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PCP > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

1
Q

What are types of burns?

A

Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
Radiation

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2
Q

How many layers of skin is there?

A

Epidermis
Dermis

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3
Q

What are important functions of the skin?

A

Protection from pathogens
Retention of fluid
Thermoregulation

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4
Q

What are thermal burns?

A

Most common type of burn
Result from exposure to or contact with steam, flames, flash and hot surfaces or hot liquids with a temperature above 115F.

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5
Q

What is an electrical burn?

A

Extremities suffer the most tissue damage because their small size results in higher local current.
Severity depends upon
Type of current
Amount of current
Path of current
Duration of contact with current.

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6
Q

What are some problems with electrical burns?

A

Cardiac dysrhythmias is the number one concern
Common arrhythmia include PVC’s, VT and Vfib which can progress to asystole.
Possible fractures or dislocations are possible.
Muscle and nerve damage.
Blood clots from current passage.

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7
Q

What is a chemical burn?

A

Chemicals that cause burns are either strong acids or bases.
Injuries to the skin as well as internal organs ( such as liver and kidney damage)

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8
Q

What are some common culprits of chemical burns?

A

Bleach
Concrete mix
Drain or toilet bowl cleaners
Metal cleaners
Swimming pool chlorinators.

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9
Q

What are signs and symptoms of a chemical burn?

A

Redness, irritation or burning at the site of contact.
Blisters
Vision changes
SOB
Low blood pressure
Faintness, weakness, dizziness
Muscle twitching or seizures
Cardiac arrest or irregular heartbeat.

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10
Q

How to remove chemical burns?

A

PPE
Remove all pieces of clothing on them
Flush most chemicals with copious amounts of water. Alkali burns may require greater than 30 minutes.
Brush dry chemicals off first before irrigation.

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11
Q

What are three types of radiation burns?

A

Alpha - lowest level
Beta - medium strength
Gamma - powerful, travels through body without hesitation and nearly impossible to protect from (X-rays)

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12
Q

What is an inhalation injury?

A

CO poisoning, heat inhalation or smoke inhalation.
Most frequent injuries occur when pt is trapped or confined to a small space.

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13
Q

What is the affinity of CO to hemoglobin than oxygen?

A

257 times stronger.

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14
Q

What are symptoms of CO poisoning?

A

Altered LOC
Normal skin colour and condition.
Headache, irritability, dizziness and fainting.
SOB

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15
Q

What does heat inhalation damage?

A

Upper airways.
Tissue swelling occurs just as it does with surface burns.

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16
Q

Where does the burn occur?

A

Supraglottic airway.

17
Q

What is a first degree burn?

A

Involves the epidermis only
Also called superficial burn.

18
Q

What are symptoms of a first degree burn?

A

Redness
Tenderness
Pain
No blisters
Skin intact

19
Q

What is a 2nd degree burn?

A

Involves epidermis and some layer of the dermis.
Called a partial thickness burn.

20
Q

What is a 3rd degree burn?

A

Involves entire epidermis and dermis. Also called a full thickness burn.

21
Q

What are symptoms of a 3rd degree burn?

A

White leathery appearance with underlying clotted vessels
Anesthetic
Charred.

22
Q

What are the numbers for rule of nines?

A

Head - 9
Chest - 18
Abdomen - 18
Groin - 1
Arm - 9
Leg - 18

23
Q

What is the criteria for a burn centre?

A

Any burn involving 20% or greater BSA
Any full thickness burn involving 5% or greater BSA
Any partial thickness burn to the face, neck, hands, genitalia, perineum or involving a major joint or feet.
Any burn with potential airway involvement.
Any high voltage electrical burn - non residential.
Chemical burns.
Radiation burns.

24
Q

What is the parkland formula?

A

4cc × kg × BSA.

25
Q

Do you start IVs on severely burned extremities?

A

No.

26
Q

What are the indication for dry sheets vs moist dressing?

A

Burns 10% or greater is clean, dry sheets.
Burns less than 10% apply clean moist dressing.

PCP (26 decks)

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