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PCP > Poisoning And Overdoses > Flashcards

Poisoning And Overdoses Flashcards

1
Q

What is a poison?

A

A substance which upon contact or being introduced into an organism, impairs or prevents normal metabolic processes from taking place. This affects organs and tissues.

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2
Q

What is an overdose?

A

An excessive dose, it causes acute physical or mental effects occur.

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3
Q

What are 4 routes of entry?

A

Inhalation
Absorption
Injection
Ingestion

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4
Q

What is inhalation?

A

Anything airborne that can be breathed in
Fairly rapid
Most frequent route

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5
Q

What is absorption?

A

Skin and mucous membrane
Includes the eye
Generally slower
Intact skins provide barrier to some but not all poisons.

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6
Q

What affects absorption into systemic circulation?

A

Affected by blood flow/temp to area.
Lipid soluble chemicals more likely to absorb easily through skin.

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7
Q

What is Ingestion?

A

Patient had been awake to take it
Slow absorption
Intentional
Unintentional
Occurs most in children

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8
Q

What is injection?

A

Subcutaneosly, Intramusculary, Intravenously.
IV drug use
Accidental high pressure injection
Through a laceration
Prescribed medication.

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9
Q

What are the factors that effect the degree of poisoning?

A

Concentration
Exposure time
Affinity for tissue
Sensitivity of the exposed tissue
Route of entry
Age
Liver ability

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10
Q

What are some types of alcohol?

A

Isopropanol
Methanol
Ethanol (ETOH)
ETOH withdrawal

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11
Q

What is alcohol ADME?

A

A - PO, absorbed parenterally through inhalation, PR or IV
D - Distributes equally through water carrying potential spaces.
M - metabolizes to Acetaldehyde to ketones.
E - 5% is sweat, urine and respiration. The rest is metabolized.

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12
Q

What is the MOA of alcohol?

A

Binds to GABA, this receptor protein causes CNS depression.
Constant use affects areas responsible for coordination, memory, logic, consciousness, respiration and airway protection.

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13
Q

What is isopropanol?

A

Rubbing alcohol
Antifreeze
Skin lotions
Cleaning products

It has 2-3 times the potency of ethanol and causes more damage to cells.

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14
Q

What is methanol?

A

Is an industrial solvent therefore found in cleaning supplies.
Windshield washer fluid.

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15
Q

What does methanol turns into?

A

Methanol turns into formaldehyde.
This causes irreversible systemic tissue damage including eyes, CNS, kidneys, GI and liver destruction.

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16
Q

What is ethanol?

A

Alcohol
Aftershave
Perfumes
Mouthwashes

17
Q

What is alcohol withdrawal?

A

Chronic alcohol use causes loss of GABA receptors which leaves more excitatory receptors.

18
Q

What is the timeline of alcohol withdrawal?

A

8 hrs - mild symptoms
24-72hrs - moderate symptoms develop, seizures. Worsening mild symptoms.
Up to 7 days - symptoms peak
DT may occur spontaneously
Seizures are highly possible.
Over 7 days - symptoms taper off. May last several weeks.

19
Q

What are symptoms of delirium tremens?

A

Agitation
Delirium
Hallucinations.

20
Q

What are sympathomimetics?

A

Cocaine
Crack cocaine
Amphetamines
Meth
MDMA

21
Q

What does a sympathomimetics do?

A

Causes an increase in serotonin, NE and dopamine in the CNS which leads to feelings of euphoria, excitement and energy.

22
Q

What is a major concern for sympathomimetics?

A

Cardiotoxicity and agitation.

23
Q

What symptoms for sympathomimetics?

A

Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Mydriasis
Hyperthermia
Diaphoresis
Chest pain
Bruxism
HTN

24
Q

What is the strongest type sympathomimetics?

A

Meth - 1250 units of dopamine released in 20 hours.

25
Q

Why are seizures caused by MDMA?

A

Because of the hyponatremia due to the excessive water intake.

26
Q

What are types of depressants?

A

Codeine
Fentanyl
Morphine
Demerol
Heroin

27
Q

What do depressants do?

A

The opiods in the body stimulate Mu, Kappa and Delta receptors.

Causes decreased LOC
Respiratory depression
Miosis
Hypotension

28
Q

What effects do benzodiazepenes have?

A

Sedation
Striated muscle relaxation
Anticonvulsant effects
Vasodilation

29
Q

What are examples of benzodiazepine?

A

Valium, Ativan, Versed and Rophynol.

30
Q

Should you encourage vomiting with household poisons like bleach?

A

NO.

31
Q

What does cyanide poisoning inhibit?

A

It inhibits the mitochondrias ability to create ATP from oxygen.

32
Q

What inhibits cyanide poisoning and gels inactivate it?

A

Vitamin B 12.

33
Q

What are some salicylates?

A

They are used to treat inflammation.
ASA
Bengal topical
Oil of wintergreen
Pesto bismol.

34
Q

What is the lethal dose of acetaminophen?

A

150mg/kg

35
Q

What is the lethal dose of TCAs?

A

8 times the lethal dose.

36
Q

What anticholinergic effects do TCA’s have?

A

Dry as bone
Red as a beet
Mad as a hatter
Hot as a hare
Blind as a bat

37
Q

What is CCCA with TCA’s?

A

Coma
Convulsions
Cardiac arrhythmia
Acidosis

PCP (26 decks)

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