PMLS LESSON 8 book Flashcards
is the process of cleansing an object or substance to remove containments such as microorganisms or hazardous materials.
decontamination
is to reduce the level of microbial contamination so that transmission is eliminated
primary objective of decontamination
primary objective of decontamination?
is to reduce the level of microbial contamination so that transmission is eliminated
when do you Deconntaminate equipment and work surfaces routine?
after spills or contamination, when work is finished, when removing equipment from the lab, before disposing or reusing potentially infectious materials, “Dusting”
a process that completely eliminates all viable microorganisms, including the most resistant forms.
Sterilization
the definition is categorical and absolute- an item either is sterile or not
Sterilization
probability of a microorganism surviving on an item subjected to treatment is less than in one million
sterility assurance level
what is the probability of a microorganism surviving on an item subjected to treatment?
less than one in one million
generally a less lethal process than sterilization.
disinfection
it is the elimnation of nearly all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not necessarily all microbial form on inanimate objects
disinfection
it is a system for classifying liquid chemical germicides and inanimate surfaces
Spauling classification
Who made Spaulding classification?When was it? And what is it about?
in 1972, Dr. Earl Spaulding it is a system for classifying liquid chemical germicides and inanimate surfaces
what are the spaulding classification?
critical, semi critical and non-critical
instruments or devices that are exposed to normally sterile areas of the body requires sterilization. what spaulding classification does this belong?
critical
instruments or devices that touch mucous membranes may be either sterilized or disinfected. What spaulding classification does it belong?
semi-critical
intruments or devices that touch skin or come into contact with persons only indirectly can be either cleaned and then disinfected with an intermediate-level disinfectant, sanitized with a low-level disinfectant or simply cleaned with soap and water. What spaulding classfication does it belong?
non-critical
How can non-critical of the spaulding classification be cleaned and disinfected?
interediate-level disinfectatnt, sanitized with a low-level disinfectant or simply clean with soap and water
how can critical of the spaulding classification be cleaned?
through sterilization
how can semi-critical of the spaulding classification be cleaned?
sterilization or disinfectant
what are the spaulding’s classification of chemical germicides by activitiy level?
High-level disinfection (Sporocides), intermediate-level disinfection (Tuberculocides), low-level disinfection (Hospital-grade disinfectant or sanitizers)
kills vegetative microorganisms and inactivates viruses, but not necessarily high numbers of bacterial spores. What classification of chemical germicides by activitiy level of spaulding does it belong?
High-level disinfection (sporocides)
as a disinfectant, it is used to for relatively short periods of time (10-30 minutes)What classification of chemical germicides by activitiy level of spaulding does it belong?
High-level disinfection (sporocides)
Capable of sterilization when the contact time is relatively love (6-10 hours). What classification of chemical germicides by activitiy level of spaulding does it belong?
High-level disinfection (sporocides)
A code in category A where it is for substances that cause disease in animals only
UN 2900
a code that refers for substances that cause disease in humans or in both humans and animals under category A
UN 2814
a product factor where it referes to some disinfectant may require specific storage conditions
proper storage conditions
a product factor where it refers to the frequency of application ensures lesser probability of contamination
rate of application
a product factor where it refers to wiping (physical), fumigation, soaking, heat
method of application
it Is under the product factor where it refers to some products may lose efficacy as it nears expiry
age of the product or solution
what are the product factors under the factors for disinfection?
age of the product or solution, method of application, rate of application , proper storage conditions
under the chemical disinfectant factor where it varies between disinfectants depending on how they eliminate microbes?
shelf life
under the chemical disinfectant factor where longer contact time allows for more microbes to be killed
contact time
under the chemical disinfectant where innate mechanism at which the disinfectant operates
potency
under the chemical disinfectant factor where generally, higher concentrations provide more potency
concentration
what are the chemical disinfectant factors?
concentration, potency, contact time and shelf-life
under the physical condition where it can affect the efficiency of gas based disinfectants depending on how they eliminate microbes
relative humidity
under the physical condition where it referes to the elevated temperature may enhance action of disinfectant but too high temp. promotes evaporation of liquid disinfectant
temperature
under the physical condition where it referes to the different surface types where it requires different decontamination procedures
medium being treated
what are the factros of physical conditions?
medium being treated, temperature and relative humidity
what are the factors of microbial conditions?
volume and concentration and innate resistance
under the microvial condition where it refers to the microbes’ innat ability to resist the disinfecting agent’s mechanism of action
innate resistance
it is under the microvial condition where greater microvial load requires increased volume or increased potency of disinfecting agent?
volume and concentration
what are the factors affecting disinfection?
microbial conditions, physical condition, chemical disinfectant, product factors
is typically used to reduce level of airborne microorganisms and maintain good air hygiene in air locks
UV radiation
will destroy microorganisms but not a practical tool for lab use
ionizing radiation
a process of dry heat where ionizing radion will destro microoganisms but is not a practical tool for lab use
radiation
a controverisal practice due to environmental implication
incineration
is the treatment of hoice for animal bedding, carcasses and pathological wastes but not plastics
incineration
period of dry oven and temperature?
2 hours at 160 C 1 at 170 C
relies on condiction to heat materials
dry oven
used to sterilizae items that may be damaged by moist heat or that inpenetrable to moist heat?
dry heat
containers of an autoclave material?
may be placed in polypropylene
What can be autoclave?
pathogenic plant material, culture and stocks of infectious agnets, contaminated solids, discarded vaccines, glasswares and animal wastes
what can’t be autoclave?
corrosive chemical, radioactive materials
most dependable system available for decontamination of laboratory wastes and the sterilization of lab glassware, media and reagents
autoclaves
what’s the autoclaves psi? and temp and time?
15 psi, 121 degrees celcius for 30-60 minutes time is dependent on the material to be sterilized
refers to autoclaving or steam sterilization
wet heat
Thermal agents is catageroized to?
wet and dry heat
thermal agents is utilized in?
high temperature to kill microbes
why is formaldehyde fatal?
ingestion of this chemical can be fatal and long term exposre to low levels in the air or the skin causes asthma-like respiratory problems
it is a potential carcinogen
formaldehyde
what is formaldehyde sold and used as? What is its weight?
formalin, 37% formaldehyde
what is formaldehyde used as?
disinfectant and sterilant to both liquids and gases
why is alcohol not recommended for sterilizing medical and surgical materials
lacks sporicidal properties and connot penetrate protein rich materials
alcohol needs a long contact time for?
fungi and mycobacteria
Alcohol has a short contact time for ?
bacteria and eveloped viruses
alcohol destroys and but do not destroys?
tubverculocidal, fungicidal and viracidal, does not destroy bacterial spores
alcohol is rather __________ than __________ against vegetative forms of bacteria
rapidly bacteriacidal than bacteriostatic
what percentage is alcohol effetive?
70% in water of ethyl or isporpyl alcohol
what does hypochlorite contains? And is most widely used of?
tuberculocidal, fungicidal and virucidal, most widely used of the chlorine disinfectant
general name of hypochlorites?
sodium hypochlorite, 5.25%-6.15% sodium hypochlorite, household bleach
what happens when hypochlorite solutions contact to formaldehyde?
carcinogen (bischloromethyl)
dilution rate of hypochlorites?
1:10 dilution rate
contact time of hypochlorites?
generally short contact time, requires long contact time for bacteria spores > or equal to 30 mins
known as sodium hypochlorite, 5.25%-6.15% sodium hypochlorite, household bleach
hypochlorites
contains bactericidal, tuberculocidal, fungicidal and virucidal properties
hypochlorites
most widely used of the chlorine disinfectants
hypochlorites
what are the types of chemical agents
hypochlorites, alcohol, formaldehyde
what are the two types of decontaminating agents?
chemical agents and thermal agents
poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?
nonlipid or small viruses
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bar bocis, nontuberculous mycobacteria. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?
Mycobacteria
Bacillius subtiis, clostridium sporogenes. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?
Bacterial spores
trichophyton spp. Crypotococcus spp, candida spp. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?
Fungi
psedomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella chloraesuis, enterococci. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?
vegetative bacteria
herpes simplex virus, CMV, respiratory syncytial virus, HBV, HCV, HIV, Hantavirus, ebola virus. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?
lipid-or medium size viruses
in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to lipid or medium-size viruses
herpes simplex virus, CMV, respiratory syncytial virus, HBV, HCV, HIV, Hantavirus, ebola virus
in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to vegetative bacteria
psedomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella chloraesuis, enterococci
in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to fungi?
trichophyton spp. Crypotococcus spp, candida spp.
in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to nonlipid or small viruses
poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus
in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to mycobacteria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bar bocis, nontuberculous mycobacteria
in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to bacterial spores
Bacillius subtiis, clostridium sporogenes
What is the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals?
Bacterial spores, mycobacteria. Non-lipid or small viruses, fungi, vegetative bacteria, lipid or medium-size viruses
kills vegetative microorganisms, including mycobacterium tuberculosis, all fungi and inactivates most viruses
Intermediate-level disinfection (Tuberculosides)
disinfection of laboratory benches and as part of detergent germicides used for housekeeping purposes. What level of disinfection?
Intermediate-level disinfection (Tuberculosides)
kills most vegetative bacteria except M. Tuberculosis, some fungi and inactivates some viruses. What level of disinfection?
low-level disinfection (Hospital-grade disinfectant or sanitizers)
what are not killed in low-level disinfection?
M. Tuberculosis, some fungi and inactivates some viruses
what are killed in intermediate-level disinfection (Tubculocides)
vegetative microorganisms, including mycobacterirum tuberculosis, all fungi, and inactivates most viruses
what are killed in high-level disinfection (Sporocides)
kills vegetative microorganisms and inactivates viruses but not necessarily high numbers of bacterial spores.
