Pneumo Flashcards
Nommer 10 causes d’hémoptysie
Airway Disease
Bronchitis (acute or chronic)
Bronchiectasis
Neoplasm (primary and metastatic)
Trauma
Foreign body
Parenchymal Disease
Tuberculosis (TB)
Pneumonia, lung abscess
Fungal infection
Neoplasm
Vascular Disease
Pulmonary embolism
Arteriovenous malformation
Aortic aneurysm
Pulmonary hypertension
Vasculitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis, systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], Goodpasture’s syndrome)
Hematologic Disease
Coagulopathy (cirrhosis or warfarin therapy)
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Platelet dysfunction
Thrombocytopenia
Cardiac Disease
Congenital heart disease (especially in children)
Valvular heart disease
Endocarditis
Miscellaneous
Cocaine
Postprocedural injury
Tracheal-arterial fistula
SLE
Dx graves:
Critical Diagnoses
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)
Tracheo-innominate artery fistula (TIF)
Aortobronchial fistula
Iatrogenic (postprocedural) hemoptysis
Pulmonary embolism
Emergent Diagnoses
Trauma
Bronchiectasis
Pneumonia
Abscess/fungal infection
Oral anticoagulant overdose
Endocarditis
Nommer 10 FR de décès en asthme
Asthma History
Previous severe exacerbation (intubation or ICU admission for asthma)
Two or more hospitalizations for asthma in the past year
Three or more ED visits for asthma in the past year
Hospitalization or an ED visit for asthma in the past month
Use of more than two MDI short-acting beta-2 agonist canisters per month
Requiring three or more classes of asthmatic medication
Current use of or recent withdrawal from systemic corticosteroids
Difficulty perceiving asthma symptoms or severity of exacerbations
Social History
Low socioeconomic status or inner-city residence
Serious psychosocial problems
Alcohol or illicit drug use, especially inhaled cocaine and heroin
Comorbidities
Cardiovascular disease
Other chronic lung disease
Chronic psychiatric disease
Nommer 10 dxd de l’asthme
Cardiac conditions
Valvular heart disease
Congestive heart failure
COPD exacerbation
Pulmonary infection
Pneumonia
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Löffler’s syndrome
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
Upper airway obstruction
Laryngeal edema
Laryngeal neoplasm
Foreign body
Vocal cord dysfunction
Endobronchial disease
Neoplasm
Foreign body
Bronchial stenosis
Pulmonary embolus
Cystic fibrosis
Carcinoid tumor
Allergic/anaphylactic reaction
Adverse drug reaction (ACE inhibitors)
Miscellaneous conditions
Churg-Strauss syndrome
GERD
Hyperventilation with panic attack
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
Addison’s disease
Invasive worm infection
Indices objectifs d’asthme sévère
Nommer 4 mécanismes d’action du Mg en bronchospasme
E2nd
- blocage canaux Ca
- libération NO
- effet anti cholinergique
- stabilisation mastocytes et lymphocytes T
Side effects of magnesium infusion are dose related and include warmth, flushing, sweating, nausea and emesis, muscle weakness and loss of deep tendon reflexes, hypotension, and respiratory depression
Nommer les 4 entités reliés à la sensibilité à l’aspirine
Asthme
Polypes nasaux
sinusite éosinophiles
Sensibilité aspirine
Asthme sévère et non contrôlé - définition
Asthme périmenstruel
Estradiol permet d’inhiber la dégranulation des éosino et effet antileucotriène. La baisse d’estradio dans la phase lutéal est suspectée dans la pathophysio
Progestérone: bronchodilatateur et effet anti-infllammatoire. Diminution progestérone pré-menstruation
Différence a/n physiopatho entre asthme et MPOC
In asthma, the cellular response is largely eosinophil-mediated, whereas in COPD, neutrophils, CD8+ lymphocytes, and macrophages predominate in bronchial washings
Nommer 15 causes de détérioration d’un patient MPOC
Acute Exacerbations
Infectious
Viral
Rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, influenza virus
Bacterial
Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Atypical bacteria
Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella
Air Pollution
Nitrogen dioxide
Ozone
Particulates, dust
Other Critical Events
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Lobar atelectasis
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Pneumonia
Pulmonary compression (eg, obesity, ascites, gastric distention, pleural effusion)
Trauma (eg, rib fractures, pulmonary contusion)
Neuromuscular and metabolic disorders
Unrelated treatable chronic pulmonary disease (bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis)
Noncompliance with prescribed treatment regimens
Iatrogenic
Inadequate therapy
Inappropriate therapy (eg, deleterious drugs)
Nommer indications et CI de la VNI
Indications de VM
Respiratory arrest
Worsening level of consciousness despite maximal therapy*
Cardiovascular instability (shock, heart failure)*
NIPPV failure or exclusion criteria (see Table 64.3)
Severe dyspnea with use of accessory muscles and paradoxical abdominal motion*
Severe tachypnea*
Life-threatening hypoxia
Severe acidosis and hypercapnia*
Other complications (metabolic abnormalities, sepsis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism [PE], barotraumas, massive pleural effusion
DxD infectieux de pharyngite
Nommer 10 causes de PTX secondaires
Airway Disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Asthma
Cystic fibrosis
Infections
Necrotizing bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Interstitial Lung Disease
Sarcoidosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Lymphangiomyomatosis
Tuberous sclerosis
Pneumoconioses
Neoplasms
Primary lung cancers
Pulmonary or pleural metastases
Miscellaneous
Connective tissue diseases
Pulmonary infarction
Endometriosis, catamenial pneumothorax
Comment distinguer un PTX petit, moyen et grand?
However, precise quantification is often inaccurate and, in general, it is more reasonable simply to characterize the pneumothorax as small, moderate, large, or total. British Thoracic Society guidelines define size based on measurement of the interpleural distance at the level of the hilum: small, less than 1 cm; moderate, 1 to 2 cm; and large, more than 2 cm. The American College of Chest Physicians measures from the apex to the cupola—small is less than 3 cm, and large is more than 3 cm
Nommer les 4 causes les plus fréquentes d’épanchement pleural en ordre
The most common cause of pleural effusions in the West countries is congestive heart failure, followed by malignancy, bacterial pneumonia, and PE
Nommer 20 causes d’épanchement pleural
Transudates
Congestive heart failure
Cirrhosis with ascites
Nephrotic syndrome
Hypoalbuminemia
Myxedema
Peritoneal dialysis
Glomerulonephritis
Superior vena cava obstruction
Pulmonary embolism
Exudates
Infections
Bacterial pneumonia
Bronchiectasis
Lung abscess
Tuberculosis
Viral illness
Neoplasms
Primary lung cancer
Mesothelioma
Pulmonary or pleural metastases
Lymphoma
Connective Tissue Disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Abdominal or Gastrointestinal Disorders
Pancreatitis
Subphrenic abscess
Esophageal rupture
Abdominal surgery
Miscellaneous Conditions
Pulmonary infarction
Uremia
Drug reactions
Postpartum
Chylothorax
Nommer critères de Light et pH habituels…
A pleural fluid pH less than 7.3 is associated with parapneumonic effusions, malignancies, rheumatoid effusions, tuberculosis, and systemic acidosis. A pH less than 7.0 strongly suggests empyema or esophageal rupture and is generally taken to be an indication for tube thoracostomy.
Pleural fluid is considered an exudate if one or more of the following conditions are met:
1.
Pleural fluid protein level/serum protein level exceeds 0.5.
2.
Pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level/serum LDH level exceeds 0.6.
3.
Pleural fluid LDH level exceeds two-thirds of the upper limit of normal for the serum LDH level.
