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PMLS > PMLS LESSON 7 > Flashcards

PMLS LESSON 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Application of safety precautions that reduce a laboratorian’s risk of exposure to a potentially infectious microbe and limit contamination of the work environment and, ultimately, the community.

A

biosafety

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2
Q

what is biosafety?

A

Application of safety precautions that reduce a laboratorian’s risk of exposure to a potentially infectious microbe and limit contamination of the work environment and, ultimately, the community.

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3
Q

What does biosafety intends to?

A

Protect people against bad bugs

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4
Q

The discipline addressing the security of microbiological agents and toxins and the threats posed to human and animal health, the environment, and the economy by DELIBERATE misuse or release.

A

Biosecurity

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5
Q

biosecurity is the discipline addressing the security of ____________ and ______ and the threats posed to human and animal health, the environment, and the economy by __________ misuse or release.

A

microbiological agents, toxins, deliberate

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6
Q

is to emphasize that biosecurity will have the element of intentional or deliberate misuse of the microbiological agent and/or toxin to harm/to pose threats to human, animal health, environment, and economy.

A

deliberate

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7
Q

what does biosecurity intend to?

A

“PROTECT BAD BUGS AGAINST BAD PEOPLE”

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8
Q

where does this belong?
Protect people against bad bugs

A

Biosafety

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9
Q

where does this belong?“PROTECT BAD BUGS AGAINST BAD PEOPLE”

A

Biosecurity

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10
Q

So, __________ whether we like it or not, they are already present in the environment. They are naturally occurring, it is only when bad people intervene/it is only through the intervention of ______ or ________ that these microorganisms are used to cause harm to as I mentioned human, animal health, environment, community and in effect the economy as well

A

microorganisms , bad or malicious people

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11
Q

what does microogranisms are used to cause harm to?

A

Human, animal health, environment, community and in effect the economy

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12
Q

it is a classic example of a biosafety breach?

A

Sverdlovsk anthrax leak

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13
Q

it happened during April and May 1979 where an unsual anthrax epidemic occured in Sverdlovsk Union of Socialist Republics.

A

Sverdlovsk Anthrax Leak

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14
Q

When did Sverdlovsk Anthrax Leak happened?

A

April and may 1979

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15
Q

what happened during 1979? and where?

A

unusual anthrax epidemic occurred in Sverdlovsk Union of Socialist Republics or also known as the Sverdlovsk anthrax leak

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16
Q

it is where the soviet officials attributed it to the consumption of contaminated meat

A

Sverdlovsk anthrax leak

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17
Q

how did the US agencies attributed the Sverdlovsk Antrax ?

A

through inhalation of spores and accidentally released at a military microbiology facility.

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18
Q

The _________ attributed it to the consumption of contaminated meat. However, ________ attributed it to the inhalation of spores, accidentally released at a military microbiology facility in the city.

A

Soviet Officials, US agencies

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19
Q

The _________ attributed it to the consumption of contaminated meat. However, ________ attributed it to the inhalation of spores, accidentally released at a military microbiology facility in the city.

A

Soviet Officials, US agencies

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20
Q

define Anthrax Spores

A

they are easily found in nature, produced in a lab and can last for a long time in the environment,
They are bacillus anthracis
Makes a good weapon because it can be released quietly without anyone knowing
Microscopic spores of this bacteria could be put into powder, sprays, food, and water- so small could not be able to see, smell, or taste them
Presents greater risk of deliberate misuse with significant potential mass casualties or devastating effect to the economy and posses severe threat to public health and safety

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21
Q

what is the causitive agent anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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22
Q

What is the bacteria used in anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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23
Q

Easily found in nature

A

Anthrax spores

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24
Q

why is antrax spores a good weapon?

A

Makes a good weapon- can be released quietly without
anyone knowing
Microscopic spores of this bacteria could be put into powder, sprays, food, and water- so small could not be able to see, smell, or taste them

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25
Q

what is the bacillus anthracis considered to be?

A

tier one agent - very dangerous microorganism

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26
Q

when did the Sverdlovsk anthrax leak happened and when was the unusual anthrax outbreak?

A

April 2 1979

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27
Q

what happened during april 2 1979? How many people were killed? in what city?

A

outbreak of the antrax occured where it affected 94 people and killed at least 64 of them in the Soviet City of Sverdlovsk which is currently called Ekaterinburg or Yekaterinburg
roughly 850 miles east of moscow

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28
Q

how many people were killed during the Anthrax outbreak?

A

94 people were killed and atleast 64 of them in the Soviety city of Sverdlovsk or Ekaterinburg or Yekaterinburg which is now the present name

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29
Q

when did the first victim and last victim died under the influence of anthrax?

A

4 days first
last victime died six weeks later

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30
Q

what did the soviet government claimed about the deaths of the victims?

A

claimed that it was caused by intestinal anthrax from tainted meat

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31
Q

they suspected that the outbreak was caused by an accidental release of anthrax spores from a suspected Soviet biological
weapons facility located in the city

A

Officials in the Carter (President of the US) Administration

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32
Q

Officials in the Carter (President of the US) Administration - suspected that the outbreak was caused by an accidental ______________ from a suspected ____________ facility located in the city

A

release of anthrax spores , soviet biological weapon

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33
Q

what did the US believed?

A

the US believed that the soviet union was violating

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34
Q

it is the fundamental objective of any biosafety program?

A

the containment of potentially harmful biologic agents

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35
Q

a design where The fundamental objective of any biosafety program is the containment of potentially harmful biologic agents

A

Containment laboratory design

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36
Q

is a term used in describing safe methods, facilities and equipment for managing infectious materials in the laboratory environment where they are being handled or maintained.

A

containment

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37
Q

what is the purpose of containment?

A

to reduce or eliminate exposure of laboratory workers, other persons and outside enviroment to potentially hazardous agents

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38
Q

it is to reduce or eliminate. Exposure of laboratory workers, other persons, and the outside environment to potentially hazardous agents.

A

purpose of containment

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39
Q

it Provides immediate protection to workers in the biological laboratory from exposure to chemical and biological hazards. what level of containment is it?

A

primary containment

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40
Q

what is primary containment?

A

Provides immediate protection to workers in the biological laboratory from exposure to chemical and biological hazards

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41
Q

what are the examples of primary containment?

A

Biosafety cabinets, Ventilation equipment, Animal Isolation Cages, Vials, Flasks, Pipettes

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42
Q

have designs to prevent the spread of hazardous agents in case of a breach. What type of containment is it?

A

primary containment

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43
Q

is the principal device used to provide containment of infectious droplets or aerosols generated by many microbiological procedures

A

biosafety cabinet

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44
Q

Intended to protect the laboratory worker, the community, and the environment from unintended contamination with a biological hazard. What type of containment is it?

A

secondary containment

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45
Q

Refers to the facility architectural features, Facility mechanical systems. What type of containment is it?

A

secondary containment

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46
Q

secondary containment is Intended to protect the laboratory worker, the community, and the environment from _________ with a biological hazard

A

unintended contamination

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47
Q

The design and construction of the facility contributes to the laboratory worker’s protection. what type of containment is it?

A

secondary containment

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48
Q

It provides a barrier to protect persons outside the laboratory and protects persons or animals in the community from infectious agents that may be accidentally released from the laboratory.

A

secondary containment

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49
Q

they are responsible for providing facilities commensurate with the laboratories function and the recommended by safety level for the agents being manipulated.

A

laboratory directors

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50
Q

what are laboratory directors responsible for?

A

responsible for prividing facilities commensurate with the laboratories function and the recommended by safety level for the agents being manipulated

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51
Q

will be dependent on how the facility is physically designed and constructed.

A

secondary containment

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52
Q

what is secondary containment dependent on?

A

dependent on how the facility is physically designed and constructed

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53
Q

medtechs do not concern this level of containment, what is it?

A

secondary containment

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54
Q

medtech is focused on this containment level, what is it?

A

primary containment

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55
Q

what is the best way to protect laboratory workers?

A

wearing ppe

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56
Q

Worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious
workplace injuries and illnesses

A

ppe

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57
Q

what does ppe include?

A

eye or face protection, body protection, gloves, respiratory protection

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58
Q

A plague that terrorized Europe around the 17th Century

A

black death

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59
Q

where and when did the black death happened?

A

europe, 17 th century

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60
Q

what is the bacteria that caused the black death

A

yersinia pestis

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61
Q

what did the eurpeans thought about black death disease transmission?

A

it was thought that the disease was transmitted through poisoned air but in reality it was transmitted through rodent flea bites

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62
Q

what is outift of ppe during the earliest?

A

includes a coat covered in scented wax, a tucked in shirt, hat and gloves and rod

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63
Q

what do call the doctor during the black death and what did it wear?

A

plaque doctor, was wearing a coat covered in scented wax, a tucked in shirt, hat and gloves and rod.

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64
Q

Plague doctors wore a _________ filled with ______.

A

beak shaped mask, perfume

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65
Q

this was presumably done to mask the stench of the dead plague victims as they move along the towns that were ravaged by the by the disease.

A

plaque doctors wearing beak shaped masked filled with perfume

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66
Q

They also believe that placing _____ on the beak will _______ the disease from being transmitted.

A

herbs, prevent

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67
Q

what was the source of transmission for the bacteria during the black death?

A

rodent flea bites

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68
Q

what are the common personal protective equipments?

A

Eye & Face Protection, body protection, gloves, respiratory protection, N95/KN95 masks

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69
Q

During the pandemic it was required by the government to prevent or minimize the risk of transmitting COVID-19

A

face shield

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70
Q

what are some examples of eye and face protection?

A

safety goggles, face shield

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71
Q

What are examples of body protection?

A

lab gowns, lab coveralls

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72
Q

Helps protect your body from spills, accidental spills

A

laboratory gwons

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73
Q

Not usually worn as a routine practice in our country, during wards medical workers just wear scrubs

A

laboratory coveralls and respirators

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74
Q

is the most common personal protective equipment

A

gloves

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75
Q

what are some examples of ppe gloves?

A

nitrile/latex glove
chemical resistant gloves

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76
Q

what are some examples of respiratory protection?

A

respirators, surgical masks

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77
Q

is the minimum standard form of respiratory protection

A

surgical masks

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78
Q

They are disposable and should not be reused, washed,
microwaved, or doused in gasoline.

A

surgical masks

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79
Q

when should surgical masks be thrown away?

A

once its been soiled or is not fitted in the face correctly

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80
Q

They offer better protection than surgical masks.

A

N95/KN95 masks

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81
Q

what is the percentage that can filter out the N95/KN95 masks?

A

95%

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82
Q

According to the ________________, respirators are rated on how they are resistant against
oils

A

National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health

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83
Q

means that the respirator is not resistant to oil

A

N-rating

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84
Q

signifies that the mask can filter out 95% of airborne particles

A

95

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85
Q

N95 respirators are rated and approved for used in the _____, while KN95 are usually made and rated in _____.

A

US, China

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86
Q

the key is to ____________ properly for the protection of biohazardous substances.

A

wear the masks

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87
Q

what are some of the equipments of the prevention of exposure in the lab?

A

pipettes, centrifuge, biosafety cabinets

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88
Q

Are equipments used to transfer liquids from one container to another.

A

pipettes

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89
Q

Are designed to aspirate and dispense precise volumes of liquids which maybe used for testing or for the performance of laboratory test.

A

pipettes

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90
Q

pipettes Are designed to _______ and ________ precise volumes of liquids which maybe used for testing or for the performance of laboratory test.

A

aspirate and dispense

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91
Q

in modern pipettes what are discarded after use?

A

filtered tips

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92
Q

Weremadeoutofglassandhadtobewashedafter
every use

A

old pipettes

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93
Q

what are the ways that pipettes have improves?

A

plungers are less resistant, finger rest, filtered tips, tip ejectors

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94
Q

one of the features of a modern pipette were it is smooth to use?

A

plungers are less resistant

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95
Q

one of the features of a modern pipette were in dropping the pipette will be relatively harder or the pipette or liquid spilling is minimized
because there is a ______.

A

finger rest

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96
Q

one of the features of a modern pipette were the portion in the liquid will be aspirated to?

A

filtered tips

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97
Q

Removable and disposable meaning after every
pipetting procedure the filtered tips will just be
discarded

A

filtered tips

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98
Q

why is the pipette not needed to wash?

A

due to the presence of filtered tips

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99
Q

prevents the laboratorian from removing the filtered tips by hand or touching the filtered themselves

A

tip ejectors

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100
Q

It is where you pressed them, and the filtered tips just fall out.

A

tip ejectors

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101
Q

is an equipment used to separate particles that are suspended in the liquid, the particles may be separated according to particle size, density and viscosity

A

centrifuge

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102
Q

centrifuge are separated by?

A

particle size, density and viscosity

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103
Q

may vary according to the centrifuge speed or rotor speed

A

degree of separation

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104
Q

what do we always make sure in a centrifuge?

A

Alwaysmakesurethatthecarrierorcarouselisbalanced before you centrifuge

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105
Q

used to centrifuge the blood
units or blood bags

A

refrigerated centrifuge

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106
Q

used to spin the blood samples in the tubes

A

centrifuge

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107
Q

which is used for cross
matching

A

centrifuge for gel cards

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108
Q

what are the features of the old centrifuge?

A

safety centrifuge cup

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109
Q

a feature in the old centrifuge where it is a form of primary barrier or form of primary containment design

A

safety centrifuge cup

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110
Q

An enclosed container design to prevent aerosols
from being released during centrifugation

A

safety centrifuge cup

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111
Q

usually present when you close the centrifuge to prevent aerosols from escaping during centrifugation incase the caps of your tubes pops
off during centrifugation

A

gasket

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112
Q

what are the features of a modern centrifuge?

A

Locking lids, Aerosol proof rotor lids, Imbalance sensor, counterbalance

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113
Q

Centrifugation causes vibrations and if it won’t be locked there would be a tendency that it will open during centrifugation. What feature of the centrifuge prevents vibration?

A

locking lids

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114
Q

or also known as the centrifuge cup which prevents the release of aerosols

A

aerosols

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115
Q

the centrifuge cup is also known as ?

A

aerosol proof rotor lids

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116
Q

it senses the imbalance of the samples where in if you don’t provide a counterbalance or counterweight on the opposite end and proceed with the centrifugation the tendency it will cause destruction of the machine, or the sample may fly off or be broken.

A

imbalance sensors

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117
Q

what are some examples of counterbalance

A

tube with water or sample with the same volume placed on the opposite end of the centrifuged sample

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118
Q

has been widely used to describe a variety of containment devices equipped with HEPA Filter(s), designed to protect personnel from biohazard materials

A

biosafety cabinets

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119
Q

According to the study by _______ et al 30% of the class II Biosafety cabinets installed in Southeast Asia are poorly designed, incorrectly installed, not verified, and maintained and not operated properly.

A

Whister T.

120
Q

in the study of Whistler T. what area was poorly designed and what equipment was it specifically?

A

30% of the class II biosafety cabinet located in the southeast asia

121
Q

it is The combination of laboratory practices and techniques, the safety equipment, and the laboratory practices

A

biosafety levels

122
Q

________ is specifically appropriate for the operations performed, the documented or suspected routes of transmission of the infectious agents manipulated, and the laboratory function or activity

A

Each combination of biosafety levels

123
Q

what is the relationship between the biosafety level and microbiological practices?

A

as the biosafety level increases, there are special microbiological practices that must be observed (directly proportional)

124
Q

A laboratory which is designated with BSL-1 is fairly benign

A

Biosafety level 1

125
Q

a level where the agents that you will be will will relatively not cause harm to immunocompetent adult humans. What biosafety level?

A

Biosafety level 1

126
Q

Suitable for work involving agents not known to consistently cause disease in immunocompetent adult humans

A

Biosafety level 1

127
Q

it presents minimal potential hazard laboratory personnel and the environment

A

biosafety level 1

128
Q

what equipment is not usually required in the Biosafety level 1?

A

Biosafety Cabinets

129
Q

where is work usually conducted in Biosafety level 1?

A

conducted on open bench tops using standard microbiological practices

130
Q

what are the difference between biosafety level 1 and level 2?

A

BSL 2 it is where laboratory personnel have
specific training in handling pathogenic agents and are supervised by scientist competent in handling infectious agents and associated procedures

131
Q

it is build upon BSL-1 practices

A

BSL 2

132
Q

Suitable for work involving agents that pose moderate hazards to personnel and the environment. what BSL is it?

A

Biosafety level 2

133
Q

Access to the laboratory is restricted while work is being conducted, what level of biosafety?

A

BSL 2

134
Q

where are all the procedures conducted in BSL 2 during the use of infectious aerosols or splashes?

A

Biosafety cabinets or other physical containment equipments

135
Q

it is where Laboratory personnel must be provided medical surveillance,
as appropriate, and offered available immunization for agents
handled or potentially present in the laboratory. What BSL is it?

A

BSL 2

136
Q

It builds upon the practices in BSL-2 and more

A

Biosafety level 3

137
Q

special practices are added in this level

A

BSL 3

138
Q

Applicable to clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities where work is performed with indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal diseases through the inhalation route of exposure. What level does the description belong?

A

BSL 3

139
Q

in the BSL 3, where are all the procedures conducted during the involvement of infectious materials?

A

Biosafety cabinets or other physical containment devices

140
Q

what are the features of a BSL 3 laboratory?

A

Special engineering and design features

141
Q

it is the highest level of biosafety

A

Biosafety level 4

142
Q

Strict standards and special microbiological practices
should be observed when you are working in a________
laboratory

A

BSL 4

143
Q

what are the practices should be observed when you are working in a BSL 4 Laboratory ?

A

Strict standards and special microbiological practices

144
Q

Agents with a close or identical antigenic relationship to
agents requiring BSL-4 must be handled also at the BSL-4 level until sufficient data are obtained either to confirm continued work at the BSL-4 level or to redesignate the level. What BSL does the description fit?

A

BSL 4

145
Q

Required for work with DANGEROUS and EXOTIC agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease that is frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments, or a related agent with unknown risks of transmission. In What BSL does the description fit into?

A

BSL 4

146
Q

Usually BSL-4 research labs are holding strains of ______, very highly infectious exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of ______ laboratory infections

A

Ebola Virus, aerosol-transmitted

147
Q

Laboratory staff must understand the primary and secondary containment functions of standard and special practices containment equipment and laboratory design characteristics. What BSL does the description fit into?

A

BSL 4

148
Q

in the BSL, Laboratory staff must understand the ______ and _____ containment functions of _______ and _______ practices containment equipment and laboratory design characteristics

A

primary, secondary, standard, special

149
Q

All _________ and ________ must be competent in handling agents and procedures requiring BSL-4 containment

A

laboratory staff and supervisors

150
Q

this is where they store or house dangerous and exotic agents?

A

BSL 4 Lab

151
Q

what are probably stored in the BSL 4 lab?

A

Strains of anthrax or bacillus anthracis

152
Q

may be used as a bioterrorism agent?

A

anthrax or bacillus anthracis

153
Q

Any breaches in these types of laboratories will have dire consequences. what BSL does the description fit into?

A

BSL 4

154
Q

in bsl 4 Laboratory staff must have _____ and __________ in handling __________.

A

specific and thorough training, extremely hazardous infectious agents

155
Q

have special engineering and design features to prevent microorganisms from being disseminated into the environment. What type of cabinet and suit?

A

BSL 4 cabinet and suit laboratories

156
Q

in entering the facility of BSL 4, it must be ______ by means of secure, locked doors.

A

limited

157
Q

in BSL 4 lab, what is the means of documenting the data and time of all persons entering and leaving the laboratory must be maintained

A

logbook

158
Q

While the laboratory is operational, personnel must enter and exit the laboratory through the clothing change and shower rooms, except during emergencies. What BSL does the desctiption fit into?

A

BSL 4

159
Q

While the laboratory is operational, personnel must enter and exit the laboratory through the __________ and _________, except during emergencies

A

clothing change and shower rooms

160
Q

in the BSL 4, what are removed in the outdoor clothing change room?

A

personal clothing

161
Q

All persons entering the laboratory must use laboratory clothing, including undergarments, pants, shirts, jumpsuits, shoes, and gloves as appropriate. What bsl does the description fit into?

A

BSL 4

162
Q

in BSL 4, All persons leaving the laboratory must take a _________ to ensure that none of the dangerous and exotic agents that you are working with will be carried with you when you go home, when you go out of the facility, or when you potentially expose yourself to other people

A

personal body shower

163
Q

what do you call the suit that a personnel must wear, where it has a positive pressure supplied air protective suit?

A

Suit laboratory

164
Q

what is a suit laboratory?

A

it is a positive pressure supplied air protective suit or an enclosed suit that protects them from the biohazard agent

165
Q

in a BSL-4 laboratory, all manipulations of infectious agents must be performed within a ________ or ________.

A

Biosafety cabinet or other primary barrier system

166
Q

Workers must wear laboratory clothing such as _________ before entering the room used for donning positive pressure suits

A

scrub suits

167
Q

in bsl 4, _________ must be worn to protect against break or tears in the outer suit gloves.

A

Inner disposable gloves

168
Q

biosafety cabinets have a pass-through vent that will able personnel to put samples inside. What do you call them?

A

autoclaves

169
Q

is a form of decontamination where you expose the material that you want to decontaminate
through steam pressure or heat

A

autoclaving

170
Q

is released inside the cabinet
and effectively all of the potentially hazardous
microorganisms or hazardous agents are killed

A

decontamination gas

171
Q

what level of cabinet must be performed during the manipulation of agents?

A

Class 3 Biosafety cabinet

172
Q

what equipment is used for decontamination when materials that cannot be exposed to stream as they will go through?

A

dunk tank or fumigation chamber

173
Q

Are designed to provide personnel, environmental, and
product protection

A

Biosafety cabinets

174
Q

These cabinets provide protection when appropriate practices and procedures are followed

A

biosafety cabinets

175
Q

what are the three kinds of biological safety cabinets?

A

Class 1, 2 and 3

176
Q

have been developed to meet varying research and clinical needs.

A

3 kinds of biological safety cabinets

177
Q

what were biosafety cabinets called before?

A

Clean air cubicles

178
Q

were designed to protect the materials being manipulated from environmental or worker generated contamination rather than to protect the worker from the risks associated with the manipulation of potentially hazardous materials.

A

clean air cubicles

179
Q

The cubicle or the clean air cubicle will have air from __________ to prevent environmental contaminants from getting inside the cubicle or the PROTOTYPE CABINETS

A

insde, blowing outside

180
Q

These cubicles could not be used for handling infectious agents because the worker was in a contaminated airstream. what equipement was being reffered in here?

A

Air cubicles

181
Q

Provides personal and environmental protection but no product protection. What level of biosafety cabinet is it referring to?

A

Class I BSC

182
Q

describe class I BSC

A

has the most basic and rudimentary design of all biological safety cabinetry available today, no product protection but provides personal and environmental protection

183
Q

it is equipped with inflow what BSC class is it referring to?

A

BSC Class I

184
Q

prevents the aerosol generated
during microbiological manipulations to escape through
the front opening

A

inflow

185
Q

This cabinet is not routinely used because it does not protect
the product because it does not protect the product — because air from outside the biosafety cabinet can go inside the biosafety cabinet, thereby introducing contaminants to the cabinet itself (because of this inflow, it protects the laboratory worker from getting exposed to the hazardous agents)

A

BSC Class I

186
Q

BSC class I, This cabinet is not routinely used because it does not protect
the product because it does ______ the product — because air from ______ the biosafety cabinet can go inside the biosafety cabinet, thereby introducing ________ to the cabinet itself (because of this inflow, it protects the laboratory worker from getting exposed to the hazardous agents)

A

not protect, outside, contaminants

187
Q

this type of cabinet happens when The air is then passed through inside the cabinet and then expelled outside (probably through an exhaust system). what cabinet is it?

A

BSC Class I

188
Q

Does not have HEPA filters; air coming out of this will be unfiltered. So if the air gets contaminated with whatever microbiological agent you are manipulating, there is a tendency where you will be discarding contaminated air into the environment. Although there are some that have HEPA filters; filtered from any microbiological/hazard agents. What type of cabinet is this?

A

Biosafety Cabinet I

189
Q

is the most common class II cabinet. It is also the most common safety cabinet of all the types available.

A

Class II Biosafety cabinet Type A

190
Q

Inflow flows through the front inlet grill. what type of cabinet is it?

A

BSC Class II

191
Q

___________ HEPA-filtered air
stream that descends downward, continuously flushes the
cabinet interior of airborne contaminants in class II biosafety cabinets

A

Downflow vertical laminar (unidirectional)

192
Q

What cabinets are suitable for microbial agents for the level of BSL 1,2, and 3?

A

Class I and II BSC

193
Q

in BSC class II, There is already an _______ wherein the outside air is directed towards it (so that the air will not go to the work area).

A

opening inlet grill

194
Q

in the BSC class II, what flow protects the product?

A

Downward flow of the HEPA Filter

195
Q

All of the air that is exhausted outside is particulate free/passes through a filter and can be circulated back to the laboratory (if the BSC is in good working condition and the
HEPA filters are changed regularly). What class of BSC does this belong?

A

BSC class II

196
Q

Glove Ports are where the Laboratorian or Clinical Laboratory Scientist or the Laboratory Worker will place their hand to manipulate whatever is inside the biosafety cabinet (it’s sealed off, nothing can pass through). The only way to access your hazardous or microbiological agents or product is through the glove ports. What class of BSC does the description fit into?

A

BSC Class III

197
Q

The only way to access your hazardous or microbiological agents or product is through the _______, in a BSC Class III

A

Glove ports

198
Q

how can you access the passage of materials into the cabinet with a class III Biosafety cabinet

A

Dunk tank

199
Q

BSC 3 are utilized in what BSL?

A

BSL 4

200
Q

Made of welded metal construction and are designed to be gas tight. what BSC does this belong?

A

BSC Class III

201
Q

how is worked performed in a BSC class III

A

Glove ports

202
Q

what pressure is maintained in a class BSC III?

A

Negative pressure

203
Q

A _______ provides product protection and prevents cross contamination of samples. Exhaust air is usually HEPA ________ and _____ (it still undergoes incineration because again a BSC Class 3 is utilized in a BSL Level 4 Laboratory).

A

supply of HEPA filtered air, filtered and incinerated

204
Q

Suitable for work with microbiological agents assigned to BSL 1, 2, 3, and 4. what class of BSC does the description fit into?

A

BSC class III

205
Q

it has all of the features of the previous BSCs except there is no inflow in front because there is no sash. There is no glass opening, only the glove ports. What BSC does the description fit into?

A

BSC class III

206
Q

in a BSC Class III, All ___________________ is provided from inside the cabinet itself.

A

HEPA filtered air or air stream

207
Q

it is the glass pane or glass panel that you can move upwards or downwards?

A

Sash

208
Q

what do you do before when you are working in a BSC?

A
  1. Clean interior panels & materials/items placed inside.
  2. Purge air for 3+ minutes.
  3. Adjust sash to working height.
209
Q

a process where you will continuously blow a direction of air inside the cabinet to remove all potential contaminants when you work inside the biosafety cabinets.

A

Purge air

210
Q

Usually, the ________ is adjusted such that your arms may pass through the opening freely, but your _____ must be covered by the glass at all times to prevent contamination and prevent potential infection of the laboratorian.

A

sash level, face

211
Q

what do you do with the BSC during use?

A
  1. Designate clean, working, and dirty areas
  2. Clean as you go
  3. Protect the air curtain
  4. Do not use flame inside the BSC
212
Q

Rapid movement of a worker’s arms in a sweeping motion into and out of the cabinet will disrupt the _______________ and compromise the ______________ barrier provided by the BSC.

A

air curtain, partial containment

213
Q

what do you do after the use of a BSC?

A
  1. Clean interior panels & items stored outside
  2. Purge the air for 3+ minutes.
  3. Turn on UV if safe.
  4. Accomplish the usage log
214
Q

a lamp that you can turn on to kill any residual microorganisms that were not killed when you cleaned the interior panels.

A

UV Decontaminating or UV Filter

215
Q

Manipulate highly infectious agents and without the risk of contaminating the environment through air exhaust and exposing the laboratorian to the infectious agent itself because before it gets out of the air cabinet, the air has
been filtered using ________________ filter.

A

HEPA

216
Q

was developed to create dust free
work environments in the 1940s.

A

hepa filter

217
Q

when was hepa filter created?

A

1940s

218
Q

HEPA filters remove the most penetrating particle size of ______ with an efficiency of at least _____

A

0.3 μm, 99.99 % if book, if discussion 99.97%

219
Q

is a single sheet of borosilicate fibers treated with a wet strength water repellent binder.

A

HEPA Filter medium

220
Q

Like a sheet of paper and it is pleated to increase the overall surface area inside the filter frames.

A

Borosilicate fiber

221
Q

what fiber is the HEPA filter made of?

A

Borosilicate fiber

222
Q

in a borosilicate fiber the pleats are divided by ______

A

corrugated aluminum separators

223
Q

increases the rigidity of the hepa filter

A

Aluminum separator

224
Q

Italsopreventsthepleatsfromcollapsingintheairstreamand
provides a path for airflow

A

aluminum separator

225
Q

the ___________ is glued into a wood, metal or plastic frame

A

aluminum separator__________

226
Q

it is usually metal one of the parts of the HEPA Filter

A

Filter frame

227
Q

By ______ the borosilicate fibers or the HEPA filter, you’re increasing the _____ at which the air must pass through.

A

pleating, surface area

228
Q

Borosilicate microfibers are present in all BSCs however not all is present. What BSC is it referring to?

A

Class I BSC

229
Q

microbes not known to consistently cause disease in immunocompetent adult humans of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment

A

BSL-1

230
Q

what are the examples of BSL-1?

A

Skin bacteria and yeast

231
Q

at what level of BSL happens where microbes pose moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment.

A

BSL-2

232
Q

what are the examples of BSL-2?

A

Herpes simplex, common cold viruses (RSV, rhinoviruses) salmonella

233
Q

indigenous or exotic microbes that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease via inhalation. What level of BSL does it fit?

A

BSL 3

234
Q

what are some examples of BSL-3?

A

Tuberculosis, sars-cov-2, highly pathogenic avian influenza, plaque (yersinia pestis)

235
Q

exotic agents that pose a high risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease that is frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments. What BSL does the description fit into?

A

BSL 4

236
Q

what are the examples of BSL-4?

A

Ebola virus, smallpox virus

237
Q

For _____, there is only normal skin flora or normal bacteria naturally found on your body, skin, or in the environment. What is the BSL?

A

BSL 1

238
Q

these are types of agents manipulated in BSL 1?

A

Normal skin flora or normal bacteria, naturally found on your body, skin or in the environment

239
Q

One of the most common causes of biohazard spread through biological spills. What do you call this?

A

Spills

240
Q

In order to effectively clean up a spill, a complete and updated ______ must be available at all times.

A

spill kit

241
Q

what does the basic spill kit composed of?

A
  1. Concentrated household bleach
  2. Spray bottle for making 10% bleach solutions
  3. Forceps, autoclave broom, and dustpan, or other mechanical devices for handling sharps
  4. Paper towels or other suitable absorbent material
  5. Biohazard bags for the collection of contaminated spill
    clean-up items
  6. Utility gloves and medical examination gloves
  7. face protection
  8. sharps container
242
Q

If an agent poses an inhalation risk, what do you do as a student?

A

leave quickly and notify other to leave and place a warning sign at the door.

243
Q

if a liquid spill has contaminated colothing, what do you do as a student?

A

remove contaminated clothing, turning exposed ares inward, and place in a biohazard bag.

244
Q

Wash all exposed skin with _____ and ____.

A

soap and water

245
Q

What must be observed during aa bsl-2 spill?

A

If an agent poses an inhalation risk, quickly leave the
room and notify others to leave. Most agents used at BSL-2 LEVEL are not airborne pathogens. Close the door and post with a warning sign.
oIf liquid spill has contaminated clothing, remove contaminated clothing, turning exposed ares inward, and place in a biohazard bag.
o Wash all exposed skin with soap and water
* If a spill occurs, take care of yourself first, do not be a hero
* Ensure the contamination does not include you

246
Q

how to clean a BSL 2 spill?

A
  1. Allow the aerosols to disperse for at least 15
    minutes before re-entering the laboratory
  2. Assemble clean-up materials from spill kit
  3. Put on protective clothing
  4. Depending on the nature of the spill, it may be advisable to wear an n-95 respirator
  5. Pick up any sharp objects with forceps or tongs and discard in a sharps container
  6. Cover the area of the spill with paper towels or other absorbent materials
  7. Using mechanical means, scoop the absorbed spill material and discard in a biohazard bag for subsequent autoclavin
247
Q

form of decontamination process

A

autoclaving

248
Q

what are the principles of biosafety?

A

protection of the laboratory worker
equipment to prevent exposure
containment laboratory design

249
Q

have been widely used to describe a variety of containment devices equipped with hepa filters, designed to provide personnel or both personnel and product protection from biohazardous materials

A

Biological safety cabinets

250
Q

Biological safety cabinets are equipped with?

A

High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters

251
Q

BSC are designed to provide?

A

personnel or both personnel and product protection from biohazardous materials

252
Q

found in all biosafety cabinet classes

A

HEPA Filter

253
Q

it is a classification of hazardous substances for transport where a pathogen or infectious substance is capable of causing disability, life-threatening, or fatal disease in otherwise healthy humans or animals

A

Category A

254
Q

a classification of hazardous substances for transport where a pathogen or infectious substance that does not meet all or any of the criteria in category A

A

CAtegory B

255
Q

what are the levels that the containment is defined, where that increase in complexity as the risk associated with the work in the microbiological laboratory increases.

A

BSL 1,2,3,4

256
Q

working in this level presents minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment. What level is this?

A

BSL 1

257
Q

Special containment devices or equipment such as BSCs, are not generally required in this level. what level is this?

A

BSL 1

258
Q

what levels does the description fit into? “all procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in BSCs or other physical containment equipments?

A

BSL 2

259
Q

it has a special engineering and design features as part of biosafety standards. What level is this?

A

BSL 3

260
Q

have special engineering and design features to prevent microorganisms from being disseminated into the environment? What level does the description fit into?

A

BSL 4

261
Q

it is where manipulation of agents must be performed in class III BSC

A

cabinet laboratory

262
Q

what are the practices conducted in BSL 1?

A

standard microbiological practices

262
Q

what are the practices conducted in BSL 1?

A

standard microbiological practices

263
Q

Practices of BSL 2

A

BSL 1 plus,
limited access, biozard warning signs, sharps precautions, biosafety manual defining any nedded waste decontamination or medical surveillance polices

264
Q

BSL 3 plus, spearate building or isolated zone, dedicated supply and exhause vacuum and decontamination systems, other requirements outlined in the text. What bsl is it?

A

BSL 4

265
Q

Secondary barriers of BSL 4

A

BSL 3 plus, spearate building or isolated zone, dedicated supply and exhause vacuum and decontamination systems, other requirements outlined in the text

266
Q

physical separation for access corridors, self-elosing, double-door acces, exhausted air not recirculated, negative ariflow into laboratory, entry through airlock or anteroom, hand washing sink near laboratory exit. what bsl is it?

A

secondary barriers of BSL 3

267
Q

autoclave available in use. What bsl is it?

A

Secondary barriers of BSL 2

268
Q

Laboratory bench and sink required. What BSL is it?

A

Secondary barries of BSL 1

268
Q

BSL 2 plus physical separation for access corridors, self-elosing, double-door acces, exhausted air not recirculated, negative ariflow into laboratory, entry through airlock or anteroom, hand washing sink near laboratory exit.

A

Secondary barriers of BSL 3

268
Q

Laboratory bench and sink required

A

Secondary barriers of BSL 1

268
Q

BSL 1 plus autoclave available

A

Secondary barries of BSL 2

268
Q

Laboratory bench and sink required. What BSL is it?

A

Secondary barriers of BSL 1

269
Q

All procedures conducted in Class III BSCs or class I or Class II BSCs in combination with full-body, air-supplied, positive pressure unit

A

Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 4

270
Q

Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 4

A

All procedures conducted in Class III BSCs or class I or Class II BSCs in combination with full-body, air-supplied, positive pressure unit

271
Q

BSCs or other physical containment devices used for all open manipulation of agents. PPE: Laboraotory clothing, gloves, face, eye and respiratory protection as needed

A

Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 3

272
Q

BSCs or other physical containment devices used for all manipulations of agents that cause splashes or aerososls of infectios materials. PPE Laboratory coats, gloves, face and eye protection as needed

A

Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 2

273
Q

Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 2

A

BSCs or other physical containment devices used for all manipulations of agents that cause splashes or aerososls of infectios materials. PPE Laboratory coats, gloves, face and eye protection as needed

274
Q

no primary barrioer required, ppe laboraotoery coats and gloves, eye, face protection as needed

A

Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 1

275
Q

Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 1

A

no primary barrioer required, ppe laboraotoery coats and gloves, eye, face protection as needed

276
Q

Dangerous/exotic agents which post high individual risk of aerosol transmitted laboratory infections that are frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments
agents with a close or identical antigenic relationship to an agent requiring bsl-4 until data are available to redesignate the level
related agents with inknown risk of transmission

A

Agents in BSL 4?

277
Q

Agents in BSL 4?

A

Dangerous/exotic agents which post high individual risk of aerosol transmitted laboratory infections that are frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments
agents with a close or identical antigenic relationship to an agent requiring bsl-4 until data are available to redesignate the level
related agents with inknown risk of transmission

278
Q

Agents in BSL 3?

A

Indigenous or exotic agents that may case serious or potentially lethal disease through the inhaltion route of exposure

279
Q

Agents associated with human disease
Routes of transmission include precutaneous injudry, ingestion, mucous membrane exposure

A

Agents in BSL 2?

280
Q

Agents in BSL 2?

A

Agents associated with human disease
Routes of transmission include precutaneous injudry, ingestion, mucous membrane exposure

281
Q

agents in BSL 1?

A

Not known to consistently cause diseases in healthy adults

282
Q

Not known to consistently cause diseases in healthy adults

A

agents in BSL 1?

283
Q

BSL 4 practices

A

BSL 3 Practices plus, clothing change before entering, shower on exit, all materials decontaminated on exit from facility

284
Q

, clothing change before entering, shower on exit, all materials decontaminated on exit from facility

A

BSL 4 practices

285
Q

controlled access, decontaimination of all waste, decontamination of laboratory clothing before laundering

A

BSL 3 practices

286
Q

limited access, biozard warning signs, sharps precautions, biosafety manual defining any nedded waste decontamination or medical surveillance polices

A

Practices of BSL 2

287
Q

BSL 3 practices

A

controlled access, decontaimination of all waste, decontamination of laboratory clothing before laundering

288
Q

BSL 4 practices

A

BSL 3 Practices plus, clothing change before entering, shower on exit, all materials decontaminated on exit from facility

289
Q

Practices of BSL 2

A

limited access, biozard warning signs, sharps precautions, biosafety manual defining any nedded waste decontamination or medical surveillance polices

290
Q

BSL 1 PRACTICES?

A

STANDARD MICROBIOLOGICAL PRACTICES

291
Q

standard microbiological practices?

A

BSL 1 practices

PMLS (33 decks)

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