PMP TEST 3

Question 1

1A key characteristic of a High-Performing team is that team members:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Are familiar with each other

Have a shared understanding of the project

Live in the same location

Have the same cultural background

Answer 1

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

High-performing teams have a shared understanding of and commitment to the project.

Question 2

2A project team is performing the work of the project to achieve its objectives. Which of the following is not potentially a project team?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Project management staff who perform budgeting and reporting.

Project staff who create project deliverables.

Customer representatives who provide requirements

Stakeholder group

Answer 2

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Stakeholder group is the larger group of people and organisations and not all are part of the project team

Question 3

3A project manager is performing project resource management. Which of the following is NOT a critical part of this activity?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Obtain people

Facilitate interactions

Develop project scope

Manage team personnel changes

Answer 3

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Project scope is part of Plan and Manage Scope while Project Resource management is concerned with the team.

Question 4

4Your project manager is working on preparing a stakeholder register. Who among the following would be his least priority?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Sponsor of your project

Functional managers for team members

Director of procurement in your organisation

Project team member of a competing organization

Answer 4

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Sponsor, functional managers for team members and Director of procurement in the organisation are relevant stakeholders to consider as they can have direct impact on the project. A project team member of a competing organization might be the least of his priority while identifying and developing an appropriate stakeholder engagement strategy for a project.

Question 5

5A project manager has been working with the team on task assignment and following were the final assignments for developing project management plan: John and Steve were assigned as Responsible for the task William and James were assigned as Accountable for the task. Jacob was identified as the SME and was marked under Consult Program Manager Jack was marked under Informed of the RACI chart. Which of the following statements are true about RACI chart
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Chart cannot have more than one person assigned for Responsible

Chart cannot have more than one person assigned as Accountable

Chart cannot have more than one person assigned as Informed

Chart cannot have more than one person assigned for Consulted

Answer 5

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

We have only one person assigned for Accountable in RACI chart

Question 6

6Project ABC is geographically distributed and has members from different backgrounds. Project manager Sam is working on building a productive climate for the team. Which of the following is not an attribute of diversity and inclusion?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Team members using a local language in project communication

Team members being conscious of group contrasts

Objecting to discrimination and bigotry

Establishing conditions where different types of groups can thrive

Answer 6

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

Communication is one of the key challenges in virtual teams. The team should agree on a common language to be used which is conducive to members of all regions. The team members using the local language in project communication can be detrimental to the team as not all of them might understand the local language if the team is geographically distributed.

Question 7

7A project team along with their project manager are working on identifying activity resources. Which of the following do you need to consider while producing a resource calendar?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Working days and holidays

Availability of physical resources

Attributes like skills and geographies

All of the above

Answer 7

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Resource calendar includes all of the above, along with identifying details of when and how long the resources are available for the project.

Question 8

8Virtual teams could be ideal for geographically distributed projects, but they have their certain challenges. Which of the following is a challenge for virtual teams?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Recruiting experts from all around the globe

Bonding with geographically dispersed team members

Higher cost of operations

Lack of information radiators to help share information

Answer 8

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Virtual teams are groups of people with shared goals with little or no time spent on face-to-face interactions. These teams are distributed across geographies with occasional physical meetings, while some never get a face-to-face meeting. Bonding and team identification can be difficult because finding ways to provide a sense of team spirit and cooperation is difficult compared to a co-located team.

Question 9

9Key members of a project are in the process of defining and assigning individual and team responsibilities. Which of the following is most critical for this team while the project management method is still not finalized?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Understanding the location and time zone of team members

Knowing the attitudes of team members

Having open communication and effective collaboration

Skill and experience of team members

Answer 9

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Project responsibilities within a team Open communications and effective collaboration are critical regardless of the specific project management method chosen

Question 10

10A project team is trying to agree on actions that are acceptable and unacceptable in the project management context. This is done to set expectations for performance and decrease risk of confusion. Which of the following stakeholders are an important part of this?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Project sponsors

Customer representatives

Project management staff

Project team members

Answer 10

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Team charter and ground rules should be produced by the team or at least with the teams active participation

Question 11

11Negotiations ensure mutual understanding prior to entering a contract. Which of the following might not be included in the agreement documents?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Statement of Work

Benefits management

Subcontractor approvals

Termination clauses

Answer 11

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Statement of work, subcontractor approvals, and termination clauses should be included in the agreement document.

Question 12

12An important feature in Agile is to maintain a prioritized list of backlog. Which of the following is NOT a prioritization technique?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Monte Carlo simulation

Kano model

MoSCoW analysis

100 Points Method

Answer 12

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

Monte Carlo simulation is a technique used to understand the impact of risk and uncertainty in prediction and forecasting models.

Question 13

13It is critical to understand the required competencies when forming and developing high-performing teams. Which of the following is used to determine team weaknesses?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

KANO model

PERT

SWOT

100 Points Method

Answer 13

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

SWOT is a technique used to analyze Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Project manager can leverage SWOT analysis to improve overall team performance as well as challenges, that the team will need to overcome for better performance

Question 14

14Estimations are fundamental in every project. Which of the following is used as an estimate in Agile projects?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Absolute time estimate

Relative measures

Three point estimate

Hours of effort

Answer 14

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Story Point estimating uses relative measures, which can be helpful as an integrated assessment to provide time estimates.

Question 15

15Teams in Agile approach take accountability to ensure that all the work required for an iteration is delivered. Which of the following statements is not true?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Agile teams are self-organized.

Task accountability need not be tracked.

Team members pull work for an iteration.

User stories are decomposed into required tasks.

Answer 15

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Accountability of tasks should be tracked in an Agile approach.

Question 16

16Tuckman’s ladder model describes 5 stages of team development . Which of the following is not true about this model?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Teams are in the Forming stage at the beginning.

Team disperse as part of the Adjourning stage.

Conflicts are high during Storming stage

Teams do not find themselves returning to a stage once they have passed it.

Answer 16

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Teams find themselves returning to one or more stages at different times in a project. Strong innovative people will disagree from time to time.

Question 17

17The Project Manager of a team observes that the project team is spending too much time during standups though this is meant to be a 15-minute ceremony every day. What could be the possible cause of this?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Team members might not be sticking to the agenda

The team might be trying to find solutions to problems that were brought up.

Team might not be making effective use of parking lot to discuss issues post the standup meeting

All of the above

Answer 17

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Standup meetings should be focusing on the following 3 questions for every team member and are typically timeboxed for 15 minutes: What did you do yesterday? What will you do today? Are there any impediments?

Question 18

18It is important to have a clear vision for every project. Sam states that Vision is about bridging the gap between where we are and where we want to be. John mentions that Vision is about satisfying customer needs based on the requirements provided. Vinod says that Vision is only meant for the organization as a whole and not required for a project. Joe states that Vision is a desired end state. Who among them is correct about Vision?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Sam and John

Vinod and Joe

Joe

Vinod

Answer 18

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Vision is a desired end-state and it is critical to have a clear vision of the desired end objectives for a new project.

Question 19

19Project Charter is a document issued by the:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Project Team

Sponsor

Project Manager

None of the above

Answer 19

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Project Charter is a document issued by the Sponsor or project initiator

Question 20

20Agile has certain ceremonies like daily standup, sprint review, and sprint retrospective. Which of the following is not true about the ceremonies?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Daily standups are status meetings.

Sprint planning is a collaborative event for planning the project release.

Both A and B are wrong

Both A and B are correct

Answer 20

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Sprint planning plans the work for the current sprint, not an entire project. Daily standups are not status meetings. The are required for a team to reaffirm commitment to its objectives, coordinate work among team members, and surface potential blockers.

Question 21

21Kanban board is a tool that: (Mark all correct choices)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER(S)

Enables teams to create WBS

Helps identify bottlenecks

Helps in project selection

Works as an information radiator

Answer 21

Correct Option:B, D

EXPLANATION

Kanban board is a visualization tool that enables improvements to the flow of work by making bottlenecks and work quantities visible

Question 22

22Fist of five technique is used for building consensus. A fist is a statement of:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Agreement with a team’s conclusion

Strong disagreement

General agreement with minor questions

Minor disagreement

Answer 22

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

A fist (or 0 fingers) is a strong statement of disagreement and will require adjudication.

Question 23

23A project team is discussing story points to be used for estimates. Which of the following is correct when it comes to story points?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Story points must strictly follow the Fibonacci sequence.

A story point of 5 indicates a day’s work.

The team decides on the benchmark for story points.

8 story points indicate 8 hours of effort.

Answer 23

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Story points are unit-less and attempt to capture the overall impact of work. The team agrees on a benchmark based on known level of work which can be used for relative comparison.

Question 24

24XP Metaphor describes a common vision on how a program works. Metaphors are not intended to be:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Simple

Technical

Helpful in understanding the overarching approach

Easily understood by a broad array of stakeholders

Answer 24

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Metaphors should be simple and non-technical to enable a large array of stakeholders to understand the overall program.

Question 25

25Which is of the following techniques puts customers/stakeholders in the position of a marketer of the product?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

XP Metaphor

Product box exercise

Planning poker

None of the above

Answer 25

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Product Box Exercise gets stakeholders to describe aspects of a solution in the same way a marketer might describe product features and benefits. It helps team understand the most critical value aspects of the solution.

Question 26

26Customer ABC has a project requirement where they are not certain about the end product but would like to progress based on feedback and review of the development. Customer XYZ is clear about the requirements and has provided a detailed document of expectations along with the requirements. Which of the following methodologies would you follow for these customers?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Predictive for customer ABC and Plan-Driven for customer XYZ

Predictive for both customers

Waterfall for customer ABC and Agile for customer XYZ

Predictive for customer XYZ and Agile for customer ABC

Answer 26

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Agile methodology relies on customer feedback and collaboration to make progress and is best suited when the requirements for the entire project are not very clear.

Question 27

27A senior member from the portfolio team of your organization has requested you to prepare a document to validate the benefits of a component since they do not have enough information. Which document would you prepare in this case?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Project implementation plan

Business needs document

Charter

Business Case

Answer 27

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Business case is a documented economic feasibility study used to establish the validity of the benefits of a selected component when there is a lack of sufficient information.

Question 28

28Agile Practice Guide categorizes project life cycle into 2 major types:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Agile and Predictive

Predictive and Adaptive

Predictive and Incremental

Incremental and Iterative

Answer 28

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Two major types of project life cycle as per Agile Practice Guide are predictive and adaptive.

Question 29

29Which of the following characterizes Adaptive life cycle as per Agile Practice Guide? Choose the best answer.
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Iterative

Incremental

Agile

All of the above

Answer 29

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Adaptive life cycle is Iterative, Incremental. and Agile

Question 30

30You are nominated as a project manager and presented an overview of the project in which the outcome is well understood and cost is determined in the early phase. Which lifecycle represents this the best?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Agile

Iterative

Predictive

Incremental

Answer 30

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

A predictive life cycle is one in which project scope, time and cost are determined in the early phases of the life cycle. This cycle is preferred when the project outcomes are well understood and known.

Question 31

31Which technique allows a large number of ideas to be classified into groups for analysis?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Mind mapping

Affinity diagram

Plurality

Benchmarking

Answer 31

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Affinity diagram is a technique that allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis.

Question 32

32A project manager requests his subject matter experts to build visuals to represent the project outcome with an intent to illustrate the functioning of a product. Which of the following is the project manager expecting from the SMEs?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Work breakdown structure

Storyboarding

Join application design

Quality function deployment

Answer 32

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Storyboarding is a prototyping method that can use visuals or images to illustrate a process or represent a project outcome.

Question 33

33Planning packages in WBS are:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Activities meant for creating a plan

Components of known content without detailed schedule activities

Components in WBS with detailed steps to achieve a deliverable

All of the above

Answer 33

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Planning package is a WBS component below the control account with known work content but without detailed schedule activities

Question 34

34Code of Accounts in WBS is used:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

As a management control point

As a tracking system by finance to verify costs

As a work package with dependencies

To identify components

Answer 34

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

A code of accounts is a numbering system used to uniquely identify each component of the WBS.

Question 35

35Which of the following can a Scope Baseline include?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Cost baseline

Benefits plan

Planning package

Business case

Answer 35

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

A scope baseline may include any of the following components: Project scope statement, WBS, Work package, Planning package, WBS dictionary

Question 36

36Work and activities from the WBS can be placed in backlogs. Which of the following is correct about backlogs?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

A product backlog is a list of all expected work.

A product backlog changes throughout the project.

Backlog items are added as necessary.

All of the above

Answer 36

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

The product backlog is essentially a list of all expected work to deliver the product. A project’s product backlog changes throughout the project based on prioritization.

Question 37

37User stories are written by:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Product owner

Anyone in the project team

Customer representatives

Project lead who assigns the work

Answer 37

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

User stories can be written by anyone in the team

Question 38

38A typical user story contains:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Risks

Constraints

Assumptions

Value

Answer 38

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

User stories describe the value/objective.

Question 39

39Which of the following is NOT a tool/technique for verifying scope?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Definition of Done

Definition of Ready

Acceptance Criteria

Team review comments

Answer 39

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

DOD, DOR, and Acceptance criteria are tools and techniques for verifying the scope.

Question 40

40A project manager is reviewing a checklist of all the criteria required to be met so that a deliverable can be considered ready for customer use. What is the checklist called?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Definition of Ready

Validation of Scope

Definition of Done

Acceptance Criteria

Answer 40

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Definition of Done is a team’s checklist of all the criteria required to be met so that a deliverable can be considered ready for customer use.

Question 41

41A few team members are determining the cause and degree of difference between a baseline and actual performance. The team is involved in:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Trend analysis

Variance analysis

Acceptance analysis

Assumption analysis

Answer 41

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Variance Analysis is a technique for determining the cause and degree of difference between the baseline and actual performance.

Question 42

42A project team has identified all the WBS elements and has completed its estimates. The project manager is now working toward creating a cost baseline. Which of the following should not be considered for this?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Cost estimates of WBS elements

Contingency reserve

Management reserve

Cost estimate of software licenses

Answer 42

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

A cost baseline is the approved version of the time-phased project budget, excluding any management reserves.

Question 43

43A charter for a simple project without much dependency is approved, and the team is working on Iterative scheduling. Which of the following is NOT true about Iterative scheduling?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

The method uses progressive elaboration

Iterative scheduling works best for complex projects with dependency

Stories that provide the highest value are prioritized

Stories are prioritized based on how long they take

Answer 43

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Iterative scheduling with a backlog does not work well with activities that have complex dependency relationships.

Question 44

44Which of the following is not true about Agile release planning?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Agile does not have release planning since its focus is on sprints.

Release planning determines the number of iterations needed.

Release planning determines features that each iteration will contain.

Release planning determines target date for each release.

Answer 44

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

Agile release planning is a process in which you determine the number of iterations that are needed to complete each release, features that each iteration will contain, and target dates of each release.

Question 45

45When do we use Agile methodologies in a project?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

During Initiation and Conclusion

During Execution

During Monitoring and Control

All of the above

Answer 45

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Agile is a framework used across the lifecycle of the project.

Question 46

46Project Manager Rachel is preparing for a phase gate review, and some of her peers are concerned because the project does not have any product deliverables. Which of the following is correct about phase gates?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Every phase gate must have a product ready for customer inspection.

Phase gates are overhead and do not serve any purpose.

Phase gates are required only at the end of a project, before delivering the product to a customer.

A phase gate is a review at the end of a phase.

Answer 46

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Phase gate, also known as governance gate, is a review at the end of a phase in which a decision is made to continue to the next phase.

Question 47

47An Agile team is preparing for its retrospective. Which of the following is NOT correct about retrospectives?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

A retrospective is a review of what went well

A retrospective is a review of what could have been done better

A retrospective assesses team collaboration.

The product owner is not included as this is for the agile team

Answer 47

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

A retrospective meeting consists of the agile team, product owner, and key stakeholders

Question 48

48Which of the following is correct about Minimum Viable product?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

It is used to determine a usable product for the customer

Low hanging activities in a logical order

Activities required to build basic infrastructure for the team such as office, seating, and administrative details.

Meant only for agile teams to logically align their activities

Answer 48

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

Minimum Viable product is used to determine a usable product for the customer in each increment and understand the core value sought by the project.

Question 49

49Minimum business increment best works for:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

A new product ideation

Creating MVP for a new product release

Products that are live and in-use

None of the above

Answer 49

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Minimum Business Increment works best when the product and functions are understood or for improving products that are live and in-use.

Question 50

50Which of the following is NOT true about timeboxes?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Keep the team focused

Help project teams set up time blocks

Allow for better telemetry over time

Help project manager set working hours for teams

Answer 50

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Timeboxes are typically in the form of week or days. They help keeping the team focused and help provide better telemetry over time.

Question 51

51Diversity is an important element to implement effective leadership. One should be aware that the working style of individuals varies based on:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Experience

Job role

Age

All of the above

Answer 51

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Motivations and working styles of individuals and groups vary greatly based on their experiences, age, culture, job roles, and many more influencers.

Question 52

52Which of the following is not a trait of servant leadership?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Providing coaching

Removing impediments

Facilitating and guiding

Having the team work for you

Answer 52

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Servant leadership is where you work for the team; the team does not work for you.

Question 53

53Value stream mapping is used to:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Develop earned value management

Develop expected monetary value

Analyze flow of information

Compute overall value of the project

Answer 53

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Value stream mapping is used to document, analyze, and improve the flow of information or materials required to provide a product or service for a customer.

Question 54

54A project team is discussing daily standup meeting since some of them are new to this. Which of the following is not true about daily standups?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

They are best conducted at the start of working hours.

Only team members facing impediments are required to attend

They are typically short, 15-minute meetings.

All team members focus on 3 basic questions.

Answer 54

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Daily Standup meetings should be conducted at the start of working hours, and the presence of all team members involved in the Sprint is mandatory.

Question 55

55Impediments and blockers can be identified at various stages by the team. Which of the following is NOT true about impediments?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Can be uncovered during daily standups.

Can be represented using sticky notes on a whiteboard

Can be tracked using sophisticated software

Cannot be a result of project risks

Answer 55

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Impediments may be due to or as a result of project risks or issues.

Question 56

56A team charter is a document that supports a productive project environment. Which of the following is NOT true about team charter?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Is a document

Records agreements of team members

Authorizes a project

Records team values

Answer 56

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

A team charter is defined s a document that records the team values, agreements and operating guidelines as well as establishing clear expectations regarding acceptable behaviour by project team members.

Question 57

57Personality profile assessment can help assess and present the personality profile of each individual, which suggests ways to work with them. Which of the following is not a personality style assessment for individuals?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

DiSC model

Theory of Psychological types

Tuckman’s model

True colors methodology

Answer 57

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Tuckman’s model articulates team formation cycle and is not about individual styles

Question 58

58Maintaining compliance requirements is a necessity as part of managing a project. Compliance requirements must be maintained:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Only if a project needs interactions with government authorities

Only during project closure

At the beginning to get the required approvals from sponsor

Throughout the project

Answer 58

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

It is necessary to maintain visibility into compliance requirements throughout the project.

Question 59

59Most projects have aspects that are subject to legal or regulatory constraints, and the requirements for compliance must be managed through the project. Identify aspects that are NOT included in the compliance requirements.
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Privacy laws

Handling sensitive information

Data retention

None of the above

Answer 59

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Requirements for specific practices, privacy laws, handling of sensitive information, and many other areas are subject to regulatory constraints

Question 60

60Project risks are captured, tracked, and managed using a risk register. Which of the following is true in relation to compliance with legal and regulatory requirements?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Risks related to compliance should include risk owner and impact.

Compliance validation must be assured as the project deliverables are created.

Risks are meant for the project team and are not related to compliance.

Both A and B

Answer 60

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Identified risk, owner, impact and risk responses should be tracked to establish compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. It is also necessary to assure compliance validation as the deliverables are created.

Question 61

61Customers can consider buying insurance from a third party that will assume the financial risk as a risk response. Which of the following is NOT true about managing risks?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Some of the financial risk may be shared among stakeholders.

Project teams can take action to potentially improve the likelihood of realizing the positive risk.

Residual risks are not required to be tracked.

Project manager, along with other stakeholders, need to determine appropriate response.

Answer 61

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Ongoing actions should be taken to continue to manage residual risks and identify additional responses as needed.

Question 62

62Some of the senior team members in a project are classifying compliance. The team comes up with a list of categories, which includes environmental risk, Workplace safety, corrupt practices, social responsibility, quality, and process risks. The architect does not agree that social responsibility and process risks are categories for compliance. The test lead believes that process risks is a correct category but social responsibility does not have any meaning and cannot be considered a compliance category. The development manager states both social responsibility and process risks can be part of the compliance category classification. Who is correct about compliance categories classification?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Architect

Development Manager

Test Lead

None of the above

Answer 62

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

There are many different types of compliance categories that may be necessary for a particular industry and solution scope. This may include social responsibility and process risks.

Question 63

63Project managers need to ensure that compliance requirements for the project are continually identified and managed. Which of the following is least important for potential threats to compliance?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Bugs in deliverables

Changes in regulatory requirements

Changes in legal requirements

Architect resigning

Answer 63

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Potential threats to compliance include errors or bugs in deliverables, changes in legal or regulatory requirements and more.

Question 64

64Which of the following is NOT a non-functional requirement?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Security of confidential information during transaction

Capacity of enough supply to meet demand

Product feature to enable online purchase

Both A and B

Answer 64

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Non-functional requirements focus on usability and level of service warranty of the deliverables.

Question 65

65Identify where tolerance levels and thresholds can be set.
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Budget

Time

Nonfunctional requirements

All of the above

Answer 65

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Areas of tolerance might include budget, time, quality, and nonfunctional requirements.

Question 66

66Which of the following is done by QA?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Review the deliverable so that it meets functional and nonfunctional requirements

Suggest potential improvements

Make recommendations to address any noncompliance

All of the above

Answer 66

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

As the project team produces deliverables, quality assurance (QA) will review the deliverable, verify that it meets functional and nonfunctional requirements, and often identify and suggest potential improvements. QA will validate whether the deliverables align with compliance requirements and provide feedback on any variances.

Question 67

67What is an immediate next step when a noncompliance issue is identified?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Escalate to the sponsor as this is a compliance issue and needs immediate action

Determine if it is within the tolerance level of the project manager

Escalate to adjudication

Option A followed by option C

Answer 67

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

When a noncompliance issue is identified, the next step is to determine whether it is within the tolerance level of the project manage

Question 68

68Quality audits are used to verify compliance and are generally conducted by an external team. Audits are generally used to: (Choose all options that are correct)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER(S)

Share good practices from other projects in the organisation or industry

Highlight contributions to lessons learned

Identify critical path

None of the above

Answer 68

Correct Option:A, B

EXPLANATION

Quality audits are used to verify compliance with organizational policies, processes, and procedures. They are generally used to identify good practices being used, share good practices from other projects, proactively offer improvements to improve productivity, and highlight contributions to lessons learned.

Question 69

69Which of the following are components of Business value?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Employee knowledge

Customer value

Channel partner value

All of the above

Answer 69

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Shareholder value, customer value, channel partner value, and employee knowledge are all part of business value.

Question 70

70A project management plan can contain many subsidiary plans. Which of the following is not correct about Benefits Management Plan?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

It describes how the benefits of a project will be derived.

It describes how the benefits are measured.

It is a subsidiary component of the project management plan.

It describes when the benefits will be realized, usually by project phase.

Answer 70

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Benefits Management plan is a business document and is not a subsidiary component of the project management plan.

Question 71

71Your company has organized a user conference. In a discussion with one of your company’s customers, you ask them a question related to their satisfaction with your company’s product. The customer replies that they would be willing to work with another provider since they were not satisfied with your company’s product. How would you categorize this customer on the NPS scale?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Passive

Promoter

Detractor

None of the above

Answer 71

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Detractors would be willing to work with another provider since they were not satisfied with your solution.

Question 72

72Which of the following is NOT true about internal business environment changes?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

They may change organizational roles.

They may reprioritize existing deliverables.

They will not impact the business case of an existing project already underway.

They may change the workflows.

Answer 72

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Internal business activities may impact the project’s business case.

Question 73

73PESTLE factors are:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Techniques used to build project schedule

Used in aggregation of costs

Used to prioritize backlog items

Used to identify impact on business case

Answer 73

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

It is critical that project managers are aware of PESTLE factors that can impact their projects business case and be prepared to adapt accordingly.

Question 74

74A product backlog contains the user stories, and these are typically prioritized based on the highest value. Who is responsible for defining and prioritizing user stories in a product backlog?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Project Manager

Product Owner

Scrum master

Sponsor

Answer 74

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Product owner is responsible for defining and prioritizing the user stories in the product backlog.

Question 75

75Which of the following is NOT true about continuous improvement?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

It is an ongoing effort.

You can make small incremental improvements.

It is a business strategy

It is not for large, breakthrough improvements

Answer 75

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Continuous improvement is a business strategy that is developed at the organizational level for projects and can bring small, incremental or large, breakthrough improvements.

Question 76

76TQM is an approach to improve business results. Which of the following is NOT true about TQM implementation by quality theorists?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Juran trilogy breaks quality management into quality planning control and improvement.

Taguchi method emphasizes that quality should be designed into the product.

Deming cycle is focused on one-time fix for quality to meet customer needs.

Six sigma emphasizes responding to customer needs by systematically removing defects.

Answer 76

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Deming cycle focuses on continuous process improvement in which quality must be continuously improved to meet customer needs.

Question 77

77Which of the following is NOT true about continuous improvement approaches? (Select all that apply)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER(S)

Small development cycles in Agile project management give teams opportunity for continuous improvements.

Kaizen believes in large breakthroughs as small incremental improvements are not efficient.

Agile teams frequently go through the complete development process.

Kaizen believes in research, as improvement ideas come from researchers rather than workers themselves

Answer 77

Correct Option:B, D

EXPLANATION

Kaizen features include: Improvements based on many small changes Ideas come from workers themselves, rather than from expense research, consultants, or equipment.

Question 78

78Which of the following statements is NOT true about a product life cycle?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

It starts with conception of a new product and ends with its withdrawal.

A product can spawn a single project in its life.

The five stages of each product lifecycle are product development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.

It focuses on managing the properties of a product from a company’s business point of view.

Answer 78

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

A product can spawn a single project in its life. Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to service and disposal. PLM integrates people, data, processes, and business systems to provide a product information backbone for companies. The five stages of each product lifecycle are product development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. A product can spawn or require many projects over its life.

Question 79

79A Project Sponsor appointed a Project Manager to a new project and asked her to get started immediately, even before the charter got approved. What should the Project Manager do?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Push to create and approve the charter

Start with the team ramp-up and planning

Ask another Project Manager to take over the project

Start with project management plan

Answer 79

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

The charter is important because it formally authorizes a project. The Project Manager must do whatever possible to get the charter issued.

Question 80

80Which of the following is the MOST appropriate statement to describe a Project Management Office?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

It is the center of excellence for project management in an organization.

It is a group of people working on project management activities for a project.

PMO provides administrative support to Project Managers in an organization.

It is a council that includes all the Project Managers in an organization.

Answer 80

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

A PMO is supposed to be the center of excellence for project management in an organization.

Question 81

81A manager who manages a collection of projects grouped together to facilitate effective management to meet strategic business objectives is called a:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Program Manager

Portfolio Manager

Project Manager

Stakeholder

Answer 81

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Portfolio refers to a collection of projects or programs grouped together to facilitate effective management to meet strategic business objectives, and the person managing it is called a Portfolio Manager. Portfolio management describes methods for analyzing and collectively managing a group of current or proposed projects based on numerous key characteristics like business objectives, technical strategy, goals, etc.

Question 82

82A project sponsor is studying the project contract and going through the narrative description of products and services to be supplied under contract. The project sponsor is also meeting key stakeholders and subject matter experts to evaluate whether the project is worth the required investment. Which of the following documents would be created as an output in the process?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Project Statement of Work

Project Charter

Project Management Plan

Organizational Process Assets

Answer 82

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

The Project sponsor is in the develop project charter process in project integration management and is using the statement of work to understand the product requirements and descriptions. The output of this process is a project charter, which initiates the project once it is approved formally. A project charter documents high-level project descriptions and business needs of the project, along with a current understanding of the customer’s needs, risks, name of the sponsor, and so on.

Question 83

83Which of the following is NOT true about the initiating process group?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Large projects may divide the projects into phases.

The project team members are committed.

Initial scope and financial resources are committed.

Internal and external stakeholders are identified.

Answer 83

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

The entire project team is usually not available during initiation.

Question 84

84Harry has been assigned the flyover construction project, and he is in the process of initiating the project. In order to meet the customer’s project expectations based on the business and compliance requirements, which of the following should Harry define FIRST?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Key deliverables

Project schedule

Project Statement of Work

Product Statement of Work

Answer 84

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

According to PMI’s classification, the Project Manager should define the key deliverables of the project based on the business and compliance requirements to meet the customer’s project expectations.

Question 85

85Jenny is a Project Manager and is currently in the initiating process group. She understands that it is critical for project success to identify stakeholders early in the project. Therefore, she is in the Identify Stakeholders process. Of the following, which INPUT may not be required?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Project documents

Project Charter

Expert Judgment

Enterprise environmental factors

Answer 85

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Expert judgment is a tool and technique for the Identify Stakeholders process and is not an input

Question 86

86One phase is planned at any given time, and the planning for the next is carried out as work progresses on the current phase and deliverables. Which of the following correctly defines the above text?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Overlapping relationship

Sequential relationship

Multi-phase relationship

Iterative relationship

Answer 86

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

An iterative relationship is where one phase is planned at any given time, and the planning for the next is carried out as work progresses on the current phase or deliverable.

Question 87

87Which of the following is NOT true about the project charter?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

It provides the Project Manager the authority to assign organization resources.

It formally authorizes the project.

It details the business justification of the project.

It states what the project is, what the project will deliver, and how all the processes will be managed

Answer 87

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Project Charter provides the high-level project description and product characteristics. It authorizes the project and provides the Project Manager the authority to assign organization resources.

Question 88

88You work as a Project Manager at a mobile phone chipset manufacturer. As predicted by Moore’s law, each year your company introduces a new model of mobile phone chipsets that are faster and more powerful than their predecessors. Mobile phone chipsets that are obsolete or do not sell are quickly retired from production. The chipsets’ life cycle begins in R and D, extends to manufacturing, and finally ends with phase out. This cycle is often referred to as:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Product lifecycle

Project lifecycle

Feedback loop

Product development

Answer 88

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

A product life cycle consists of generally sequential, non-overlapping product phases determined by the manufacturing and control need of the organization. For more details on product lifecycle, refer to PMBOK Guide - Sixth Edition page 19.

Question 89

89A Project Manager has defined the key deliverables of the project based on the business and compliance requirements and is now identifying and documenting high-level risks, assumptions, and constraints based on current environment, historical data, and/or expert judgment to identify project limitations and propose an implementation approach. Which process group is the Project Manager in?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Initiating

Planning

Executing

Closing

Answer 89

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

It is during the initiating process group that you identify and document high-level risks, assumptions, and constraints to identify project limitations and thereafter propose an implementation approach.

Question 90

90Which of the following is NOT a function of the project management office?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Monitoring compliance with project management standards policies, procedures, and templates via project audits

Coaching, mentoring, training, and oversight

Managing shared resources across all projects administered by PMO

Identifying and developing the organization’s methodology, administrative practices, and rules

Answer 90

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

The PMO’s role is to identify and develop the project management methodology, best practices, and standards.

Question 91

91Your development team is waiting for the design team to finish its work. As a Project Manager, you have decided to use this approach to reduce uncertainty in the project. Which of the following relationships does this describe?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Iterative relationship

Sequential relationship

Overlapping relationship

Common relationship

Answer 91

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

A sequential relationship is the stage where a phase can only start once the previous phase is complete. The step-by-step nature of the approach reduces uncertainty but may eliminate options for reducing the schedule.

Question 92

92Which of the following is NOT TRUE for stakeholders?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Stakeholders can be customers, sponsors, and the performing organization.

Stakeholders cannot exert influence over the project, its deliverables, or team members.

Stakeholder identification is a continuous process.

A project can be perceived as having both positive and negative results by the stakeholders.

Answer 92

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

This statement is wrong as stakeholders can exert influence over the project, its deliverables, and team members.

Question 93

93Two members of a team are disagreeing about the right electric parameters for testing a newly designed chipset. Who is in the best position to help resolve this issue?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Project Manager

Project Sponsor

Functional Manager

Customer

Answer 93

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

The issue requires functional expertise, so the Functional Managers will be in the best position to assist in this matter.

Question 94

94A hospital is installing a new management system to computerize the hospital functions. For this purpose, representatives from several departments are selected to create a task force assigned to implement the project. This organization structure is called:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Functional Organization

Projectized Organization

Composite Organization

Balanced Matrix Organization

Answer 94

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Many times, even a fundamentally functional organization may create a special project team to handle a critical project. This team may have many characteristics of a project team in a projectized organization. The team may include full-time staff from different functional departments, may develop its own set of operating procedures, and may operate outside the standard, formalized reporting structure.

Question 95

95As a Project Manager, you are in the process of establishing the total scope of the effort in the project to define project objectives. For this purpose, you include relevant stakeholders and explore all the aspects of scope, cost, time, risk quality, etc. Which process group of the project are you currently in?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Initiation

Planning

Execution

Monitor and Control

Answer 95

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

The planning process group consists of processes performed to establish the total scope of the effort, define the objectives, and develop the course of action required to attain those objectives. For this purpose, a Project Manager should include relevant stakeholders and explore all the aspects of scope, cost, time, risk, quality, etc. The result of this planning process group is the project management plan.

Question 96

96Project Manager John and his team have finished creating the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and Work Breakdown Structure dictionary. Then, he prepares a detailed and itemized documentation of all of the schedule activities that are part of the project. What should he do NEXT?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Create a Network Diagram for the project

Determine quality standards, processes, and metrics

Determine high-level project assumptions and constraints

Conduct project progress meeting

Answer 96

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

The Project Manager has created a WBS, a WBS dictionary, and an activity list in the planning stage. The next step would be to create a network diagram for the project. Quality standards and metrics can be identified once project schedule and budget are determined. Option C is done as part of project initiation and is completed much earlier. Option D is done in the executing stage of the project.

Question 97

97A key stakeholder from the quality department wants to know more about how the process tailoring was done by the project team. Additionally, the stakeholder would like to know the rationale for selecting processes, their implementation-level details, and how they will be used to manage interdependencies. Which document should the Project Manager refer the stakeholder to?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Project Statement of Work

Project Scope Statement

Project Management Plan

Work performance Information

Answer 97

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

The results of the process tailoring by the project team, along with all the other information required by the stakeholder, are captured in the project management plan.

Question 98

98A Project Manager has invited key stakeholders and team members for the first meeting of the project. The agenda of the meeting is to announce the start of the project, outline the project goals and objectives, as well as communicate the project success criteria. The Project Manager also plans to discuss the individual roles and responsibilities, along with the commitment of the stakeholders. What is this activity called?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Project sign- off meeting

Charter closure meeting

Project launch meeting

Project kick-off meeting

Answer 98

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

The kick-off meeting which is done in the beginning of the project and then before starting each new project phase has four main objectives: a) publicly state the beginning of the project, b) outline the project goals as well as the individual roles and responsibilities of team members, c) clarify the expectations of all parties, and d) create a commitment by all those who influence the project’s outcome.

Question 99

99You are the Project Manager of a highly visible and critical project in your company. This project was initiated with much fanfare, and you have some of the best technical experts in your project team. You are in the process of planning and detailing the scope of the project when you hear the project is being terminated. What could be the MOST likely cause?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

The senior management didn’t approve the project charter.

The project team didn’t have the required technical expertise.

The project sponsor failed to support the project.

The project contract was not signed off by the customer.

Answer 99

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

The answer to this question can be reached by the process of elimination. Since the project is already initiated and is in the planning stage, options A and D can’t be true. There is no evidence to believe option B, and the most probable explanation could be the failure to support the project by the sponsor. The term sponsor, by definition, suggests a financial responsibility. This sponsor is thought to “own the project and is considered responsible for ensuring its success. The sponsor is also typically the one who proposes the project in the first place, whose business unit reaps its benefits.

Question 100

100A Project Manager is in the process of documenting and defining a stakeholder’s needs to meet project objectives. What is the output of this process?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Stakeholder Register

Stakeholder Management Strategy

Requirements Documentation

Issue Log

Answer 100

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

The Project Manager is in the process of collecting requirements. The output of this is requirements documentation. This document describes how individual requirements meet the business need for the project. It is important that the requirements documented are unambiguous (measurable and testable), traceable, and acceptable to key stakeholders. Option A, stakeholder register, is only a list of stakeholders in the project; option B, stakeholder management strategy, describes the strategy to manage stakeholder expectations. Option D, issue log, is a document to capture project issues.

Question 101

101You have taken over as the Project Manager of a complex and technically challenging project. In addition, your team members are from diverse cultures and lack bonding. You want the team to participate and take ownership of project activities, as well as understand the big picture of the project. Which of the following activities would be most helpful?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Use colocation to help the team bond better, which in turn would maximize productivity

Create Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Develop Responsibility Assignment Matrix to describe the roles and responsibilities of every team member

Conduct knowledge sessions where each member appraises the team about his or her culture
Correct Option:B

Answer 101

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

The Project Manager wants the team to take ownership as well as understand how individual project activities affect the overall project deliverable (the big picture). The Project Manager also wants the team to develop bonding. All these objectives are met when the team gets involved in creating the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and WBS dictionary. Option A may not be always possible due to physical constraints in the project. Option D has limited utility, but Option B is the best choice as it fulfills multiple project objectives

Question 102

102You are a Project Manager working on a critical project. You track the project schedule closely. While going through the critical path, you realize that the project is showing negative float. What would be the BEST response to the situation?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Use a schedule compression technique

Reduce the number of resources from the project

Reduce the number of noncritical activities in the project

Revisit the risks and do a risk analysis of the project

Answer 102

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

Negative slack is the time required by a task beyond project’s scheduled completion.One of the causes for negative floats can be due to constraint set on tasks (E.g must finish by a certain date). A project manager can solve this by using schedule compression technique such as fast tracking or crashing.

Question 103

103A Project Manager is in the process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create an approved project schedule. What should the Project Manager do NEXT?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Determine Resource Requirement for each activity in the project

Use techniques like Critical Path method and What-if Analysis to calculate the optimum duration of the project

Use this approved schedule duration as a baseline and start tracking the project

Create a Network diagram of the project using one of the diagramming methods

Answer 103

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

The Project Manager is in the develop schedule process. Since the project schedule has already been approved, options A, B, and D are already completed as part of the processes estimate activity resources, develop schedule, and sequence activities. The next step would be to treat this estimate as a schedule baseline and start tracking the project as part of the process control schedule.

Question 104

104As a Project Manager, you are estimating the duration of your project activities using PERT technique (Program Evaluation and Review technique). For a particular project activity, your optimistic estimate is 41 days, pessimistic estimate is 89 days, and most Likely estimate is 60 days. What would be the expected duration and range of estimate for this activity?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

61. 67 +/- 8.00
62. 27 +/-8.00
63. 67 +/-3.00
64. 27 +/-3.00

Answer 104

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

PERT allows the estimator to include three estimates: optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely, given by the equation Expected Duration = [P + 4(ML) + O]/6. Range is +/- standard deviation = (P-O)/6, where P is the pessimistic estimate, ML is the most likely estimate, and O is the optimistic estimate. Using this method, the correct answers comes out to be 61.67 days and range (+/-Standard Deviation) is 8.00.

Question 105

105A project activity has the following values for the earliest and latest it can start and the earliest and latest it can be completed. An activity’s Late Start (LS) is 5/day and Late Finish (LF) is 10/day. Similarly, Early Start (ES) is 3/day and Early finish (EF) is 8/day. What is the float of this activity?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

0 days

4 days

2 days

-3 days

Answer 105

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Float for an activity can be calculated using the formulae (i.e. Float = LS-ES or LF-EF). In this case, float = 5-3 or 10- 8 or 2 days. Remember, float or slack is the amount of time a task in a project network can be delayed without causing a delay to subsequent tasks (free float) or the project completion date (total float).

Question 106

106An activity cannot be started until the predecessor also starts. This is an example of:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Finish-to-Start

Finish-to-Finish

Start-to-Start

Start-to-Finish

Answer 106

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

This is an example of a start-to-start dependency. It means that B can’t start before A starts, or in other words Activity B can start after Activity A has started.

Question 107

107A Project Manager understands the information needs of important stakeholders and documents how they would be met. Which document is being prepared?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Stakeholder register

Stakeholder management plan

Human resources management plan

Communications management plan

Answer 107

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Communications management plan contains details of how the communication needs of the project’s stakeholders will be met.

Question 108

108You are managing a project which would provide e-learning solutions to your customer. The requirements of this project are not clearly defined in the beginning, and there would be modifications based on customer feedback as the project evolves. You decide to plan as much as you can and begin to create work while continuing the planning. Which of the following techniques would be most helpful while defining activities for the project?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Rolling Wave Planning

Templates

Extreme Programming

Just in Time

Answer 108

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

Rolling wave planning is a form of progressive elaboration where work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail and future work is planned at a higher level of the Work Breakdown Structure. Therefore, work can exist at various levels of detail depending on where it is in the project lifecycle. As more information is known about upcoming events, the higher-level work packages can be decomposed further. Templates, which are usually standardized, would not be a very helpful tool for evolving requirements. Option (c) and (d) are not recognized tools and techniques of project time management.

Question 109

109Which of the following statements about critical path is TRUE?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

It needs SMEs to work.

All the activities on the critical path do not have any float.

A project will have only one critical path.

A critical path takes into consideration logical as well as resource dependencies.

Answer 109

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Critical path activities do not have any float. If any activity on the critical path is delayed, the completion of the project will be delayed by an equal amount. To determine the critical path, you have to add the amount of time estimated for the duration of each activity to the previous activity.

Question 110

110Which of the following are the MOST important to derive the total funding requirements and periodic funding requirements of the project?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Management Reserve and Contingency Reserve

Cost Baseline and Management Reserve

Funding Limit Reconciliation

Project Budget and Contingency Reserve

Answer 110

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

The total funds required in the project are those included in cost baseline, plus management reserve if any. Remember, the cost baseline includes contingency reserves because the cost baseline will include projected expenditures plus anticipated liabilities.

Question 111

111As a Project Manager for the project in the planning stage, you have derived the cost estimate by estimating the cost of individual work packages. It is summarized to higher levels for reporting and tracking. What would be the range of estimate from the actual?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

• 50 percent to +100 percent
• 50 percent to +50 percent
• 10 percent to +25 percent
• 5 percent to +10 percent

Answer 111

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

This is the definitive range derived during the latter part of the project when project information is available in sufficient detail. The estimate could become more refined to a range of -5 percent to +10 percent from the actual. This estimate is usually derived using the bottom-up estimation technique.

Question 112

112You are a Project Manager planning to launch a new product in the market. For this purpose, you are analyzing existing products and comparing industry standards for performance metrics, including cost, cycle time, productivity, and quality, to come up with your own product metrics. Which of the following activities are you doing?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Cost Benefit Analysis

Value Engineering

Benchmarking

Process Analysis

Answer 112

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Benchmarking is a management tool through which a plan for evaluation, measurement, and improvement is implemented. It is the process of comparing business processes and performance metrics, including cost, cycle time, productivity, and/or quality, to the industry-standard benchmark or best practice. The objective of Benchmarking is to determine (1) what and where improvements are called for, (2) how other firms achieve their high performance levels, and (3) how to use this information to improve the firm’s performance. Option D, process analysis, is a tool and technique of the quality assurance process, which involves following steps in the quality improvement plan to identify needed improvements.

Question 113

113John, a project manager, wants to capture the details of activities, including their inputs, outputs, and interfaces with other processes, to enhance the value of the process. Which of the following documents would be MOST helpful?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Project Management Plan

Quality Management Plan

Process Improvement Plan

Product Management Plan

Answer 113

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Quality management plan would be most helpful as it considers the continuous improvement procedure.

Question 114

114Which of the following would NOT be part of cost of conformance?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Prevention cost

Appraisal cost

Internal failure cost

Cost of training

Answer 114

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Internal failure cost (including failure found by the project internally, like rework and scrap) is not part of the cost of conformance. All the failure costs (including external failure costs) are referred to as the cost of poor quality. The cost of conformance denotes the money spent during the project to avoid failures.

Question 115

115Pamela, a Project Manager, is planning a project. She is creating a plan to describe how human resource requirements in the project would be met. She is using a bar chart tool called a Resource Histogram for charting this requirement. However, she notices that some of the individual bars in the Resource Histogram extend beyond the maximum allowed hours. What should she do to correct it?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Reduce Scope

Extend Working Hours

Resource Leveling

Schedule Compression

Answer 115

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Resource leveling is required whenever individual bars in the Resource Histogram extend beyond the maximum allowed hours. Resource leveling can be done by either adding more resources or modifying the schedule. Reducing scope or extending working hours would be detrimental to the project’s success and is not recommended here. Schedule compression, which can be done through either crashing or fast tracking, wouldn’t necessarily be helpful. Since specific bars are showing an overflow, this can be best tackled using resource leveling.

Question 116

116According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, what comes HIGHEST on the pyramid?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Social

Safety

Physiological

Hygiene Factors

Answer 116

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

According to Maslow, there are five levels of human needs from bottom to top: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. Hygiene factors, is part of Herzberg’s theory.

Question 117

117A pharmaceutical company wants to launch a new over-the-counter medication for flu in the U.S. The Project Manager is identifying project communication constraints. Which of the following is NOT a valid constraint?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

The company should get an FDA approval before producing or selling the medicine.

The key person responsible for communicating the information on the project may not be available through the entire project.

The milestone meeting should be attended by all the major key stakeholders.

The project has teams working in different geographical locations and time shifts.

Answer 117

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

A communication constraint is usually derived from specific legislation or regulation (Option A), organizational policies (Option C), or a project constraint (Option D). This limits the project’s options during communication management. However, Option B is an uncertain event or risk in the project which needs to be addressed through risk management.

Question 118

118You are a Project Manager in a financial firm with multinational dealings. You feel the financial meltdown in one of the client’s countries could affect your project adversely, and you want to hedge your risks. Although the probability of occurrence of the event is low, you are advised to play it safe. In terms of risk attitude, your organization could BEST be described as:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Risk Seeker

Risk Averse

Risk Neutral

Risk Mitigator

Answer 118

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Someone who doesn’t want to take risks is called risk averse, and the Project Manager seems to be part of such an organization. Option C, risk neutral, describes a person/or an organization that is indifferent to the risk, and Option A, risk seeker, suggests an aptitude to take risks with an opportunity for higher returns. Option D, risk mitigation, is a risk response strategy and is an invalid choice.

Question 119

119Which of the following is NOT a tool used in the perform qualitative risk analysis process?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Probability and Impact Matrix

Facilitation

Monte Carlo Simulation

Interview

Answer 119

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Monte Carlo Simulation is typically associated with the quantitative risk analysis process. It generates the output as a range instead of a fixed value and shows how likely the output value is to occur in the range.

Question 120

120Which of the following is an example of Lead?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Pillars for a structure can be started 7 days after the foundation to allow for curing.

Test lab preparation can start 5 days before a product is made available for testing.

Both test planning and product development can start simultaneously after the design is finalized.

Crash tests cannot be carried out until a working final model is made available.

Answer 120

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Lead means that the successor activity can start in advance of the predecessor activity.

Question 121

121The estimating technique that uses the statistical relationship between the historical data and other variables to calculate an estimate for an activity is called:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Analogous Estimating

Parametric Estimating

Three Point Estimating

Monte Carlo technique

Answer 121

EXPLANATION

Parametric estimating is an estimation technique that utilizes the statistical relationship between a series of historical data and a particular delineated list of other variables. Some examples of these variables include square footage in a construction project and the number of lines or codes that exist in a software application. This information is then implemented for the purpose of calculating and demonstrating an estimate for the activity parameters.

Question 122

122In which form of contract will the cost risk lie with the seller?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

CPIF

T and M

CPAF

FP

Answer 122

EXPLANATION

Cost risk lies with the seller in a Fixed price contract.

Question 123

123While responding to a procurement request, the seller outlined the detailed technical solution, provided a few past customer references, and also made a detailed commercial offer. Which procurement document would the seller most likely respond to?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Request for Quotation

Request for Proposal

Invitation for Bid

Bidder conference invitation

Answer 123

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

An RFP requests a detailed proposal.

Question 124

124A Project Manager realizes that a lot of team members’ time and effort is spent in capturing data during product testing. Which is the best option to address the issue?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Stop capturing the data as it doesn’t add any value to the project activity

Allocate a time at the end of the day to update all the data together

Ask for an additional resource to capture project data

Automate the data capturing process

Answer 124

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

The best solution is the one that eliminates the root cause of the problem and prevents subsequent changes. Here, the main problem is the inefficient use of time and effort of team members in capturing the data. The best way to address this is to automate the process, thus reducing both time and effort. Option B could result in incorrect and incomplete data because it’s not recorded at the time of capturing. Options A and Option C suggest that the Project Manager evade the responsibility of producing valid project data.

Question 125

25A Project Manager is facing many serious issues in his project to create an application for a hospital management system. The project’s final deliverable is scheduled for two weeks from now. It needs to fulfill compliance with mandatory government health standards. In addition, there are some changes required to improve performance, which the Project Manager feels will make the customer happy. Amidst all of this, a senior test engineer asks the Project Manager for a long leave. Which is the most critical issue the Project Manager needs to address FIRST?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Ensure the product is compliant to government health standards

Find a replacement for the senior tester and ensure he completes knowledge transfer before leaving

Complete change control process to incorporate changes to enhance performance

Notify the customer about probable delay in the final deliverable to avoid surprises later

Answer 125

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

This question exemplifies a typical scenario when a Project Manager needs to integrate information and prioritize the most critical issue. In this scenario, Option C is part of gold plating and is not actually required for the project. Option B can pose some trouble to the Project Manager. The question doesn’t clearly establish whether the resource is leaving before or after the final delivery. There is no indication that his absence would adversely affect the project delivery. In this situation, the most important thing to focus on is the compliance testing, as it is a mandatory requirement on the project.

Question 126

126You are a Project Manager taking over a project midway. It is in the execution phase. You would like to know more about project deliverables, work required to complete those deliverables, project constraints, assumptions, etc. Which of the following documents would be MOST useful?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Requirements Documentation

Activity List

Project Scope Statement

Answer 126

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

The Project Manager should refer to the project scope statement as it captures all the details related to the project scope, including product acceptance criteria, scope description, project deliverables, constraints, assumptions, etc. Options A and Option C define project scope at the smaller work package and activity level respectively. Option B, Requirements Documentation, captures requirements of the project related to quality, functional and non-functional aspects, support, etc. This is incorrect.

Question 127

127A project is relying on a contractor to deliver a component. The contractor informs the Project Manager about the likelihood of a 3-week delay in the delivery date. What should the Project Manager do?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Meet with the team to discuss the issue

Escalate the matter to the senior management of the contractor as per the escalation matrix

Issue a formal show-cause notice asking why the contract could not be submitted

Inform the senior management and the customer about the possibility of delay to the overall project due to the delayed component

Answer 127

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

The first thing to do is to understand the impact and find out how the impact can be contained. Only after this is done can other steps be considered.

Question 128

128You are managing an e-banking solution project when the Vice-President of the company calls you to discuss an opportunity to manage a critical company project that can boost your career and professional experience. Your e-banking solution project is due to be completed in 3 weeks. What is your best response to the Vice-President?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

You would like to manage both the projects together as the latter is a critical project for the company.

You would use a compression technique to finish your current project faster and then take up this new project.

Since the new project is more critical to the organization, you could take this project immediately. Your earlier project can be managed by someone else, as it is about to be completed anyway.

The project should first develop an approved project charter, which would formally initiate the project.

Answer 128

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

The new project should be formally initiated with an approved project charter. This authorizes a Project Manager to apply resources to the project. With this in mind, a Project Sponsor should first develop a project charter. Options A, B, and C are not suitable until the new project is formally initiated.

Question 129

129You are managing a large project team that has some new members joining. You would like to take the entire team through the project schedule and update them on where the project stands with respect to the original plan. Which of the following charts would be most helpful for this purpose?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Gantt Chart

Milestone Chart

Work Breakdown structure

Schedule Baseline

Answer 129

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

A Gantt chart is a bar chart that shows the activities of a project, when each must take place, and how long each will take. As the project progresses, bars are shaded to show which activities have been completed. People assigned to each task also can be represented. This is the most effective tool to show the people assigned to the project where they are with respect to the original plan.

Question 130

130An infrastructure company had an option of bidding for a toll highway project with an NPV of $5 million, but they opted to bid for a power plant project with an NPV of $6 million. $5 million represents _________ for the company.
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Opportunity cost

Depreciation

Sunk Costs

Internal Rate of Return

Answer 130

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

Opportunity cost is the cost of the opportunity that was foregone in choosing a different option.

Question 131

131You are the Project Manager for an IT company in the final phases of project execution. Your project status is well within the budget and you are almost a week ahead of your schedule. During the final testing phase of the project, you realize that the performance of the product can be increased by almost 20% of the expected value by doing minor code changes in two modules. This change would require an additional 2 days of work. What should you do NEXT?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Analyze the various alternatives and do a detailed impact analysis before proceeding with the change

Update the change management form and send it to change control board for consideration

Discuss the change and impact with the customer and seek their approval

Ignore the change as it is gold plating and should be avoided

Answer 131

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

This is an example of gold plating because this requirement is not actually part of the contract. Such additions are usually based on a perceived notion of what the customer would like rather than a specific requirement from the customer. Gold plating is defined in simple words as adding more to the system than is specified in the requirements. Gold plating can increase operation and maintenance costs and reduce quality as well.

Question 132

132A Project Manager is going through the defect report to review the bugs reported during the testing cycle of a software project. The report has information on the severity of the bugs, origin of the bugs, and possible resolutions, along with the owner and reporter of the bugs. The Project Manager wants to prioritize bug fixing activities by evaluating the three most frequent reasons for the defects. Which of the following tools should the Project Manager use?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Control chart

Fishbone diagram

Scatter diagram

Pareto chart

Answer 132

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Pareto charts work on the Pareto principle, which states that 80% of the problems usually stem from 20% of the causes. Pareto charts can be used for defect analysis by arranging defect data so that the few vital factors that are causing most of the problems reveal themselves. Concentrating improvement efforts on these few factors will have a greater impact and be more cost-effective than undirected efforts.

Question 133

133A team is complaining that every quality audit invariably audits its module, but other teams’ modules are not audited at the same frequency. What is the best explanation that can be provided?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

A module gets audited more frequently because it has the most issues.

A module may get audited more because it is the most critical

Modules to be audited are picked up based on the quality management plan.

Recommend a change to ensure all modules get audited at the same frequency in the future.

Answer 133

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

The logic for selecting modules for audit should be outlined in the quality management plan and should be followed.

Question 134

134You are managing a critical project with frequent changes in requirements. You are in the testing phase of the project, and the customer has requested an additional new feature. You have assessed the impact of the change on the triple constraints with your team. What should be your NEXT step?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Raise a change request form and send it for approval to the change control board

Look for alternative options, including schedule compression techniques like crashing and fast tracking

Analyze the impact of the change on project quality objectives and quality planning

Update the project management plans and other project documents, including project baselines

Answer 134

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Analyze the impact of the change on project quality objectives and quality planning. It is important to analyze the impact of the change not only on the triple constraints but also on quality. The Project Manager needs to determine whether the quality objectives and quality planning need to be modified to address the changes. Option B is already addressed as part of assessing the impact on the triple constraints.

Question 135

135The method of examining work or a product to determine whether it conforms to documented standards is called:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Inspection

Statistical Sampling

Audit

Verification

Answer 135

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

Inspection is the examination of work or a product to determine whether it conforms to documented standards. Inspection can be done through peer reviews, review audits, or walkthroughs. It can be done at any level in the project and can also be used to validate defect repairs.

Question 136

136What is the best time to engage in team-building activities?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

At the beginning of the project

At the end of the project

Throughout the project

At the beginning for some projects and at the end for others

Answer 136

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

Team building is an ongoing activity and must be planned throughout the project.

Question 137

137You are managing a technically challenging and complex project for your company. At the beginning of the project, there used to be heated arguments in the team regarding the best approach to solving a problem. However, the project is well into the execution stage, and the team has finished designing the architecture of the product. Team members have developed a good understanding of the system. What is the most appropriate way to handle project conflicts at this stage?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

You should continue to determine the best solution and ask the team to implement it.

You should let the team explore the best alternatives among themselves while you facilitate and support them.

You should invite ideas from everyone in the team to arrive at the best solution.

You should make a decision based on consensus from the majority of the team.

Answer 137

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

You should let the team explore the best alternatives among themselves while you facilitate and support them. A Project Manager needs to provide more direction at the beginning of the project because she knows the best way to plan the project. However, as the project team matures and develops an understanding during the execution phase, the Project Manager needs to transition to a support role. Your leadership style could be coaching, facilitating, or supporting.

Question 138

138Your software project is in the critical system testing stage when two of the senior members of the team come to you with a conflict on usage of the simulation software during testing. One person claims that the other person keeps the software engaged for almost all the working hours of the project. You decide to change their working schedules so that they no longer overlap. Which of the following techniques for conflict resolution are you using?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Compromising

Collaborating

Forcing

Smoothing

Answer 138

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

This would be a compromise for both of them.Both team members have to adjust their working schedules to accommodate the limited availability of the simulation software.

Question 139

139As a Project Manager, you decide to create an issue log that captures issue description, owner, and the target date for issue closure. Which of the following is NOT a common issue in a project?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Differences in Opinion

Probable delay in the next delivery

Pending Root cause Analysis

Delay in receiving feedback from the customer

Answer 139

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Probable delay in the next delivery represents a project risk and is not an issue as the event is uncertain. This may or may not happen in the future.

Question 140

140A Project Manager is working on shortlisting, interviewing, and selecting candidates for the open positions within a project as per the job descriptions. Which process group is being worked on here?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Planning

Initiating

Controlling

Executing

Answer 140

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

The process being worked on is Acquire Project Team, which is part of the Executing process group.

Question 141

141A Project Manager likes to involve the project team in all the decision-making processes. Whenever there are issues that require urgent decisions, the Project Manager calls the team to work out a solution together. This approach is:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Correct because it helps to get team buy-in and commitment to the change

Correct as brainstorming technique helps to bring out creative ideas to solve the problem

Incorrect as a lot of time and effort of the project team is spent on decisions that could be singularly made by the Project Manager

Incorrect as not all the solutions generated during a brainstorming session can be implemented, resulting in disappointment in the team

Answer 141

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

It is important for the Project Manager to involve the project team to work out solutions to critical project issues. However, this approach should be used judiciously as the amount of time spent in the meetings could lead to an inefficient use of the team’s time. Furthermore, in many situations, meetings delay the decision-making process due to internal conflicts.

Question 142

142A Project Manager working in a matrix project environment feels there is some discontent in the team members related to their dual reporting and the role of Project Manager on the project. The Project Manager wants to communicate with the team to clarify their doubts. What is the BEST form of communication for addressing this problem?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Formal written mail

Informal chat with the team

Face-to-face meeting

Informal written mail

Answer 142

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

A face-to-face meeting is ideal for project communication. It gives the Project Manager an avenue to understand the reasons for discontent and clarify doubts. Face-to- face meetings have the added advantage of being accompanied by non-verbal (body movements and physical mannerisms) and paralingual (pitch and tone of voice) communication methods.

Question 143

143Kevin, a Project Manager in an information technology project, is discussing a complex algorithm with a new team member, Michael. After a long and thorough verbal discussion, Kevin asks if Michael understood the algorithm and can put it in the document. Michael implies that he has understood. However, when Kevin goes through the document, he realizes that Michael didn’t understand what was said, thus resulting in an inefficient use of time and effort. Who is responsible for this loss of time, and how could it have been avoided?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Kevin: he shouldn’t have given the complex assignment to a new team member

Michael: he implied he understood the discussion and didn’t ask his doubts immediately

Kevin: he should have also helped the team member in preparing and reviewing the document

Kevin: it is his responsibility to ensure his message is clear and concise and confirm that the team member truly understands the message

Answer 143

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

In the communication model, it is the sender’s responsibility to make the message clear, complete, and concise so that the recipient can receive it. The sender must also confirm that the recipient truly understands the message. In this scenario, the Project Manager is at fault.

Question 144

144You are managing a project with project teams in different geographical locations. There are approximately 25 team members in 3 different locations, each being led by a team lead. Additionally, there are 3 members from a supporting group that are working part-time on the project. How many communication channels are possible in your project?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

496

992

424

32

Answer 144

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

This is directly based on the formula n( n-1 )/2. If n is the number of stakeholders in the project, the total possible communication channels = n( n-1 )/2. The project has 25 team members, 3 team leads, 3 support team members, and the Project Manager. That makes it 32 people and 496 possible communication channels.

Question 145

145A Project Manager is documenting the normal process for escalating the issues on a project. Which document usually contains this information?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Risk management plan

Stakeholder management plan

Project Communication management plan

Quality management plan

Answer 145

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

A project communication management plan would capture the details of the escalation paths on a project.

Question 146

146A key stakeholder of the project is contacted for a requirements document approval but shows no interest. The Project Manager decides to have a friendly, informal discussion with the stakeholder to understand the reason for his lack of interest. During the conversation, the stakeholder expresses his displeasure that two of his key suggestions were not addressed on the project and feels as though his approval or feedback doesn’t really matter as the main requirements are not being captured. What is the best option for the Project Manager in this case?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Agree with stakeholder and don’t take his approval on requirements. Remove his name from the list of stakeholders and avoid communicating with him further on project status

Incorporate the requirements of the stakeholder and then take his approval

Talk to your Project Sponsor about the issue and take his approval before taking any further action

Explain to the stakeholder that although his suggestions were appreciated, it is not possible to address all of them in this release due to project constraints. Promise to revisit them at the next phase.

Answer 146

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

This should be addressed as part of manage stakeholder engagement. A Project Manager should proactively work with stakeholders to manage their expectations, address concerns, and resolve issues.

Question 147

147A key stakeholder expresses concern over lack of project visibility and progress and says that project status reports lack information relevant to the stakeholder’s department. How should the Project Manager respond?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Review the Project Communication Management Plan to determine the stakeholders’ needs

Take another look at the Manage Communications process to identify the gaps

Raise a change request to address the stakeholder’s feedback

Take another look at the monitor Communications process to understand the problem

Answer 147

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

The communication management plan determines the project stakeholders’ information needs and defines the communication approach. It is the document that would help resolve the stakeholder’s issues. Since the stakeholder is receiving timely performance reports, options (b) and (c) are not correct.

Question 148

148A Project Manager in an e-learning project is using free downloadable tutorials via the Internet to reach out to large audiences. This communication method is called:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Interactive Communication

Pull Communication

Push Communication

Personal communication

Answer 148

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

This is an example of a pull communication method, which is used for large volumes of information or for large audiences. It is used when recipients access the communication content at their own discretion. It is easier to recall pull communication as “pulling of information” as desired by the receiver at his or her discretion.

Question 149

149As a Project Manager you are worried about the continuous bad performance of one of your team members. You have spoken to him or her over coffee, but there seems to be no improvement. What is the MOST suitable way to communicate your dissatisfaction to the concerned team member?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Informal Verbal

Formal Verbal

Formal Written

Informal Written

Answer 149

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

As this is the second notice to the team member for poor performance, it should be communicated in a formal written manner.

Question 150

150As a Project Manager, you need to estimate the regression testing for your product. You would like to do 5 full testing cycles. Each cycle is estimated to take 4 days. What is your estimated duration for the testing activity?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

25 days

18 to 22 days

18 days

22 to 24 days

Answer 150

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

The estimated duration for 5 testing cycles of 4 days each is 20 days. The correct estimation range is 18 to 22 days.

Question 151

151You are the Project Manager of a software development project. You have outsourced a component of your product to a third-party vendor, and it is due to be delivered next week. You find out that the delivery of the component may be delayed due to political unrest in the vendor’s location. What is the BEST you can do in this situation?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Report the probable delay to your senior Manager, along with details on the current political situation at the vendor’s location

Communicate to the vendor that any possible delay would attract a fine and affect future payments

Revisit your project schedule and look at alternatives to reduce the impact of the delay

Since there is no official communication from the vendor, you need to use the wait and watch policy

Answer 151

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

This question can be tricky as it doesn’t clearly state whether or not the Project Manager received a formal communication of the delay from the vendor. Since a Project Manager should proactively look for any event that may delay the project schedule, Option C is the best alternative. Option B is harsh, especially in a situation that is beyond the vendor’s control (e.g., political unrest in the country).

Question 152

152A Project Manager is conducting a bidder conference to select the most suitable sellers. Which of the following tools will NOT be helpful?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Advertising

Proposal evaluation

Procurement Negotiations

Make-or-Buy analysis

Answer 152

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

The Project Manager is in the process of conducting procurements. Make-or-buy analysis is not a part of the tools and techniques used in this process but is part of the plan procurement process.

Question 153

153While working on a contract, a supplier’s factory was severely damaged due to an earthquake, and the supplier could not deliver the contracted items on time. The liability of the supplier to pay penalty for delays is probably restricted due to:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Doctrine of Waiver

Privity

Dispute Resolution

Force Majeure

Answer 153

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

The Force Majeure clause protects both parties from liabilities due to unforeseen events on which nobody has control.

Question 154

154You have recently joined a construction company, and you find that your employer is violating the construction permit issued by the local city government. What should you do?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Inform the city authority of the violation

Talk to your employer to find out if they are aware that they are breaking the law

Complain to the legal department of the company

Do nothing as you are new to the organization

Answer 154

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

The best option is to first talk to your employer to discuss your findings and know their perspective. It would also help you verify your observation.

Question 155

155As a Project Manager, you understand the importance of effective communication with stakeholders. You want to present a project progress report to the stakeholders in the next project meeting. What should be your approach?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Make the report concise and restricted to specific technical details of the project

Prepare a verbose report but filter the information to remove details

Focus on specific stakeholders with whom you have good personal relationships

Research and understand the experience level and expectations of stakeholders
Correct Option:D

Answer 155

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Since a project’s success is heavily dependent on the stakeholders’ favorable acceptance of the project, it is important to have effective communication with the stakeholders, especially during project meetings. For this purpose, the Project Manager should research and understand the stakeholders’ expectations before presenting project progress reports.

Question 156

156You are managing a multinational project with team members from different countries with varying time zones. In this scenario, you wish to choose a communication medium that is most efficient for the project requirements. What is the most appropriate way to address this?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Explore communication tools available in the market and ask for quotations exclusively for your project instead of using the existing tool in the organization

Use the most cost effective technique and explain its usage to everyone

Use a combination of communication technologies

Discuss these communication requirements and available options with stakeholders to seek their input

Answer 156

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

It is important to have an effective communication medium in this project, especially since the team is in different geographical locations and communication requirements are complex. It is best to take input from the stakeholders of the project and understand their communication requirements before finalizing a technique.

Question 157

157You are interviewing candidates for a position in the project. Then, you receive the resume of a distant relative who is desperately in need of a job, what should you do?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Give the candidate the job, but insist on good performance

Ask the candidate to apply somewhere else

Declare your position and excuse yourself from the selection process

Do nothing and go with the panel decision

Answer 157

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

The right thing to do is to declare your personal interest and excuse yourself from the selection process.

Question 158

158You are working at a customer location in a foreign country where it is customary to exchange gifts during New Year celebrations. Your company forbids you from accepting any form of gift from your customer, but if you refuse to accept a gift and reciprocate the gesture, it can severely affect your relationship with the customer. In this case, it is BEST to:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Explain your company policy and politely refuse to accept any gifts

Discuss this situation with your Project Sponsor or legal department

Accept the gift and keep it confidential so that there is no loss of face for your organization

Take a break from project work to go on a small vacation during the New Year

Answer 158

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Since the company policy forbids the Project Manager from accepting any gifts, the Project Manager should consult the Project Sponsor and legal department.

Question 159

159Your project has faced some unforeseen issues that have delayed it. The project is very critical for the company, and it has to meet the scheduled deadline. In order to meet the deadline, your team would have to work over the weekends for the next two weeks. However, you know that many of the team members will have personal commitments, and it will be very difficult for them to work for seven consecutive days. What is the BEST option?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Hire additional resources and brief them about the project

Inform the customer that this deadline can’t be met

Discuss the situation with the team and give them the choice to willingly work overtime

Send an official mail, making it compulsory for the team to work over the weekends

Answer 159

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

The Project Manager should explore all the options to avoid delay in the project. In this case, there might be some team members willing to work over the weekends, and the Manager can plan the schedule once their availability is confirmed.

Question 160

160You are a Project Manager in the process of performing the work defined in the project management plan to achieve the project objectives. Which process are you in?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Develop Project Management Plan

Monitor and Control Project work

Direct and Manage project work

Answer 160

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

The Project Manager is currently in the direct and manage project work process that is a part of the execution process group.

Question 161

161A Project Manager, Joe, is discussing the observed variations between planned and actual values of defects with his quality engineer. He realizes that he has forgotten to identify one of the important metrics to analyze defects. Which process group is the Project Manager in if he evaluates the current result for the metric to see if it requires corrective action?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Planning

Executing

Monitor and Control

Quality Audit

Answer 161

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

The activity of identifying applicable quality standards, processes, and metrics is completed as part of project planning. In this case, the Project Manager is evaluating the variation in the current results for the new metric and whether it requires corrective action. Hence, he is in the monitor and control process group.

Question 162

162A Project Manager wants to monitor the performance of a process. She sets up thresholds for this purpose, and any observation beyond the threshold would trigger a root cause analysis and corrective/preventive actions. This is an example of:
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Specification limits

Control limits

Pareto charts

Tolerances

Answer 162

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Tolerances or specification limits are customer-specified limitations. These limits are meant for the purpose of controlling the process. Hence, they are control limits.

Question 163

163You are assigned as a Project Manager to a project in the execution stage. Current schedule and cost performance indices for the project, SPI and CPI, are 1.12 and 1.15, and project performance is well within the baseline. The defects found during internal testing for the last deliverable were well below the organization limits. However, the customer doesn’t seem to be happy with the project progress. What is the FIRST thing you should do?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Start managing the project as you gain more insight into day-to-day responsibilities

Meet with the project team to understand open issues in the project

Conduct a meeting with the customer to understand their concern over project progress

Improve project schedule and cost control measures so that SPI and CPI reach above 1.5

Answer 163

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

The most important thing for the Project Manager who is taking over the project midway is to understand why the customer is unhappy in spite of the project performance being well within the baseline. Option A wouldn’t address the main problem, and Option D has no valid justification. Option B could be a good option after talking to the customer to address their concerns and other issues in the project.

Question 164

164A Project Manager working in an iterative model of the product development lifecycle expects many changes during the course of the project. She wants to establish a robust configuration management system and also make her team aware of the process. Which of the following statements is NOT true about configuration management?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

The purpose of configuration management is to maintain the integrity of work product

Configuration management includes configuration audits, configuration control, configuration status accounting, and configuration identification

Configuration management focuses on establishing and maintaining consistency of a product’s requirements

Configuration management involves measuring project performance with baselines and taking corrective action when

Answer 164

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

This is done as a part of the process monitor and control project work. All the other statements describe the configuration management process.

Question 165

165A Project Manager has delivered a major deliverable of the project. The customer comes back a week after the release saying that he is not entirely satisfied with the deliverable. What should the Project Manager do NEXT?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Continue with the next deliverable as the project has to be finished on time

Talk to the Senior Manager to discuss the customer’s concern and resolution

Ensure that the next deliverables have the features that the customer specified and exceed his expectations

Do a scope verification of this deliverable to check if it satisfies project objectives

Answer 165

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Verifying the project scope includes reviewing deliverables to ensure that each is completed satisfactorily. If this is successful, it should provide customer satisfaction. Option C is gold plating, i.e., providing the customer something they didn’t ask for and that wouldn’t solve the problem. Options A and B avoid addressing the main problem directly and are not recommended.

Question 166

166Your project is in the final stages of testing, and the team is interacting with the customer on a daily basis to update the customer about the project status and incorporate feedback. Which of the following would be the most critical process to be followed in this scenario?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Control Quality

Control Scope

Manage Communications

Monitor Risks

Answer 166

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

In this case, frequent changes are expected to be made by the team based on customer feedback. When a change is presented, a part of considering the change involves additional planning. The Project Manager and the team must examine how the change affects the project work and knowledge areas. Thus, Control scope ensures that the project scope is protected from unnecessary changes and all eligible changes are made using the scope change control system. Option A, Control Quality, is more focused on ensuring conformance to documented standards and is not the correct choice.

Question 167

167John, a Project Manager, is proactively managing change through the control scope process. Which of the following should he be MOST worried about?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Value-Added Changes

Errors and Omissions

Risk Response

Verbal communication from key stakeholders

Answer 167

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Undocumented changes should never be allowed by the Project Manager. He or she should ensure that whenever a change is requested, the impact on features and functions of the product (including that on the triple constraints) is documented with a change request. Only then should the change continue through integrated change control. Option A, value-added changes, describes changes in the scope that would provide benefits such as cost reduction. Option B, errors and omissions, could be both in project scope, which is the work required to complete the project, and the product scope, which refers to the features and functions of the deliverables. Option C, risk response, involves changes in the scope required to mitigate an identified risk. Option D, verbal undocumented changes, poses maximum potential threat to a project.

Question 168

168The ES of an activity is 2 days, and the duration of the activity is 5 days. The LF for the activity is 8 days. What is the total float for this activity?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

6 days

3 days

1 day

5 days

Answer 168

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

We can calculate float using the formula EF=ES+D=2+5=7 and LS=LF-D=8-5=3. The formula for total float is LS-ES or LF-EF. The answer is 1 day.

Question 169

169As a Project Manager and member of the PMO (Project Management Office), you want to present a snapshot of the status of various projects that the organization is working on to the senior management. Which of the following charts would be most suitable for the purpose?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Milestone chart

Gantt Chart

Precedence diagram

Control chart

Answer 169

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

A milestone chart depicts key events along a timescale. It is used for top-level reporting so that management does not become bogged down in the details of the projects. A milestone chart can contain various colors or markings that indicate status. It can also contain other information related to the project(s), like customers, responsibility, duration, phase of the milestone, etc.

Question 170

170You are trying to figure out if there is a correlation between the slack time available in a shift and the number of rejected components produced during the shift. Which tool will you use to analyze this?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Pareto chart

Ishikawa diagram

Histogram

Scatter diagram

Answer 170

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Scatter diagrams are used to plot data between two variables to figure out if there is a pattern or correlation between them.

Question 171

171You are managing an infrastructure project that is nearing completion when a major stakeholder points out a flaw in the design that could make the entire structure weak. He suggests that you construct two support pillars that would provide the necessary support. You are worried that this change could impact the schedule and cost of the project significantly. What is your BEST response to the stakeholder?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Refuse his suggestion as the project is already nearing completion and it’s not possible to make any changes at this stage

Do a root cause analysis with the team to determine how this design flaw could have been missed and if there could be more potential problems with the design

Proceed with the change and communicate the impact on project schedule and cost to the customer

Use a schedule compression technique as part of integrated change control to investigate and minimize the adverse impact of the change

Answer 171

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Schedule compression technique is useful not only during project planning to see if the desired completion date can be met but also during integrated change control to look at the schedule impacts of changes to time, cost, scope, or risk. Option B seems to be in good faith but doesn’t address the immediate problem. Option C should be done once all the alternatives are explored to minimize the adverse effect of the change on the project schedule and other constraints.

Question 172

172As a Project Manager, you realize that the initial budget cost, Budget at Completion (BAC), for your project is no longer viable. You need to develop a new Estimate At Completion (EAC) forecast assuming that current variances would continue in the future. Which of the following formulae should you use to calculate EAC? Here, AC is the Actual Cost, EV is the Earned Value, and PV is the Planned Value.
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

EAC = AC + ETC

EAC= AC+ (BAC - EV)

EAC = EV/PV

EAC = BAC/Cumulative CPI

Answer 172

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

This method assumes current variances to be typical of the future. The remaining work is assumed to be performed at the same cumulative cost performance index (CPI) as what has been incurred by the project to date.

Question 173

173Earned value management is the tool and technique of which process?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Perform Integrated Change Control

Control Costs

Direct and Manage project work

Control Schedule

Answer 173

Correct Option:B

EXPLANATION

Earned value management is a tool and technique of the Control Costs process. See page 261 of PMBOK Guide - Sixth Edition

Question 174

174A project team with a CPI of 0.78 is looking for options to reduce cost. Which of the following would be the BEST option to do so?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Reduce a test cycle in the system testing phase

Reduce scope by cutting down non-essential features

Add more resources to expedite the schedule

Revisit estimates, eliminate risks, and then re-estimate

Answer 174

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Option C wouldn’t reduce cost. Option A and B would have a negative effect as they compromise on quality or scope. Of all the available options, D is the one with minimum negative effect.

Question 175

175You are a Project Manager. You need to decide whether to buy insurance for a temporary manufacturing facility. The likelihood of a mishap is assessed at 10% and the likely impact is evaluated at $500,000. The cost of insuring is $20,000 and has a $10,000 deductible. Would you buy insurance?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Yes, because 50,000 > 21,000

Yes, because 50,000 > 30,000

No, because 30,000 < 500,000

No, because 21,000 < 50,000

Answer 175

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

EMV when there is no insurance is -500,000 * 0.1 = $50,000. EMV when there is insurance is -(20,000+ 0.1*10,000) = -21,000. Therefore, it makes sense to buy insurance.

Question 176

176A project has a CV of -$500 and SPI of 1.2. What can be said about the project?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Your project is over budget and behind schedule

Your project is under budget and behind schedule

Your project is over budget and ahead of schedule

Your project is under budget and ahead of schedule

Answer 176

Correct Option:C

EXPLANATION

CV < 0 indicates that the project over budget; SPI > 1 indicates that project is ahead of schedule

Question 177

177As a manager, you would like to get the status on the remaining work with respect to the remaining funds. Which of the following measures will give you the information?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

To-Complete Performance Index

Earned Value Technique Performance

Variance Analysis

Trend Analysis

Answer 177

Correct Option:A

EXPLANATION

To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI) is the calculated projection of cost performance that must be achieved on the remaining work to meet a specified management goal. The formula to calculate TCPI is Work Remaining (BAC-EV)/Funds Remaining (BAC-AC) or (EAC-AC), where AC is the Actual Cost, EV is the Earned Value, EAC is Estimate at Completion, and BAC is Budget at Completion.

Question 178

178In a normal distribution, what is the probability of finding the actual value between 1 standard deviation distance from the mean?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

0. 95
1. 9973
2. 5
3. 68

Answer 178

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

The answer is based on the property of the normal distribution where 68% of data falls within 1 SD, 95 % of data falls within 2SD and 99% data falls within 3 SD.

Question 179

179A team is inspecting specific project deliverables to ensure that they are in accordance with the specifications. Which process is the team working on?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

Manage quality

Validate Scope

Plan Quality Management

Control Quality

Answer 179

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Quality control is the process of examining specific project deliverables to ensure they are in accordance with the requirements/specifications.

Question 180

180Your project is going through an audit cycle. One of the senior auditors points out that the target value for Schedule Performance Index (SPI) is set to a low value and should be increased by at least 5 percent. You try to tell the auditor that this target value is in accordance with the organization baseline and cannot be changed. Which of the following is the CORRECT statement in this case?
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER

The auditor is right; as the project must meet a critical deadline, target SPI should be increased.

The auditor is right; the target value of SPI is a benchmark for the project, and it should be kept high.

The Project Manager is right; as the project schedule is not critical, target SPI value needn’t be kept too high.

The Project Manager is right; target SPI is based on an organization baseline derived from its process maturity level and should be followed by the project.

Answer 180

Correct Option:D

EXPLANATION

Most organizations set up an organization-level baseline called Process Capability Baseline (PCB). This specifies what results to expect when a process is followed. Using PCB, a project manager can predict, at the gross level, effort required at various stages, defect densities, overall quality, and productivity. In this case, the Project Manager is right to set the target values of his project metrics based on the organization baseline value.