Poisons & Other Drugs Flashcards
Differentiate toxicant fr toxin
toxicant - any substance that causes harmful effect when administered to a living organism
toxin - toxicant produced by living organism
A.Give formula for therapeutic index.
B.T/F The larger the ration, the greater the relative safety
A.TD50 / ED50
Differentiate Individual dose-response relationship From
Quantal dose-response relationship
Individual dose-response relationship
- Describes the response of an individual organism to varying doses of a chemical
Quantal dose-response relationship
- Characterizes the distribution of individual responses to different doses in a population
Enumerate 3 pre-analytic variables you must consider before toxic agent analysis
(1) elimination patterns
(2) analyte stability
(3) specimen collection procedure
A.Reference method for Analysis of Drugs in Serum & Urine
B.Differentiate LD50 fr TD50
A.Gas chromatography with mass spectrometer
B.LD50
- Dose that would predict death in 50% of the population
TD50
- Dose that would be predicted to produce a toxic response in 50% of the population
not used in emergency room testing A.EMIT B.GC-MS C.FPIA D.TLC
B
Which is false?
A.Compounds can cross-react with each other’s target receptors
B.A (+) drug screen will differentiate casual from habitual user, detect time frame & dose of drug use
C.Most drugs of abuse contain benzene rings
B
A.Cocaine stimulates what pathway in the brain?
B.primary product of cocaine metabolism?
A.dopaminergic pathway
B.Benzoylecgonine
A.Screening test for heroin & cocaine-
B.Confirmatory test for heroin & cocaine -
A.immunoassay
B.gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
A.main purpose of fentanyl:
B.metabolites of heroin:
A.pain reliever
B.N-acetylmorphine & morphine
A.Dextrometorphan is an analog of ____:
B.main therapeutic purpose of dextrometorphan:
A.codeine
B.anti-tussive
not an opiate A.dextrometorphan B.heroin C.cocaine D.fentanyl
(C)
overdose: nytagmus A.dextrometorphan B.heroin C.cocaine D.fentanyl
(A)
overdose: respiratory depression A.dextrometorphan B.heroin C.cocaine D.fentanyl
D)
Which is false?
A.Phenylethylamines and piperazines have similar effects.
B.MDMA/Ecstacy is an amphetamine
C.There are no standard assay methods detecting drugs in urine
D.Confirmatory test for amphetamines is electrophoresis
(D - kailangan ay gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)
Enumerate 3 analytic tools to measure lead @ body
o Atomic absorption spectrophtometry o Inductively coupled plasma / mass spectrophotmetry
o Anode stippling voltammetry
False about lead A.Protein enzyme inhibitor B.Measured in serum C.Acute toxicity is rare D.Both organic & inorganic compounds of lead may be highly toxic
B - whole blood dapat bc Pb binds to cells
[Hallucinogens] A.Major metabolite B.Screening test C.Confirmatory test D.general overdose effects
A.Major metabolite: phenylcyclidine HCl
B.Screening test: immunoassay
C.Confirmatory test: GC-MS
D.general overdose effects: stupor and coma
identify: Is a 2,3-disubstituted quinazoline. Anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, local anesthetic, antitussive, and weak antihistamine A. Methaqualone B. Fentanyl C. Cannabinoids D. Barbituates
A
false about methaqualone
A.Oral administration leads to rapid but incomplete absorption of the drug
B.Toxic serum concentrations reached at 10 μg/mL
C.may act on cough & allergies
A. complete absorption kasi dapat
most common adverse reaction: panic rxn. With flashbacks days to months after ingestion.
A.THC
B.Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
C.methaqualone
B
changes in the sense of time, organized visual illusions or hallucinations, blurred undulating vision
A.THC
B.Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
C.methaqualone
B
False about THC, a cannabinoid
A.principal psychoactive compound found in shabu
B.Lipid-soluble compound
C.readily enters the brain that may act by producing cell membrane changes
A – marijuana dapat
tachycardia & reddening of conjunctiva
A.THC
B.Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
C.methaqualone
A
[Tranquilizers] A.What neurotransmitter does a tranquilizer potentiate? B.What does (A) do? C.screening test D.confirmatory test
A.GABA
B.neurotransmitter that inhibits conduction in dopaminergic neurons, and facilitation of its binding to GABA receptors
C.screening: immunoassay
D.confirmatory test: GC or liquid chromatography
Sudden discontinuance of tranquilizers may lead to any of the ff except A.seizures B.sweating, C.diarrhea D.somnolence
D = irritability dapat somnolence is for overdose
[Barbituates] A.effects @ low-dose B.effects @ high dose C.screening test D.confirmatory test
A.sedation, drowsiness, sleep
B.anesthesia
C.immunoassay
D.TLC
False about anabolic steroids A.Chemically associated to testosterone B.Improves athletic performance by increasing muscle mass C.Type of barbituate D.Water-soluble
D – lipid soluble dapat
not a toxic effect of anabolic steroid A.chronic hepatitis B.atherosclerosis C.abnormal platelet aggregation D.seizures
D
A.most common drug of abuse
B.enzyme in-charge of (A) metab
C.metabolites of (A)
A.ethanol
B. hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase
C.acetaldehyde, acetic acid
Not used for lab specimen, for ethanol det A.serum B.urine C.plasma D.whole blood
B
\_\_\_ is not used to indicate prolonged consumption of ethanol A.GGT B.AST C.ACP D.MCV
C
A. Explain breath analysis in ethanol det
B. Usual analytic method @ breath analysis
A. ethanol in capillary alveolar blood rapidly equilibrates with alveolar air in a ratio of 2100:1 (blood:breath)
B. infrared absorption spectrometry
[wood alcohol]
A.scientific name
B.metabolites
A.methanol
B.formaldehyde, formic acid
[wood alcohol]
A.analytic methods
B.toxic effects
A) GC-MS & Headspace gas chromatographic analysis
B. severe acidosis and optic neuropathy, blindness
[rubbing alcohol]
A. T/F 2x CNS depressant action as ethanol
B. T/F more toxic as methanol
C. Enumerate 2 Analytic methods for this
A.T
B.F - Less
C. headspace GC nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
[1,2-ethanediol OR ethylene glycol]
A.common comp of ___
B.three metabolites
C.Why is it a common cause of child poisoning?
A. hydraulic fluid and anti-freeze
B. Glycoaldehyde, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid
C. It has a sweet taste
[1,2-ethanediol OR ethylene glycol]
A.fatal dose
B.measurement instrument
A.100 g
B.HPLC
[1,2-ethanediol OR ethylene glycol]
A.symptoms of acute poisoning
B.major effect of glycolic acid?
A.anuria, necrosis
B.high anion gap @ metabolic acidosis
A.identify :
the difference between the actual osmolality measured by freezing-point depression and calculated* osmolality
B. Do all common alcohols have (A)?
A.serum osmolal gap
B.yes
Which has/have metabolic acidosis with anion gap? A.methanol B.isopropanol C.ethanol D.ethylene glycol
A and D
serum acetone is yielded A.methanol B.isopropanol C.ethanol D.ethylene glycol
B
urine oxalate is yielded A.methanol B.isopropanol C.ethanol D.ethylene glycol
D
produced in cigarettes and in the exhaust of engines; lung cancer A.benzpyrene B.nitrites C.aflatoxin D.aromatic hydrocarbons
A
Used as preservatives in red meats + Associated with colon cancer A.benzpyrene B.nitrites C.aflatoxin D.aromatic hydrocarbons
B
Produced by the fungus Aspergillus + Implicated in causing hepatocellular carcinoma A.benzpyrene B.nitrites C.aflatoxin D.aromatic hydrocarbons
C
Benzene and ionizing radiation & Implicated in causing acute leukemias A.benzpyrene B.nitrites C.aflatoxin D.aromatic hydrocarbons
D
Strongly implicated as a carcinogen in lung cancer and mesothelioma
A.vinyl chloride
B.asbetos
C.polychlorinated biphenyl
B
Linked to angiocarcinoma
A.vinyl chloride
B.asbetos
C.polychlorinated biphenyl
A
[Cyanide]
A.T/F It exists as a solid, gas, liquid in a solution.
B.Component of __
C.Antidote
A. T
B. Insecticide, rodenticide
C. Amyl nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, thiosulfate
[Cyanide]
analytic methods
- Analytical methods
o Spectrophotometry
o Ion-selective electrode
o Isotope dilution GC-MS
[Cyanide]
A.binds to __-containing compounds
(Choices: Fe, Pb, Hg)
B. inhibits 3 things. Enumerate!
A. Fe
B. cellular respiration, electron transport, ATP prod
not a clue of cyanide poisoning A.Odor of bitter almonds B.altered mental status C.tachypnea D.metal alkalosis
D – metal acidosis dapat
A. T/F CO has higher affinity for Hgb than O2
B. two organs most susceptible to CO poisoning
C. principal symptom accompanying respiratory, neurologic, and cardiac symptoms c/o CO
A. T
B. Brain and heart
C. dyspnea
A. If one has CO poisoning, face color is __
B. enum 2 analytical methods for CO det
A. Cherry red
B. Spetrophotometry & GC-MS
A.Organophosphates are __ of (thio)phosphoric acid
B.How do organophosphates and carbmates interefere with neurotransmission?
C.toxicity mechanism of organophosphates & carbamates
A.esters
B.produce inhibition by reacting with the active site of AChE
C.cause accumulation of Ach at neuronal synapses and myoneural junctions
[Organophosphates & Carbamates]
a.affect what part of nervous sys?
B.death is due to?
C.lab test for screening?
A.parasympathetic
B.respi failure
C.serum pseudocholinesterase
[Arsenic]
A. Nail beds can show transverse white striations called
B. Chronic exposure specimen
C.chronic exposure test
A. Mees lines
B.urine, hair, nails
C. ion emission spectroscopy
[Arsenic]
A.ready absorption sites?
B. it disrupts mutiple metabolic systems. How?
C.T/F Acute toxicity is manifested within the 1st hr of ingestion and generally reflects mutiorgan involvement
A.GIT and lungs
B.systems thru its reversible interaction with mutiple enzyme sulfyhydryl groups
C.T
[Arsenic]
A.acute exposure specimen
B.acute exposure test
A. Blood & urine
B. AAS
[Mercury]
Which is false?
A. Has four forms
B. Significant poisoning occurs with elemental mercury when it is inhaled or absorbed thru skin
C. Only elemental mercury is excreted mainly in urine
C – also inorganic Hg compound
[Mercury] Poisoning is through covalent bonding with protein sulfhydyrl groups causing all @ enzymes except a.dysfunction b.inactivation c.expulsion d.denaturation
C
[Hg] Syndromes of chronic exposure to Hgo include all except: A.Acrodynia = pink disease B.Feer-swift disease C.Feer syndrome D.Leukothism
D - erethism dapat
Hg]
Which is false?
A.Blood, urine, & CSF – main specimen options
B.Method of testing – Reinsch test
C.significant exposure: > 50 ug/dl (blood
A - hair can be used
