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PCP > Abdominal Emergencies > Flashcards

Abdominal Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What are causes of abdomen pain?

A

Mechanical - distension, pulling and tearing.
Inflammatory - swelling
Ischemic - obstruction of blood flow

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2
Q

What are types of ABD pain?

A

Parietal - intense, localized pain
Visceral - dull, diffuse, cramping

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3
Q

What are some bleeds in GI tract?

A

Upper/Lower GI bleeds
Esophageal varices
Peptic ulcers

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4
Q

What are some inflammatory disorders?

A

Gastritis, gastroenteritis, IBD, diverticulitis and peritonitis.

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5
Q

What are types of accessory organ disorders?

A

Cholecystitis
Pancreatitis
Biliary colic
Appendicitis
Hepatitis

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6
Q

What symptoms are shown for an upper bleed?

A

Coffee ground emesis
Hematemesis
Bright red emesis

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7
Q

What are some examples of upper bleeds?

A

Peptic ulcer
Esophageal varies
Melina
Mallory Weiss tear

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8
Q

What are symptoms of lower bleed?

A

Bright red blood

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9
Q

What are examples of lower bleeds?

A

Ulcers
Hemorrhoids
Trauma

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10
Q

What are peptic ulcers?

A

Ulcers in stomach
Causes are helicobacter pylori
Increased gastric secretions
Decreased mucosal secretions

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11
Q

What causes Esophageal varices?

A

Trauma - high speed tears
Ulcers - caustic ingestion
Persistent/ violent vomiting

Varices - caused by liver cirrhosis which increases hepaportal pressure

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12
Q

What causes gastritis?

A

Inflammation of stomach lining caused by alcohol, foods, drugs, ulcers, infections and bulimia/anorexia.

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13
Q

What causes diverticulitis?

A

Outpouching with infection/inflammation.

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14
Q

What causes gastroenteritis?

A

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the GI tract.

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15
Q

What causes IBD?

A

Ulcerative colitis and crohns disease
Caused by genetic and environmental factors.

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16
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

Inflammation is limited to inner lining of colon.
Periods of remittance and exacerbation

17
Q

What is crohns disease?

A

Inflammation of the Inner lining through the entire thickness of the bowel wall

Creates skipped lesions

18
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum.
True abdominal rigidity
True inability to lay flat
Intense pain

19
Q

What is appendicitis?

A

Inflammation of the appendix
Pain localized to McBurney’s point, starts at umbilicus.

20
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder.
Caused by obstruction by a gallstone usually at the cystic duct.
RUQ pain shoots to Shoulder
Worse with fatty foods

21
Q

What is biliary colic?

A

Gallstones
2 major types are cholesterol gallstones and pigment gallstones

22
Q

How are pigment gallstones formed?

A

Formed in same way as cholesterol gallstones except more RBC are involved due to cirrhosis of liver.

23
Q

What are signs and symptoms for biliary colic?

A

Colicky RUQ pain
Shoulder pain
Worse with fatty foods

24
Q

What is pancreatitis?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas, caused by an obstruction or alcohol.

25
Q

What are signs and symptoms for pancreatitis?

A

Severe upper abdominal pain
Radiating to back
Not eating
N/V
Fever

26
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A

Maintained of blood glucose level
Lipid metabolism
Protein metabolism
Detoxify of drugs and hormones
Excretion of bilirubin
Bile production
Phagocystosis

27
Q

What are the major functions of the kidney?

A

Regualtion of blood volume and composition
Regulation of blood pH
Regulation of hemocrit

28
Q

What are the renal failure stages?

A

Early stage
60% function of normal
Renal insufficiency - 2nd stage
Renal function 25% of normal
End stage Renal failure
Renal function less than 10%
Renal failure

29
Q

What are the common causes of chronic Renal failure?

A

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus

30
Q

What is uremia?

A

Uremia is the buildup of nitrogenous waste that is normally excreted by the kidneys

31
Q

What are stages of acute renal failure?

A

Prerenal - sudden and severe drop in blood pressure
Intrarenal - direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation
Postrenal - sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate.

32
Q

What are UTI’s?

A

Introduction and colonization of bacteria inside of the urethra.

33
Q

What is renal colic?

A

Known as kidney stones.
Metabolic disorder
Build up urea crystals in kidneys
Spasms of ureter as stones pass

34
Q

What are symptoms of renal colic?

A

Extreme colicky pain
Lower abdomen pain or back pain
Dysuria

35
Q

What is PID?

A

Infection of a woman’s reproductive organs.
Infection spreads from cervix to the uterus, fallopian tube, ovaries and surrounding structures.
Most common cause is gonorrhea and chlamydia

36
Q

Symptoms of AAA?

A

Unexplained hypotension
Unexplained syncope
Tearing or ripping pain in ABD or back.

37
Q

What is an ostomy?

A

For patients with gastric resections
It is an opening through the skin of the abdomen into the intestine, where stool is formed.

38
Q

How many times to empty the pouch of an ileostomy?

A

4-6 times a day

39
Q

How many times a day to empty an colostomy pouch?

A

Once a day

PCP (26 decks)

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