Hormones Flashcards
Which is false
A. Proteins have longer half-life than steroids
B. Steroids are bound to carrier protein
C. Steroids have cholesterol as precursor
D. Proteins have big size, that’s why they can’t enter the cell
A - shorter :)
not an amino acid derivative A. epinephrine B. norepinephrine C. thyroxine D. estrogen
D
among amino acid derivatives, which is a bound carrier? A. epinephrine B. norepinephrine C. thyroxine D. estrogen
C
enumerate 3 main actions of hormones
growth and development
regulation of energy production, use and storage
homeostatic control of metabolic pathways
Which endocrine gland secretes melatonin? Indicate also what melatonin does
A.pineal gland
B.anterior pituitary gland
C.posterior pituitary gland
A. Melatonin maintains body’s circadian rhythm & timing + release of female reproductive hormones
Which endocrine gland has hormone prod c/o CNS?
A.pineal gland
B.anterior pituitary gland
C.posterior pituitary gland
C
Which endocrine gland produces mostly peptides/glycoproteins for hormones?
A.pineal gland
B.anterior pituitary gland
C.posterior pituitary gland
B
Differentiate positive feedback from negative feedback
Positive feedback: rate of process increases, product conc increases
Negative feedback: rate of process decreases, product conc increases
False about prolactin
A. acts at the hypothalamus to inhibit GnRH secretion
B. major circulating form: nonglycosylated monomer
C. measured by immunometric assay
D. not affected by diurnal variations
D - highest levels attained during sleep & a nadir occurring bet 10AM and noon
A. Levels of prolactin greater than 200 ng/mL signify: ___
B. enumerate 2 causes of prolactin deficiency
A. prolactinoma
B. pituitary necrosis / pseudohypoparathyroidism
A.pre-dominating species of somatotropin
B.most useful form of somatotropin for GHD deficiency diagosis @
A.IGF-BP3
B.IGF-I
C.Stage 4
How is somatotropin measured? (generally) A.chemiluminescent immunoassay B.insulin tolerance test C.somatomedin C D.glucose suppression test
A
GH deficiency test gold standard A.chemiluminescent immunoassay B.insulin tolerance test C.somatomedin C D.glucose suppression test
A
screening test for acromegaly A.chemiluminescent immunoassay B.insulin tolerance test C.somatomedin C D.glucose suppression test
C
confirmatory test for acromegaly A.chemiluminescent immunoassay B.insulin tolerance test C.somatomedin C D.glucose suppression test
D
Which is false?
A.Thyroid-stimulating hormones push for iodide uptake
B.Fasting serum is used in growth hormone tests
C.Specimen for adrenocorticotropic hormone are stored in polyethylene tubes
C - polystyrene dapat
A.Which part of the posterior pituitary gland produces anti-diuretic hormone?
B.Which part of the posterior pituitary gland produces oxytocin?
A.supraoptic nuclei
B.paraventricular nuclei
A.Oxytocin stimulates contraction of the gravid uterus at term. What is this reflex called?
B.T/F Oxytocin scretion is inhibited by stressful situations
A.Fergusson reflex
B. T
Does not inhibit release of ADH? A.ethanol B.cortisol C.lithium D.emetic
D
A.diagnostic test for ADH abnormality
B.T/F posterior pituitary homrones are synthesized in the hypothalamus
A.overnight water deprivation test
B.T
Which is false?
A.T4 is a major fraction of organic iodine in circulation
B.Elevated thyroxine causes inhibition of TSH secretion
C.Increase in T3 plasma level is the first sign of hypothyroidism
C - hyper dapat
Which thyroid hormone binding protein is also known as transthyretin?
A.thyroxine-binding globulin
B.thyroxine-binding prealbumin
C.thyroxine-binding albumin
B
Which thyroid hormone binding protein transports majority of thyroid hormones?
A.thyroxine-binding globulin
B.thyroxine-binding prealbumin
C.thyroxine-binding albumin
A
Which thyroid hormone binding protein takes care of mostly T3?
A.thyroxine-binding globulin
B.thyroxine-binding prealbumin
C.thyroxine-binding albumin
C
A.Differentiate primary hyperthyroidism from secondary hyperthyroidism
B. what is subclinical hyperthyroidism?
A.primary - elevated thyroid hormones, dec TSH
secondary - increased TSH & T4
B.TSH low, T3 & T4 normal
Differentiate primary, secondary & tertiary hyporthyroidism
primary - deficiency of elemental iodine
secondary - pituitary adenoma
tertiary - hypothalamic disease
A. what is thyrotoxicosis?
B. identify most common cause of thyrotoxicosis
C. how is B diagnosed?
A. caused by high levels of free TH in circulation
B. Grave’s disease
C. TSH Receptor antibody test
A.identify disease where thyroid is replaced by lymphoid tissue
B.screening test result for congenital hypothyroidism
C.confirmatory test result for congenital hypothyroidism
A. Hashimoto’s disease
B. dec T4
C. inc TSH
A.What does your thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test measure?
B.T/F More TRH means hyperthyroidism.
C.T/F TRH test = most impt thyroid func test
A.relationship bet TRH & TSH secretion
B.F - hypo dapat
C.F - TSH dapat
A.Radioactive Iodine Uptake measures ___
B.Reference method for free T4 meas
A.ability of thyroid to trap iodine
B.equilibrium dialysis
Which is false?
A.Decreased TSH does not happen in primary hypothyroidism
B.Decreased amount of thyroid hormones happens in Graves’ disease
C.Decreased TSH happens in Hashimoto’s disease
C -increase dapat
Which is false about parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.As Ca levels increase, PTH secretion accelerates
B.PTH prevents hypocalcemia
C.PTH is produced by smallest endocrine gland in the body
A - dapat suppressed
False about primary hyperparathyroidism
A.due to presence of PT adenoma
B.accompanied by phosphaturia
C.needs Ca supplementation to maintain Ca needs
C - this is for hypoparathyroidism. hypercalcemia ang problem @ primary hyperparathyroidism
Which is false?
A.Renin-angiotensin system controls mineralocorticoids
B.Zona reticularis is the site of mineralocorticoid synthesis
C.Cortisol was synthesized in zona fasciculata
D.Secretions of adrenal gland affect BP
B - zona reticularis is for androstenedione & dehydroepiandrosterone. mineralocorticoids @ zona glomerulosa
False about cortisol A.mostly bound to transcortin B.stimulates gluconeogenesis @ liver C.blood sample not affected by diurnal variation D.metabolites are present @ urine
C - Urine ang di apektado, kaya urine ang the best. Blood sample must be collected @ 8AM
A. Identify disease: due to autoimmune adrenalitis TB, hemorrhage, HIV. this disease leads to primary adrenal insufficiency
B. screening test for primary adrenal insufficiency
A. Addison’s disease
B. ACTH stimulation test
A.most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
B.definitive diagnosis for primary adrenal insufficiency
A.21-hydroxylase deficiency
B.impaired response to ACTH
False about aldosterone
A.main determinant of renal excretion of potassium
B.most potent glucocorticoid
C.controlled by RAS
B - mineralocorticoid dapat
A.What does aldosterone need for synthesis?
B.Primary hyperaldosteronism is also called __
C. diagnostic test for hypoaldosteronism
A.18-hydroxysterol dehydrogenase
B.Conn’s disease
C.furosemide stimulation test
A.screening test for primary hyperaldosteronism
B.confirmatory test for secondary hyperaldosteronism
C.positive result for both
A.plasma aldosterone/renin activity
B.saline suppression test
C.> 5 ng/dL aldosterone
A.precursor of catecholamines
B.highest conc of norepinephrine is in __
C.major metabolite of norepinephrine in CSF & urine
A.L-tyrosine
B.CNS
C.3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol
false about epinephrine A.most abundant medullary hormone B.decreases glucose concentration C.major metabolite is vanillymandelic acid D.produced from norepinephrine
B - increase dapat
false about pheochromocytoma A. tumors of adrenal medulla B. commonly seen in children C. due to overprod of catecholamines D. classic spells include tachycardia and sweating
B - 30s and 50s dapat
false about neuroblastoma
A. decreased production of norepinephrine
B. commonly seen in children
C. positive - high urinary excretion of vanillymandelic acid
A
increased dapat
A. screening test for pheochromocytoma
B. diagnostic test for pheochromocytoma
C. @ radioimmunoassay, identify amount range that is indicative of pheochromocytoma
A. high plasma metanephrines & normetanephrines c/o HPLC
B. high 24h urinary excretion of metanephrines & normetanephrines
C. > 2000 pg/mL
false about receptor-based assays
A. greater sensitivity than both bioassays and immunoassays
B. reflect biological function of the hormone, pero in-vitro
C. simple to perform
A - less sensitive than immunoassays
enumerate 4 ways on how to measure hormone levels
bioassay
receptor-based assay
immunoassay
instrumental
3 instrumental techniques used to measure hormone levels: enumerate
matrix-assisted laser ionization
electrolyte ionization
gas chromatograhy-mass spectrometry
