Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate organ systems

involved in the acid-base balance;

A

Respiratory & excretory test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Strong acids: pKa values

A

3.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Strong bases: pKa values > __

A

9.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Identify: most important buffer system

when it comes to acid-base balance

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which is true?
A. For acids, raising the pH above the pKa will cause the acid to dissociate and yield an H+
B. For bases, lowering the pH below the pKa will cause the base to release OH−
C. BOTA
D. NOTA

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Effectiveness of buffer depends on the ff, except:
A.pKa of the buffering system
B.pOH of the substance
C.pH of the environment in which it is placed
D.NOTA

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
Which are extracellular buffers?
A. bicarbonate 
B. proteins
C. ammonia
D. phosphate
A

A and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
Which are intracellular buffers?
A. bicarbonate 
B. proteins
C. ammonia
D. phosphate
A

B and D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

has more immediate effect in terms of buffering
A.Respiratory System
B.Renal System
C.NOTA

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

normal extracellular H+ value: identiify

A

36 to 44 nmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
Which is not a consequence of abnormal extracellular H+ value?
A.altered consciousness
B.neuromuscular irritability
C.tetany
D.abdominal pain
A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

true about bicarbonate buffer system
A.H2CO3 dissociates into CO2 and H2O, allowing CO2 to be eliminated by the lungs and H+ as water
B.changes in CO2 modify the functional rate of kidneys
C.HCO3- concentration can be altered by the lungs

A

A

B - modify ventilation rate dapat
C - by kidneys dapat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
Bicarbonate buffer system immediately counters the effects of:
A. ketone bodies 
B. lactic acid
C. non-volatile acids
D. AOTA
A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of phosphate buffer system?

A

plays a role in plasma and red blood cells and is involved in the exchange of sodium ion in the urine H+ filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

main component of plasma protein

A

the imidazole groups of histidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Differentiate the two types of acidosis/alkalosis.

A

primary respiratory - disorder caused by ventilatory dysfunction
non-respiratory - caused by bicarbonate imbalance. (renal, metab func)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which is/are false?
A. If the imbalance is of nonrespiratory origin, the body compensates by altering ventilation
B. For disturbances of the respiratory component, the kidneys compensate by selectively excreting or reabsorbing anions and cations
C. Lungs - don’t compensate immediately, but response is often complete
D. Kidneys - faster to respond, but short term and incomplete

A

C and D

baliktad

18
Q

fully compensated - normal range ang pH

identify ratio for this

A

20 carbonic acid: 1 bicarbonate

19
Q

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS is a decrease in bicarbonate. The ff can make this happen, except:
A.the direct administration of an acid-producing substance, such as ammonium chloride and calcium chloride
B.by lack of formation of organic acids as seen with diabetic ketoacidosis and starvation
C.reduced excretion of acids, as in renal tubular acidosis
D.excessive loss of bicarbonate from diarrhea or drainage from a biliary, pancreatic, or intestinal fistula

A

B

excessive dapat

20
Q

Which is false?
A. symptoms of metabolic acidosis are hard to diagnose
B. If alkalosis comes with vomiting, H2SO4 is excreted.

21
Q

Identify

deep, rapid breathing; classically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Kussmaul respirations

22
Q

Main diagnostic procedure for metabolic acidosis

A

Arterial blood gas sampling

23
Q
Which may not lead to respiratory acidosis?
A.chronic hypercarbia in COPD patients
B.less lung surface for gas exchange
C.bronchopneumonia
D.alcohol
E.NOTA
A

E

Alcohol depresses respi func –> CO2 accum

24
Q

Differentiate acute respi acidosis fr chronic:

A

chronic does not have acidemia

acute does not have elevated serum bicarbonate

25
Q
Which factor may not cause metabolic alkalosis (gain in bicarbonate)?
A.sodium citrate
B.diuretics
C.vomiting
D.alcohol
A

D

Alcohol –> respi acidosis

26
Q
Which factor may not cause respi alkalosis (loss in CO2)?
A.hypoxemia
B.diuretics
C.pulmonary emboli 
D.pulmonary fibrosis
A

B - for metabolic alkalosis

27
Q

___ receives electron pairs from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 leading to the release of the energy used to synthesize ATP from the phosphorylation of ADP

A

Molecular oxygen

28
Q

Each adult hemoglobin molecule combine reversibly with

up to __ molecules of oxygen

29
Q
The actual amount of oxygen loaded onto hemoglobin depends on all except
A.Concentration and types of hemoglobin 
B.pH 
C.Temperature of the blood 
D.2,3-monophosphoglycerate
A

D

Diphosphoglycerate dapat

30
Q

Identify hemoglobin type
hemoglobin not bound to oxygen but capable of forming
a bond when oxygen is available

A

Deoxyhemoglobin

31
Q
Identify type of hemoglobin
 hemoglobin bound to CO 
(bond between CO and Hb  is reversible but is 200 times 
as strong as the bond between O2
 and Hb)
A

Carboxyhemoglobin

32
Q
Identify type of hemoglobin
hemoglobin unable to bind 
oxygen because iron is in an oxidized rather than reduced state; Fe3
\+ can be reduced by methemoglobin 
reductase (red blood cells)
A

Methemoglobin

33
Q
2,3-diphosphoglycerate - An organophosphate created in \_\_ during 
glycolysis  
A. Leukocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. Thrombocytes
D. AOTA
34
Q
Does not cause increase in 2,3-DPG
A.hypoxaemia
B.anaemia
C.septic shock
D.congestive heart failure
35
Q

In oximeter, pO2 measurement is amperometric – what does this mean?

A

that the amount of

current flow is an indication of the oxygen present

36
Q

pCO2 and pH measurements are potentiometric - what does this mean

A

a

change in voltage indicates the activity of each analyte

37
Q

The actual percent __(O2
d
etermined spectrophotometrically using a CO-oximeter
designed to directly measure the various hemoglobin
species.

A.methemoglobin
B.oxyhemoglobin
C.myoglobin
D.NOTA

38
Q

If the specimen is exposed to air, pH (increases, decreases)

39
Q

If the specimen is RT > 30 min, pH (increases, decreases)

40
Q

If the specimen is RT > 30 min, pCO2 (increases, decreases)

41
Q

If the specimen is exposed to air, pO2(increases, decreases)