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Resp > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

Whats associated with high fever, rapid onset and herpes liabilis

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

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2
Q

what bacteria is common in COPD patients?

A

haemophilus influenza

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3
Q

what is pneumonia?

A

an infection of the lower resp tract causing inflammation of the alvelar sacs

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4
Q

symptoms?

A
  • fever
  • rigors
  • malaise
  • anorexia
  • dyspnoea
  • cough
  • purulent sputum
  • haemoptysis
  • pleuritic pain
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5
Q

signs ?

A
  • fever
  • cyanosis
  • tachypnoea
  • tachycardia
  • hypotension
  • pleural rub
  • signs of consolidation (dull percussion, diminished expansion)
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6
Q

investigations?

A
  • blood culture
  • CXR
  • ABGS
  • sputum sample
  • bloods
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7
Q

Why is a blood culture done?

A

to determine what type of pneumonia it is

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8
Q

what would be seen on CXR?

A

new shadowing

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9
Q

Why are ABGS done?

A

to confirm type 1 or type 2 resp failure

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10
Q

what type of pneumonia uses CURB 65 to determine the severity

A

community acquired pneumonia

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11
Q

what does CURB 65 stand for

A 
C- new onset of confusion
U- urea>7
R- rr>30
B-  bp systolic <90, diastolic <60
age >65
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12
Q

Score 0-1 CURB 65

A

treat as outpatient

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13
Q

Score 2 CURB 65

A

treat at hospital

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14
Q

Score 3+ CURB 65

A

severe and often require ITU

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15
Q

Complications of pneumonia?

A
  • resp failure
  • pleural effusions
  • empyema
  • death
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16
Q

pathogens in community acquired pneumonia

A
  • streptococcus pneumoniae
  • haemophilus influenza
  • mycoplasma pneumoniae
17
Q

bacteria most common in young people

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

18
Q

bacteria most common in old

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

19
Q

bacteria most common in bird owners

A

chlamydia Psittaci

20
Q

bacteria most common in sheep workers

A

coxiella burnetti

21
Q

bacteria associated with red jelly sputum

A

klebsiella pneumonia

22
Q

bacteria associated with rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

23
Q

bacteria associated with COPD exacerbations

A

haemophilus influenza

24
Q

bacteria associated with returning travelers

A

legionella pneumophila

25
Q

Treatment for CURB 65 rating 0

A 
amoxicillin (500mg x3 daily)
OR
clarithromycin (500mg x2 daily)
OR if allergic to penicillin
Doxycycline (200mg loading dose then x1 100mg)
ALL ORAL
26
Q

Treatment for CURB 65 rating 1-2

A

Amoxicillin (500mg x3 daily) AND
Clarithromycin (500mg x2 daily)
OR if allergic to penicillin
Doxycycline (200mg loading dose, 100mg x1 daily)

27
Q

Treatment for CURB 65 rating 3-5

A 
Co-amoxiclav (IV 1.2g x3 daily) 
AND
Clarithromycin (IV 500mg x2 daily)
OR if allergic to penicillin
Cephalosporin IV AND clarithromycin (500mg x2 daily)
28
Q

What should be added to treatment if suspected legionella pneumoniae?

A

fluoroquinolones

29
Q

What is hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Patient contracts pneumonia atleast 48 hours after being admitted in hospital

30
Q

What organisms usually cause early onset hospital acquired pneumonia? (<4 days in hospital)

A
  • streptococcus pneumonia
  • haemophilus influenzae
  • staph aureus
31
Q

What organisms usually cuase late onset hospital acquired pnuemonia>

A
  • all of the early onset
  • Klebsiella Pneumonia
  • Legionella pneumoniophilia
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
32
Q

Treatment for early onset hospital acquired pneumonia

A

Narrow spectrum antibiotics

  • Co amoxiclav
  • Cefrtriaxone
  • Ciprofloxacin
33
Q

Treatment for late onset hospital acquired pneumonia

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics

  • gentamycin
  • vancomycin
  • antipseudomonal cephaloisporin
34
Q

Whats aspiration pneumonia?

A

Pneumonia caused by breathing vomit, a foreign object or a harmful substance

35
Q

Treatment for aspiration pneumonia?

A

Co amoxiclav will cover gram neg and anaerobic bacteria but would be better to check exactly what bacteria using culture

36
Q

according to NICE guidelines, how should the patient respond to treatment from week 1 - month 6

A 
week 1- fever resolve
week 4- chest pain and sputum reduced
week 6- cough and sputum reduced
month 3- most symptoms resolved, only tired
month 6- back to normal

Resp (40 decks)

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