A&P GI System

Question 1

What’s in the mouth?

Answer 1

Hard and soft palates
Salivary glands - parotids
Submandibular and sublingual
Tongue and teeth

Question 2

What is the pharynx?

Answer 2

Extends from back of mouth to esophagus.
Contains the oropharynx and nasopharynx

Question 3

What is the esophagus?

Answer 3

Laryngopharynx to the stomach
Mucosa, submucosa, muscular and advertitia.

Question 4

What is stomach?

Answer 4

Four regions
Cardiac, funds, body and pylorus.
Histology
Mucosa, submicosa, muscularis.

Question 5

What are the two sphincters?

Answer 5

Cardiac and pyloric

Question 6

Where is the gastric pits?

Answer 6

Mucosa

Question 7

What is in the gastric pits?

Answer 7

Mucus secreting cells, parietal cells, chief cells and enteroendocrine cells.

Question 8

What is the small intestine?

Answer 8

Begins at pylori sphincter and ends at large intestine
2.5cm diameter and 3m long
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 9

What do the histology have?

Answer 9

Mucosa - Forms fingerlike projections called Villi
Increases surface area
Absorptive area is about 250 square meters

Question 10

What is the largest intestine?

Answer 10

1.5m long from ileum to the Anusara

Contains cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal canal

Question 11

How long is the cecum?

Answer 11

It is 6cm

Question 12

What is the longest portion of the large intestine?

Answer 12

Colon.

Question 13

How long is the rectum?

Answer 13

20cm long, anterior to sacrum and coccyx

Question 14

What controls the anal canal?

Answer 14

Internal sphincter (involuntary) and external sphincter (voluntary)

Question 15

How long is pancreas?

Answer 15

12 - 15 cm long

Question 16

Where do secretions of the pancreas empty to?

Answer 16

It empties into two large ducts.
Pancreatic duct and accessory duct. That empties into the duodenum.

Question 17

How is the liver and gallbladder divided?

Answer 17

By right and left lobe by the falciform ligament.

Question 18

What does the liver and gallbladder covered by?

Answer 18

Visceral peritonuem

Question 19

What are liver cells called?

Answer 19

Hepatocytes

Question 20

What does the gallbladder do ?

Answer 20

It hold bile for the liver

Question 21

What is the pH of bile?

Answer 21

7.6 to 8.6

Question 22

Describe the movement of food in mouth

Answer 22

Mouth chews food, Salivary amylase breaks down starch and food forms lumps called bolus.

Question 23

Movement of food in pharynx

Answer 23

Provides muscular contractions for swallowing. Has a voluntary and involuntary stage

Question 24

Describe food in esophagus

Answer 24

Propels food down through perisitalisis
Mucus produced by esophageal glands
Cardiac sphincter relaxes to allow food to enter stomach

Question 25

Describe the movement of food in stomach

Answer 25

Food is mixed into a soupy liquid called chyme
Salivary amylase is deactivated and lingual lipase is activated which digests triglycerides to fatty acids
Pepsin begins the digestion of proteins

Question 26

Describe the movement of food in the small intestine

Answer 26

Peristaltic movements
Absorb nutrients through the microvilli
Produces intestinal juice which is slightly alkaline
Produces brush- border enzymes which help breakdown carbohydrates

Question 27

Describe the movement of food in the pancreas

Answer 27

Pancreatic juice - contains water, salts, sodium bicarb and several enzymes.
Sodium bicarb buffers acidic gastric juice
Produces enzymes to break down proteins, triglycerides and nucleic acids

Question 28

Describe the movement of food in the liver and gallbladder

Answer 28

Bile plays a big role in emulsification which is the breakdown of large lipid globular into droplets.
Liver has functions such as carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Activation of vitamin D, excretion of bilirubin, storage phagocytosis and processing of drugs and hormones.

Question 29

Describe the movement of food in the large intestine

Answer 29

Perisitalisis
No enzyme secretion
Bacteria is part of final digestion
Vitamin B and K are absorbed here as well as amino acids, water and electrolytes.
After 3-10hrs chyme has been turned into feces

Question 30

Difference between catabolic and anabolic?

Answer 30

Catabolic produce energy and anabolic consumes more energy.

Question 31

Examples of catabolism

Answer 31

Glycolosis and oxidation of glucose

Question 32

Examples of anabolism

Answer 32

Glycogenesis and lipogenesis