Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

Which are/is false abt creatinine kinase?
A.reverse rxn is coupled w/pyruvate kinase–LD–NADH system
B.fwd reaction is coupled w/hexokinase– G-6-PD–NADP system C.Rev rxn proceeds 2-6x faster than the fwd rxn
D.Optimal pH for the reverse rxn is 6.8

A

A and B

Baliktad

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2
Q
Does not affect creatinine kinase level
A.Hemolysis
B.Exposure to light  
C.bone mass
D.sex
A

C - muscle dapat

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3
Q
Not part of lactate dehydrogenase diagnostic signif
A.Pernicious anemia
B.acute myocardial infarct
C.skeletal muscle disorder
D.Pancreatitis
A

D

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4
Q

Lactate dehydrogenase: which is mismatched?
A. LD-1 (and LD-2):Cardiac necrosis (AMI) and intravascular hemolysis B.LD-3: CNS involvement and tumors
C.LD-5 (and LD-4): Hepatic/intrahepatic and skeletal muscle disorders
D.LD-6: arteriosclerotic cardiovascular failure; hepatic congestion

A

B - pulmonary dapat

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5
Q

Purpose of lactate dehydrogenase. Be specific abt which is fwd and which is rev

A

interconversion of lactic(fwd) and pyruvic acids (rev) using the coenzyme NAD+

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6
Q

Ref range for lactate dehydrogenase
A.46 to 171 U/L
B.34 to 145 U/L
C.125 to 220 U/L

A

C!
A: creatinine kinase for males
B: creatinine kinase females

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7
Q

A. T/F aspartate aminotransferase is also SGPT & it’s highest @ acute hepatocellular disorders
B. Assay activity of AST is measured via what technique?

A

A - F bc SGOT!!

B - Karmen method

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8
Q

False about Karmen method
A.incorporating a coupled enzymatic reaction using lactate dehydrogenase as the indicator
B.NADH oxidized to NAD+
C.Involves SGOT/AST

A

A:malate dehydrogenase dapat. Lactate dehydrogenase is used for ALT.

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9
Q
Not affected by hemolysis
A.aspartate aminotransferase
B.alanine aminotransferase
C.lactate dehydrogenase
D.acid phosphatase
A

B

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10
Q

Reference level of AST
A.5 to 35 U/L
B.7 to 35 U/L
C.9 to 35 U/L

A

A!

B is for ALT :)

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11
Q

In acute inflammatory conditions of the liver: ALT elevations > AST elevations. WHY

A

because of the longer half-life of ALT in serum

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12
Q
Does not have high amt @ liver
A.creatinine kinase
B.aspartate aminotransferase
C.alanine aminotransferase
D.lactate dehydrogenase
A

A

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13
Q

High alkaline phosphatase in all except
A.healing bone fractures
B.periods of physiologic bone growth C.prostate cancer
D.pregnancy:both physio & complications

A

C - sa acid phosphatase ito

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14
Q

A. method of ALP det!
B. (A) allows calculation of ALP activity based on the molar absorptivity of ___
C. End color of (B)

A

A.Bowers and McComb
B.p-nitrophenol
C. (yellow)

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15
Q

Explain how each affets ALP level
A.Hemolysis
B.Diet
C.Blood Type

A

A.ALP 6x higher in RBC
B.may be 25% after high fat meal
C.blood group B and blood group O are secretors

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16
Q

A. T/F ALP is always higher in males than in females
B. T/F ACP is used to detect prostate cancer
C. T/F γ-Glutamyltransferase is affected by hemolysis

A

A. F! Pag tumanda na ang babae. Mga 60+ :)
B. T
C. F

17
Q

Not part of diagnostic signif of acid phosphatase
A.Useful in forensic clinical chemistry B.Muscle diseases
C.idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

A

B - bone dapat

18
Q

Prostatic ACP: ref range
A.0-1.5 ng/mL
B.0-2.5 ng/mL
C.0 - 3.5 ng/mL

A

C

19
Q
Not a primary source of  γ-Glutamyltransferase 
A.kidney
B.brain
C.prostate
D.pancreas
E.heart
A

E

20
Q

A. - most widely accepted substrate for use in GGT analysis
B.final product of GGT analysis
C. How is (B) formed?

A

A.γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide
B. p-nitroaniline
C.The γ-glutamyl residue is transferred to glycylglycine

21
Q

I.6 to 55 U/L
II.5 to 38 U/L

These are reference ranges for γ-Glutamyltransferase! Which is for male? Which is for female?

A

Male: I
Female: II

22
Q

A.main sources of amylase

B.differentiate Hyperamylasemia & Macroamylasemia. (Note: both have increased amylase levels)

A

A.pancreatic acinar cells & salivary glands
B.Hyperamylasemia - neoplastic diseases with elevated results
Macroamylasemia - results when the AMY combines with Igs to form a complex that is too large to be filtered

23
Q
[Amylase]
Define the ff:
A.Amyloclastic: 
B.Saccharogenic:   
C.Chromogenic:
A

A.measures the disappearance of starch substance
B.Measures the appearance of product C.Measures the increasing color from production of product coupled with a chromogenic dye

24
Q

[Amylase]
Which is false?
A.May be normal in acute pancreatitis with hyperlipemia
B.Morphine and other opiates before blood sampling: falsely lower serum AMY levels
C.amylase is stable in urine & serum
D.Less specific for pancreatic disorders than Lipase measurement

A

B - higher dapat

25
Q

I.28 to 100 U/L
II.1 to 15 U/h

These are serum amylase reference ranges. Which is for urine? Which is for serum?

A

I - serum

II - urine

26
Q
Not a primary location of lipase
A.pancreas 
B.Stomach 
C.liver
D.Small intestine
A

C

27
Q

[Lipase]
This method of measurement uses an olive oil substrate and measures the liberated fatty acids by titration after a 24-hour incubation. Identify

A

Cherry-Crandall Method

28
Q

A.Explain turbidimetric method of measuring lipase

B.enzymes used for colorimetric method of measuring lipase

A

A.As the fats are hydrolyzed by LPS, the particles disperse, and the rate of clearing can be measured as an estimation of LPS activity
B.peroxidase or glycerol kinase

29
Q

Hemolysis increases levels of the ff in serum except
A.aspartate aminotransferase
B.lipase
C.creatinine kinase

A

B

30
Q
Not diagnostic significance of creatinine kinase
A.acute myocardial infection 
B.muscular dystrophy (Duchenne type) 
C.CNS disorders 
D.diabetes mellitus
A

D

31
Q
Not a tissue source of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
A.Adrenal cortex
B.Spleen, thymus, lymph nodes
C.Leukocytes
D.Lactating mammary gland
A

(C - kasi dapat RBC)

32
Q

What is the role of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in RBC?

A

it functions to maintain NADPH in reduced form –> regenerate glutathione (reduced) –> protects Hgb from oxidation

33
Q
not a cause of low Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
A.hemolysis
B.megaloblastic anemia
C.inadequate supply of NADPH
D.myocardial infarction
A

(B & D - cause increase)

34
Q

True about Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
A.Serum: used to assay for deficiency of the enzyme
B.Red cell hemolysate: used to assay elevation in enzyme level
C.Reference range:7.9 to 16.3 U/g Hgb

A

C

A & B: baliktad