A&P Urinary System Flashcards
Where are the kidneys located?
They are bean-shaped organs that are located in the retroperitoneal space.
Between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae
What is the renal hilus?
It is where the ureter leaves the kidney as do the blood vessels, lymph vessel and nerves
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephrons
How does the urine drain?
Collecting tubules into papillary ducts, into a calyx, the renal pelvis and finally the ureter.
What are the two types of nephrons?
Cortical and juxtamedullary
What are the nephrons made up of?
Large terminal end, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henley and the distal convoluted tubule.
What forms the renal corpuscle?
Bowmans capsule and glomerulus.
What are ureters?
Extend from renal pelvis to bladder
Enters the trigone area of the bladder
25 to 30cm long
What type of muscle is found in the ureter?
Smooth muscle
What is the bladder?
Distensible muscular organ
Held in place by peritoneum
What is the detrusor muscle also known as?
Muscularis of bladder
What reflex leads to urination?
Mictuirion reflex
What is the position of bladder in males?
Directly anterior to rectum
What is the position of bladder in females?
Anterior to vagina and inferior to uterus.
What is the urethra?
Tube leading from bladder to exterior of body
How long is the urethra in females?
4cm
How long is the urethra in males?
15-20cm long
How does filtration work in the kidneys?
Blood flowing through glomerulus exerts pressure.
Pressure pushes water and small dissolved substances out of blood into the bowmans capsule.
How does reabsorption work in the kidneys?
Filtration leaves capsule and convoluted tubulenand then loop of Henle and then distal tubule.
What is the rate that filtration occurs at?
125L/min
What hormones help in regulating water and solute concentration?
Angiotensin 2, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone and ANP
How does secretion work in the kidneys?
Process by which certain substances are moved into the urine in the distal tubule and collecting duct from the blood.
Which substances are secreted?
H+, K+, Na+, ammonia and certain drugs
