Coral reef and mangrove Flashcards
Conditions for coral reef
Normal Salinity: can only live in sea water with not too high salt
Shallow: water allow water light for tiny photosynthesis algae
Temperature: mean annual temperature has to be over 18 with an optimum of 24
Depth: can only grow in water less than 60metres deep
Exposure to air: corals die if they are exposed too long to arise they can only survive and grow at low tide levels
Plenty of oxygen
Plenty of plankton
Value of coral reef
Fisheries- homes to fishes
Tourism- generated coral reef revenue
Coastal protection- break down the power of the wave during the storms hurricanes,by helping prevent coastal erosion
Course of medical advances- coral reef organism are use for treatment for diseases like cancer and HIV.
Threats coral reef
Destructive fishing practices- dynamite and cyanide fishing not just this but regular fishing like using nets
Overfishing- affect biological balance
Tourism - careless boating, diving and snorkelling causes damage such as anchors
Destructive of mangrove-the destructive of mangroves result in the depositing of sediment that clouds the water around coral reefs and killing coral
Types of coral reef
Fringing reef-grow near the coastline around island continents.They are separated from the shore by narrow,shallow lagoons
Barrier reef- parallel the coastline but are separated by deeper wider lagoons
Condition for mangroves
Temperature- most mangroves grow only 30 degrees latitude of the equator
Salinity- the water around mangroves has to be of a certain salt content
Exposer to air- can’t be exposed to air for too
High salinity
Between high and low water mark
Gentle wave action
Seasonal temperature range lower than 5c
Low show gradient
Growing in water
Grow in shallow
Aerial roots
Shiny leaves
Packed tightly
Values of mangroves
Protect coastline- the roots act can stabilise the coastline
Reducing water pollution- absorb inorganic substance
Flood prevention- stabilise water capacity of the substance
Contain natural resources- charcoal, firewood, medicine etc
Threats mangroves
Clearing- mangroves forest have been seen as unproductive and smelly so cleared for agriculture
Over harvesting- harvesting of mangroves become unsustainable and threaten their future
River changes- dams and irrigation reduce the amount of water reaching mangroves changing salinity
Overfishing-
Destruction of coral reef- this can prevent seedling from taking roots and wash away nutrients essential
Pollution- fertiliser, pesticides, toxic chemical can kill animals living in mangroves forest
Climate change- require stable sea level for long term survival
