure- inheritance laws have banned equal division of land to stop subsistence farming

Government policies- the government may control surplus, loans and income supplements or own the land

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20
Q

Scale of production

A

Farms in MEDCs may be run by large companies-economies of scale, reducing the unit of cost of production and wiping out smaller farms -high capital allows them to acquire lots of land

LEDC may have smaller farmers due to spoilt of inheritance

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21
Q

Methods of organisation

A

Commercial farming- is highly modernised eg auto magic drivers and chemical sprays, systematic, high capital intensive

Subsistence farming- focuses more on tradition doing things by themselves

22
Q

Products of agriculture system

A

Commercial farms-will produce things Ona massive scale, but may be focused on selected few crops

Subsistence farms- will focus on small amount of products, but may have wider range of products

23
Q

Causes of food shortages natural

A
  • desertification
  • landslide
  • pest
  • marginal land
  • unsuitable land
  • inappropriate climate eg drought
  • tropical storms
  • flooding
24
Q

Causes of food storages economic

A
  • poor transport reduces incentives
  • high prices due to shortages
  • debt
  • war
  • poor economy limits government support in investment
25
Causes of food shortages human
High birth rate High population density Over population Weak workforce means not enough suitable people to farm Soil erosion/soil exhaustion
26
Effects of food shortages
Malnutrition, which increase proneness to disease and limits their physical/intellectual potential, reducing their incentive to work, leading landlocked countries into a cycle —> leads to scurry,rickets and protein deficiency leading to bone deformities/swelling Reduces quality of life Reduces incentive to work More likely to fall ill Land may be well tended Other economic production may fall further Increased in food prices Crime increased like looting
27
Programmed solution to food shortages
FOOD AID Relief food aid- given during crisis Programme food aid- given to local governments to sell Project food aid - targeting specific groups in a country —> positive -keeps people alive —> negative - dependant on aid overly can worsened situations and damage the agriculture economy - expensive( transport) Green revolution - created the HYV boosting yield 2-4 times - brought resistance to disease, more responsive to fertiliser and a shorter growing season - farmer educated and offered credit to buy machinery Positives - long term planning - diet more varied - farming income has increased Negative - mechanization increased rural employment - fertiliser affect economy and environment - benefitted middle and higher income farmer
28
Solutions to food shortages
Building small wells to provide water for irrigation Planting trees to conserve soil Inter cropping to limit rainfall runoff Improved food storage to allow it to last longer and be projected
29
Factors affecting food supply
Climate —> higher temperatures and unreliable rainfall makes farming difficult Technology —> improvement in technology have increased the amount of food available Pest and diseases —> pesticides have increased crop yield —-> farmers in LIC cannot afford them Water stress Irrigation system provide water for countries with unreliable or low rainfall Conflict —> war forces farmer to flee their land or to fight in conflict. Food can be sued as a weapon with enemies cutting food supplies in order to gain ground Poverty —> when people have less money they can’t afford they become unable to work, families in developing countries spend much of their income on food
30
Impacts of food insecurity
Famine Soil erosion rising prices Social unrest
31
Subsistence farming
Plots of small land Output are small Too poor to buy fertilizer Farmer use traditional method Only provide food for families There is no market for crops produced
32
Factors that will effect the farmer use of land
Flat land Soil fertility Amount of precipitation Temperature Lengths of growing seasons Price of product Amount of land available Capital available
33
How to increase production yield
Farm the land more intensively Use fertiliser Irrigation Pesticides Use better quality seeds More mechanization Contour ploughing Increase in amount of land used Crop rotation Terracing
34
Explain how farming can cause soil erosion
``` Overgrazing Over cultivation Removal of vegetation soil is bare Washed away by the rain Soil exhaustion ``` Ploughing up and down Tractors
35
Short term response food shortages
Food aid Government grants —>better seed quality —>fertiliser -pesticides
36
Long term food shortages
Provide irrigation TNC investment to create jobs to people can buy food Reduce corruption Anti Natalie policy Better storage Mechanisation Ploughing Edcate farmers about crop rotation
37
Reasons why countries experience food shortages
Infertile soil Droughts Overpopulation War Tsunami Can’t afford fertiliser/pesticides Volcanis eruption Tropical storms Lack of transportation to rural areas
38
Methods which can be used to reduce food shortages
Irrigation Fertiliser Pesticide Herbicides High quality seeds Mechanic Improve in food storage Terracing
39
Increase arable land
Irrigation Terracing hill sides Deforestation Use of machinery HYV crops
40
Subsistence farmers
Small plot of land Output small Too poor to buy machinery or fertilizer They use traditional methods Their only way of providing food for their family Many live on remotes areas No market for crops produced
41
Explain the changes occur in percentage of primary , secondary and Teri that employment as country becomes more developed
Primary sector reduced As importance of agriculture declines Secondary sector increased Manufacturing industry are introduced However manufacturing will eventually begin to reduce of importance Teritiary sector increased Growth of service
42
Advantages of mixed farming
If crops fail the farmers will be able to depend on animals Animal manure can be used for crops Animals can plough Can adapt to demand Crop waste can be used for animal feed Farmers can use all types of land
43
Explain the natural environment influence agriculture land use
Soil - > poor soil will be used for grazing - > good soil used to grow crops Relief - > flat land crops can grow - > stepper area may be for grazing Sunshine -> crops will grow if there is enough sun Temperature - > cold area possible to graze sheep’s - > crop aren’t able to grow in cold areas - : warm temperatures for growth of crops Precipitation -> large amount of rainfall is needed for rice growing
44
Different strategies can be used in short term and long term to provide solution to food shortages
Emergency famine relief Improved road network Provide irrigation Government grants Better seed quality Fertiliser Pesticides Ploughing Reduce corruption Crop rotation Mechanisation
45
Causes of soil erosion
Deforestation Grazing by animals Removes vegetation cover Over cultivation Soil dried out by the drought —> so it can be blown away by the wind Heavy rainfall
46
Reasons why countries experiencing food shortages
Drought Infertile soil Increasing population Crop diseases War Tsunami Volcano eruption Can’t afford fertiliser
47
Impacts of food shortages
Death Conditions such as scurvy , rickets People too weak to work Can’t resist diseases More looting crime increasing Increased food prices
48
Different strategies food shortages
Emergency famine relief Improve road Use land for food crops for local people rather than export Provide irrigation Government grants Better seed quality Fertiliser Pesticides Better storage Reduce corruption
49
Suggest reasons why many farmers carry out intensive farming
More profit Higher yield Smal area used Afford fertiliser Many access to many workers
50
Explain why war may cause food shortages
Farmer have to in army Crops destroyed Unsafe to farm due to bombings Money on the army Unable to transport food Market destroyed Increased food prices People unable to work so cannot afford food
51
Explain how other economic and political factors may cause food shortages in a country
Lack of investment in agriculture Poor road system Many farmers produce cash crops Aid is poorly distributed People cannot afford food due to unemployment Corrupt government Cannot afford to import food
52
Explain why there are food shortages in some parts of the world
Poverty Drought War Soil erosion Infertile soil No precipitation Corrupt government Poor storage Natural disaster

Geography (41 decks)

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