PMLS LESSON 7 Flashcards
Application of safety precautions that reduce a laboratorian’s risk of exposure to a potentially infectious microbe and limit contamination of the work environment and, ultimately, the community.
biosafety
what is biosafety?
Application of safety precautions that reduce a laboratorian’s risk of exposure to a potentially infectious microbe and limit contamination of the work environment and, ultimately, the community.
What does biosafety intends to?
Protect people against bad bugs
The discipline addressing the security of microbiological agents and toxins and the threats posed to human and animal health, the environment, and the economy by DELIBERATE misuse or release.
Biosecurity
biosecurity is the discipline addressing the security of ____________ and ______ and the threats posed to human and animal health, the environment, and the economy by __________ misuse or release.
microbiological agents, toxins, deliberate
is to emphasize that biosecurity will have the element of intentional or deliberate misuse of the microbiological agent and/or toxin to harm/to pose threats to human, animal health, environment, and economy.
deliberate
what does biosecurity intend to?
“PROTECT BAD BUGS AGAINST BAD PEOPLE”
where does this belong?
Protect people against bad bugs
Biosafety
where does this belong?“PROTECT BAD BUGS AGAINST BAD PEOPLE”
Biosecurity
So, __________ whether we like it or not, they are already present in the environment. They are naturally occurring, it is only when bad people intervene/it is only through the intervention of ______ or ________ that these microorganisms are used to cause harm to as I mentioned human, animal health, environment, community and in effect the economy as well
microorganisms , bad or malicious people
what does microogranisms are used to cause harm to?
Human, animal health, environment, community and in effect the economy
it is a classic example of a biosafety breach?
Sverdlovsk anthrax leak
it happened during April and May 1979 where an unsual anthrax epidemic occured in Sverdlovsk Union of Socialist Republics.
Sverdlovsk Anthrax Leak
When did Sverdlovsk Anthrax Leak happened?
April and may 1979
what happened during 1979? and where?
unusual anthrax epidemic occurred in Sverdlovsk Union of Socialist Republics or also known as the Sverdlovsk anthrax leak
it is where the soviet officials attributed it to the consumption of contaminated meat
Sverdlovsk anthrax leak
how did the US agencies attributed the Sverdlovsk Antrax ?
through inhalation of spores and accidentally released at a military microbiology facility.
The _________ attributed it to the consumption of contaminated meat. However, ________ attributed it to the inhalation of spores, accidentally released at a military microbiology facility in the city.
Soviet Officials, US agencies
The _________ attributed it to the consumption of contaminated meat. However, ________ attributed it to the inhalation of spores, accidentally released at a military microbiology facility in the city.
Soviet Officials, US agencies
define Anthrax Spores
they are easily found in nature, produced in a lab and can last for a long time in the environment,
They are bacillus anthracis
Makes a good weapon because it can be released quietly without anyone knowing
Microscopic spores of this bacteria could be put into powder, sprays, food, and water- so small could not be able to see, smell, or taste them
Presents greater risk of deliberate misuse with significant potential mass casualties or devastating effect to the economy and posses severe threat to public health and safety
what is the causitive agent anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
What is the bacteria used in anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
Easily found in nature
Anthrax spores
why is antrax spores a good weapon?
Makes a good weapon- can be released quietly without
anyone knowing
Microscopic spores of this bacteria could be put into powder, sprays, food, and water- so small could not be able to see, smell, or taste them
what is the bacillus anthracis considered to be?
tier one agent - very dangerous microorganism
when did the Sverdlovsk anthrax leak happened and when was the unusual anthrax outbreak?
April 2 1979
what happened during april 2 1979? How many people were killed? in what city?
outbreak of the antrax occured where it affected 94 people and killed at least 64 of them in the Soviet City of Sverdlovsk which is currently called Ekaterinburg or Yekaterinburg
roughly 850 miles east of moscow
how many people were killed during the Anthrax outbreak?
94 people were killed and atleast 64 of them in the Soviety city of Sverdlovsk or Ekaterinburg or Yekaterinburg which is now the present name
when did the first victim and last victim died under the influence of anthrax?
4 days first
last victime died six weeks later
what did the soviet government claimed about the deaths of the victims?
claimed that it was caused by intestinal anthrax from tainted meat
they suspected that the outbreak was caused by an accidental release of anthrax spores from a suspected Soviet biological
weapons facility located in the city
Officials in the Carter (President of the US) Administration
Officials in the Carter (President of the US) Administration - suspected that the outbreak was caused by an accidental ______________ from a suspected ____________ facility located in the city
release of anthrax spores , soviet biological weapon
what did the US believed?
the US believed that the soviet union was violating
it is the fundamental objective of any biosafety program?
the containment of potentially harmful biologic agents
a design where The fundamental objective of any biosafety program is the containment of potentially harmful biologic agents
Containment laboratory design
is a term used in describing safe methods, facilities and equipment for managing infectious materials in the laboratory environment where they are being handled or maintained.
containment
what is the purpose of containment?
to reduce or eliminate exposure of laboratory workers, other persons and outside enviroment to potentially hazardous agents
it is to reduce or eliminate. Exposure of laboratory workers, other persons, and the outside environment to potentially hazardous agents.
purpose of containment
it Provides immediate protection to workers in the biological laboratory from exposure to chemical and biological hazards. what level of containment is it?
primary containment
what is primary containment?
Provides immediate protection to workers in the biological laboratory from exposure to chemical and biological hazards
what are the examples of primary containment?
Biosafety cabinets, Ventilation equipment, Animal Isolation Cages, Vials, Flasks, Pipettes
have designs to prevent the spread of hazardous agents in case of a breach. What type of containment is it?
primary containment
is the principal device used to provide containment of infectious droplets or aerosols generated by many microbiological procedures
biosafety cabinet
Intended to protect the laboratory worker, the community, and the environment from unintended contamination with a biological hazard. What type of containment is it?
secondary containment
Refers to the facility architectural features, Facility mechanical systems. What type of containment is it?
secondary containment
secondary containment is Intended to protect the laboratory worker, the community, and the environment from _________ with a biological hazard
unintended contamination
The design and construction of the facility contributes to the laboratory worker’s protection. what type of containment is it?
secondary containment
It provides a barrier to protect persons outside the laboratory and protects persons or animals in the community from infectious agents that may be accidentally released from the laboratory.
secondary containment
they are responsible for providing facilities commensurate with the laboratories function and the recommended by safety level for the agents being manipulated.
laboratory directors
what are laboratory directors responsible for?
responsible for prividing facilities commensurate with the laboratories function and the recommended by safety level for the agents being manipulated
will be dependent on how the facility is physically designed and constructed.
secondary containment
what is secondary containment dependent on?
dependent on how the facility is physically designed and constructed
medtechs do not concern this level of containment, what is it?
secondary containment
medtech is focused on this containment level, what is it?
primary containment
what is the best way to protect laboratory workers?
wearing ppe
Worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious
workplace injuries and illnesses
ppe
what does ppe include?
eye or face protection, body protection, gloves, respiratory protection
A plague that terrorized Europe around the 17th Century
black death
where and when did the black death happened?
europe, 17 th century
what is the bacteria that caused the black death
yersinia pestis
what did the eurpeans thought about black death disease transmission?
it was thought that the disease was transmitted through poisoned air but in reality it was transmitted through rodent flea bites
what is outift of ppe during the earliest?
includes a coat covered in scented wax, a tucked in shirt, hat and gloves and rod
what do call the doctor during the black death and what did it wear?
plaque doctor, was wearing a coat covered in scented wax, a tucked in shirt, hat and gloves and rod.
Plague doctors wore a _________ filled with ______.
beak shaped mask, perfume
this was presumably done to mask the stench of the dead plague victims as they move along the towns that were ravaged by the by the disease.
plaque doctors wearing beak shaped masked filled with perfume
They also believe that placing _____ on the beak will _______ the disease from being transmitted.
herbs, prevent
what was the source of transmission for the bacteria during the black death?
rodent flea bites
what are the common personal protective equipments?
Eye & Face Protection, body protection, gloves, respiratory protection, N95/KN95 masks
During the pandemic it was required by the government to prevent or minimize the risk of transmitting COVID-19
face shield
what are some examples of eye and face protection?
safety goggles, face shield
What are examples of body protection?
lab gowns, lab coveralls
Helps protect your body from spills, accidental spills
laboratory gwons
Not usually worn as a routine practice in our country, during wards medical workers just wear scrubs
laboratory coveralls and respirators
is the most common personal protective equipment
gloves
what are some examples of ppe gloves?
nitrile/latex glove
chemical resistant gloves
what are some examples of respiratory protection?
respirators, surgical masks
is the minimum standard form of respiratory protection
surgical masks
They are disposable and should not be reused, washed,
microwaved, or doused in gasoline.
surgical masks
when should surgical masks be thrown away?
once its been soiled or is not fitted in the face correctly
They offer better protection than surgical masks.
N95/KN95 masks
what is the percentage that can filter out the N95/KN95 masks?
95%
According to the ________________, respirators are rated on how they are resistant against
oils
National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health
means that the respirator is not resistant to oil
N-rating
signifies that the mask can filter out 95% of airborne particles
95
N95 respirators are rated and approved for used in the _____, while KN95 are usually made and rated in _____.
US, China
the key is to ____________ properly for the protection of biohazardous substances.
wear the masks
what are some of the equipments of the prevention of exposure in the lab?
pipettes, centrifuge, biosafety cabinets
Are equipments used to transfer liquids from one container to another.
pipettes
Are designed to aspirate and dispense precise volumes of liquids which maybe used for testing or for the performance of laboratory test.
pipettes
pipettes Are designed to _______ and ________ precise volumes of liquids which maybe used for testing or for the performance of laboratory test.
aspirate and dispense
in modern pipettes what are discarded after use?
filtered tips
Weremadeoutofglassandhadtobewashedafter
every use
old pipettes
what are the ways that pipettes have improves?
plungers are less resistant, finger rest, filtered tips, tip ejectors
one of the features of a modern pipette were it is smooth to use?
plungers are less resistant
one of the features of a modern pipette were in dropping the pipette will be relatively harder or the pipette or liquid spilling is minimized
because there is a ______.
finger rest
one of the features of a modern pipette were the portion in the liquid will be aspirated to?
filtered tips
Removable and disposable meaning after every
pipetting procedure the filtered tips will just be
discarded
filtered tips
why is the pipette not needed to wash?
due to the presence of filtered tips
prevents the laboratorian from removing the filtered tips by hand or touching the filtered themselves
tip ejectors
It is where you pressed them, and the filtered tips just fall out.
tip ejectors
is an equipment used to separate particles that are suspended in the liquid, the particles may be separated according to particle size, density and viscosity
centrifuge
centrifuge are separated by?
particle size, density and viscosity
may vary according to the centrifuge speed or rotor speed
degree of separation
what do we always make sure in a centrifuge?
Alwaysmakesurethatthecarrierorcarouselisbalanced before you centrifuge
used to centrifuge the blood
units or blood bags
refrigerated centrifuge
used to spin the blood samples in the tubes
centrifuge
which is used for cross
matching
centrifuge for gel cards
what are the features of the old centrifuge?
safety centrifuge cup
a feature in the old centrifuge where it is a form of primary barrier or form of primary containment design
safety centrifuge cup
An enclosed container design to prevent aerosols
from being released during centrifugation
safety centrifuge cup
usually present when you close the centrifuge to prevent aerosols from escaping during centrifugation incase the caps of your tubes pops
off during centrifugation
gasket
what are the features of a modern centrifuge?
Locking lids, Aerosol proof rotor lids, Imbalance sensor, counterbalance
Centrifugation causes vibrations and if it won’t be locked there would be a tendency that it will open during centrifugation. What feature of the centrifuge prevents vibration?
locking lids
or also known as the centrifuge cup which prevents the release of aerosols
aerosols
the centrifuge cup is also known as ?
aerosol proof rotor lids
it senses the imbalance of the samples where in if you don’t provide a counterbalance or counterweight on the opposite end and proceed with the centrifugation the tendency it will cause destruction of the machine, or the sample may fly off or be broken.
imbalance sensors
what are some examples of counterbalance
tube with water or sample with the same volume placed on the opposite end of the centrifuged sample
has been widely used to describe a variety of containment devices equipped with HEPA Filter(s), designed to protect personnel from biohazard materials
biosafety cabinets
According to the study by _______ et al 30% of the class II Biosafety cabinets installed in Southeast Asia are poorly designed, incorrectly installed, not verified, and maintained and not operated properly.
Whister T.
in the study of Whistler T. what area was poorly designed and what equipment was it specifically?
30% of the class II biosafety cabinet located in the southeast asia
it is The combination of laboratory practices and techniques, the safety equipment, and the laboratory practices
biosafety levels
________ is specifically appropriate for the operations performed, the documented or suspected routes of transmission of the infectious agents manipulated, and the laboratory function or activity
Each combination of biosafety levels
what is the relationship between the biosafety level and microbiological practices?
as the biosafety level increases, there are special microbiological practices that must be observed (directly proportional)
A laboratory which is designated with BSL-1 is fairly benign
Biosafety level 1
a level where the agents that you will be will will relatively not cause harm to immunocompetent adult humans. What biosafety level?
Biosafety level 1
Suitable for work involving agents not known to consistently cause disease in immunocompetent adult humans
Biosafety level 1
it presents minimal potential hazard laboratory personnel and the environment
biosafety level 1
what equipment is not usually required in the Biosafety level 1?
Biosafety Cabinets
where is work usually conducted in Biosafety level 1?
conducted on open bench tops using standard microbiological practices
what are the difference between biosafety level 1 and level 2?
BSL 2 it is where laboratory personnel have
specific training in handling pathogenic agents and are supervised by scientist competent in handling infectious agents and associated procedures
it is build upon BSL-1 practices
BSL 2
Suitable for work involving agents that pose moderate hazards to personnel and the environment. what BSL is it?
Biosafety level 2
Access to the laboratory is restricted while work is being conducted, what level of biosafety?
BSL 2
where are all the procedures conducted in BSL 2 during the use of infectious aerosols or splashes?
Biosafety cabinets or other physical containment equipments
it is where Laboratory personnel must be provided medical surveillance,
as appropriate, and offered available immunization for agents
handled or potentially present in the laboratory. What BSL is it?
BSL 2
It builds upon the practices in BSL-2 and more
Biosafety level 3
special practices are added in this level
BSL 3
Applicable to clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities where work is performed with indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal diseases through the inhalation route of exposure. What level does the description belong?
BSL 3
in the BSL 3, where are all the procedures conducted during the involvement of infectious materials?
Biosafety cabinets or other physical containment devices
what are the features of a BSL 3 laboratory?
Special engineering and design features
it is the highest level of biosafety
Biosafety level 4
Strict standards and special microbiological practices
should be observed when you are working in a________
laboratory
BSL 4
what are the practices should be observed when you are working in a BSL 4 Laboratory ?
Strict standards and special microbiological practices
Agents with a close or identical antigenic relationship to
agents requiring BSL-4 must be handled also at the BSL-4 level until sufficient data are obtained either to confirm continued work at the BSL-4 level or to redesignate the level. What BSL does the description fit?
BSL 4
Required for work with DANGEROUS and EXOTIC agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease that is frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments, or a related agent with unknown risks of transmission. In What BSL does the description fit into?
BSL 4
Usually BSL-4 research labs are holding strains of ______, very highly infectious exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of ______ laboratory infections
Ebola Virus, aerosol-transmitted
Laboratory staff must understand the primary and secondary containment functions of standard and special practices containment equipment and laboratory design characteristics. What BSL does the description fit into?
BSL 4
in the BSL, Laboratory staff must understand the ______ and _____ containment functions of _______ and _______ practices containment equipment and laboratory design characteristics
primary, secondary, standard, special
All _________ and ________ must be competent in handling agents and procedures requiring BSL-4 containment
laboratory staff and supervisors
this is where they store or house dangerous and exotic agents?
BSL 4 Lab
what are probably stored in the BSL 4 lab?
Strains of anthrax or bacillus anthracis
may be used as a bioterrorism agent?
anthrax or bacillus anthracis
Any breaches in these types of laboratories will have dire consequences. what BSL does the description fit into?
BSL 4
in bsl 4 Laboratory staff must have _____ and __________ in handling __________.
specific and thorough training, extremely hazardous infectious agents
have special engineering and design features to prevent microorganisms from being disseminated into the environment. What type of cabinet and suit?
BSL 4 cabinet and suit laboratories
in entering the facility of BSL 4, it must be ______ by means of secure, locked doors.
limited
in BSL 4 lab, what is the means of documenting the data and time of all persons entering and leaving the laboratory must be maintained
logbook
While the laboratory is operational, personnel must enter and exit the laboratory through the clothing change and shower rooms, except during emergencies. What BSL does the desctiption fit into?
BSL 4
While the laboratory is operational, personnel must enter and exit the laboratory through the __________ and _________, except during emergencies
clothing change and shower rooms
in the BSL 4, what are removed in the outdoor clothing change room?
personal clothing
All persons entering the laboratory must use laboratory clothing, including undergarments, pants, shirts, jumpsuits, shoes, and gloves as appropriate. What bsl does the description fit into?
BSL 4
in BSL 4, All persons leaving the laboratory must take a _________ to ensure that none of the dangerous and exotic agents that you are working with will be carried with you when you go home, when you go out of the facility, or when you potentially expose yourself to other people
personal body shower
what do you call the suit that a personnel must wear, where it has a positive pressure supplied air protective suit?
Suit laboratory
what is a suit laboratory?
it is a positive pressure supplied air protective suit or an enclosed suit that protects them from the biohazard agent
in a BSL-4 laboratory, all manipulations of infectious agents must be performed within a ________ or ________.
Biosafety cabinet or other primary barrier system
Workers must wear laboratory clothing such as _________ before entering the room used for donning positive pressure suits
scrub suits
in bsl 4, _________ must be worn to protect against break or tears in the outer suit gloves.
Inner disposable gloves
biosafety cabinets have a pass-through vent that will able personnel to put samples inside. What do you call them?
autoclaves
is a form of decontamination where you expose the material that you want to decontaminate
through steam pressure or heat
autoclaving
is released inside the cabinet
and effectively all of the potentially hazardous
microorganisms or hazardous agents are killed
decontamination gas
what level of cabinet must be performed during the manipulation of agents?
Class 3 Biosafety cabinet
what equipment is used for decontamination when materials that cannot be exposed to stream as they will go through?
dunk tank or fumigation chamber
Are designed to provide personnel, environmental, and
product protection
Biosafety cabinets
These cabinets provide protection when appropriate practices and procedures are followed
biosafety cabinets
what are the three kinds of biological safety cabinets?
Class 1, 2 and 3
have been developed to meet varying research and clinical needs.
3 kinds of biological safety cabinets
what were biosafety cabinets called before?
Clean air cubicles
were designed to protect the materials being manipulated from environmental or worker generated contamination rather than to protect the worker from the risks associated with the manipulation of potentially hazardous materials.
clean air cubicles
The cubicle or the clean air cubicle will have air from __________ to prevent environmental contaminants from getting inside the cubicle or the PROTOTYPE CABINETS
insde, blowing outside
These cubicles could not be used for handling infectious agents because the worker was in a contaminated airstream. what equipement was being reffered in here?
Air cubicles
Provides personal and environmental protection but no product protection. What level of biosafety cabinet is it referring to?
Class I BSC
describe class I BSC
has the most basic and rudimentary design of all biological safety cabinetry available today, no product protection but provides personal and environmental protection
it is equipped with inflow what BSC class is it referring to?
BSC Class I
prevents the aerosol generated
during microbiological manipulations to escape through
the front opening
inflow
This cabinet is not routinely used because it does not protect
the product because it does not protect the product — because air from outside the biosafety cabinet can go inside the biosafety cabinet, thereby introducing contaminants to the cabinet itself (because of this inflow, it protects the laboratory worker from getting exposed to the hazardous agents)
BSC Class I
BSC class I, This cabinet is not routinely used because it does not protect
the product because it does ______ the product — because air from ______ the biosafety cabinet can go inside the biosafety cabinet, thereby introducing ________ to the cabinet itself (because of this inflow, it protects the laboratory worker from getting exposed to the hazardous agents)
not protect, outside, contaminants
this type of cabinet happens when The air is then passed through inside the cabinet and then expelled outside (probably through an exhaust system). what cabinet is it?
BSC Class I
Does not have HEPA filters; air coming out of this will be unfiltered. So if the air gets contaminated with whatever microbiological agent you are manipulating, there is a tendency where you will be discarding contaminated air into the environment. Although there are some that have HEPA filters; filtered from any microbiological/hazard agents. What type of cabinet is this?
Biosafety Cabinet I
is the most common class II cabinet. It is also the most common safety cabinet of all the types available.
Class II Biosafety cabinet Type A
Inflow flows through the front inlet grill. what type of cabinet is it?
BSC Class II
___________ HEPA-filtered air
stream that descends downward, continuously flushes the
cabinet interior of airborne contaminants in class II biosafety cabinets
Downflow vertical laminar (unidirectional)
What cabinets are suitable for microbial agents for the level of BSL 1,2, and 3?
Class I and II BSC
in BSC class II, There is already an _______ wherein the outside air is directed towards it (so that the air will not go to the work area).
opening inlet grill
in the BSC class II, what flow protects the product?
Downward flow of the HEPA Filter
All of the air that is exhausted outside is particulate free/passes through a filter and can be circulated back to the laboratory (if the BSC is in good working condition and the
HEPA filters are changed regularly). What class of BSC does this belong?
BSC class II
Glove Ports are where the Laboratorian or Clinical Laboratory Scientist or the Laboratory Worker will place their hand to manipulate whatever is inside the biosafety cabinet (it’s sealed off, nothing can pass through). The only way to access your hazardous or microbiological agents or product is through the glove ports. What class of BSC does the description fit into?
BSC Class III
The only way to access your hazardous or microbiological agents or product is through the _______, in a BSC Class III
Glove ports
how can you access the passage of materials into the cabinet with a class III Biosafety cabinet
Dunk tank
BSC 3 are utilized in what BSL?
BSL 4
Made of welded metal construction and are designed to be gas tight. what BSC does this belong?
BSC Class III
how is worked performed in a BSC class III
Glove ports
what pressure is maintained in a class BSC III?
Negative pressure
A _______ provides product protection and prevents cross contamination of samples. Exhaust air is usually HEPA ________ and _____ (it still undergoes incineration because again a BSC Class 3 is utilized in a BSL Level 4 Laboratory).
supply of HEPA filtered air, filtered and incinerated
Suitable for work with microbiological agents assigned to BSL 1, 2, 3, and 4. what class of BSC does the description fit into?
BSC class III
it has all of the features of the previous BSCs except there is no inflow in front because there is no sash. There is no glass opening, only the glove ports. What BSC does the description fit into?
BSC class III
in a BSC Class III, All ___________________ is provided from inside the cabinet itself.
HEPA filtered air or air stream
it is the glass pane or glass panel that you can move upwards or downwards?
Sash
what do you do before when you are working in a BSC?
- Clean interior panels & materials/items placed inside.
- Purge air for 3+ minutes.
- Adjust sash to working height.
a process where you will continuously blow a direction of air inside the cabinet to remove all potential contaminants when you work inside the biosafety cabinets.
Purge air
Usually, the ________ is adjusted such that your arms may pass through the opening freely, but your _____ must be covered by the glass at all times to prevent contamination and prevent potential infection of the laboratorian.
sash level, face
what do you do with the BSC during use?
- Designate clean, working, and dirty areas
- Clean as you go
- Protect the air curtain
- Do not use flame inside the BSC
Rapid movement of a worker’s arms in a sweeping motion into and out of the cabinet will disrupt the _______________ and compromise the ______________ barrier provided by the BSC.
air curtain, partial containment
what do you do after the use of a BSC?
- Clean interior panels & items stored outside
- Purge the air for 3+ minutes.
- Turn on UV if safe.
- Accomplish the usage log
a lamp that you can turn on to kill any residual microorganisms that were not killed when you cleaned the interior panels.
UV Decontaminating or UV Filter
Manipulate highly infectious agents and without the risk of contaminating the environment through air exhaust and exposing the laboratorian to the infectious agent itself because before it gets out of the air cabinet, the air has
been filtered using ________________ filter.
HEPA
was developed to create dust free
work environments in the 1940s.
hepa filter
when was hepa filter created?
1940s
HEPA filters remove the most penetrating particle size of ______ with an efficiency of at least _____
0.3 μm, 99.99 % if book, if discussion 99.97%
is a single sheet of borosilicate fibers treated with a wet strength water repellent binder.
HEPA Filter medium
Like a sheet of paper and it is pleated to increase the overall surface area inside the filter frames.
Borosilicate fiber
what fiber is the HEPA filter made of?
Borosilicate fiber
in a borosilicate fiber the pleats are divided by ______
corrugated aluminum separators
increases the rigidity of the hepa filter
Aluminum separator
Italsopreventsthepleatsfromcollapsingintheairstreamand
provides a path for airflow
aluminum separator
the ___________ is glued into a wood, metal or plastic frame
aluminum separator__________
it is usually metal one of the parts of the HEPA Filter
Filter frame
By ______ the borosilicate fibers or the HEPA filter, you’re increasing the _____ at which the air must pass through.
pleating, surface area
Borosilicate microfibers are present in all BSCs however not all is present. What BSC is it referring to?
Class I BSC
microbes not known to consistently cause disease in immunocompetent adult humans of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment
BSL-1
what are the examples of BSL-1?
Skin bacteria and yeast
at what level of BSL happens where microbes pose moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment.
BSL-2
what are the examples of BSL-2?
Herpes simplex, common cold viruses (RSV, rhinoviruses) salmonella
indigenous or exotic microbes that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease via inhalation. What level of BSL does it fit?
BSL 3
what are some examples of BSL-3?
Tuberculosis, sars-cov-2, highly pathogenic avian influenza, plaque (yersinia pestis)
exotic agents that pose a high risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease that is frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments. What BSL does the description fit into?
BSL 4
what are the examples of BSL-4?
Ebola virus, smallpox virus
For _____, there is only normal skin flora or normal bacteria naturally found on your body, skin, or in the environment. What is the BSL?
BSL 1
these are types of agents manipulated in BSL 1?
Normal skin flora or normal bacteria, naturally found on your body, skin or in the environment
One of the most common causes of biohazard spread through biological spills. What do you call this?
Spills
In order to effectively clean up a spill, a complete and updated ______ must be available at all times.
spill kit
what does the basic spill kit composed of?
- Concentrated household bleach
- Spray bottle for making 10% bleach solutions
- Forceps, autoclave broom, and dustpan, or other mechanical devices for handling sharps
- Paper towels or other suitable absorbent material
- Biohazard bags for the collection of contaminated spill
clean-up items - Utility gloves and medical examination gloves
- face protection
- sharps container
If an agent poses an inhalation risk, what do you do as a student?
leave quickly and notify other to leave and place a warning sign at the door.
if a liquid spill has contaminated colothing, what do you do as a student?
remove contaminated clothing, turning exposed ares inward, and place in a biohazard bag.
Wash all exposed skin with _____ and ____.
soap and water
What must be observed during aa bsl-2 spill?
If an agent poses an inhalation risk, quickly leave the
room and notify others to leave. Most agents used at BSL-2 LEVEL are not airborne pathogens. Close the door and post with a warning sign.
oIf liquid spill has contaminated clothing, remove contaminated clothing, turning exposed ares inward, and place in a biohazard bag.
o Wash all exposed skin with soap and water
* If a spill occurs, take care of yourself first, do not be a hero
* Ensure the contamination does not include you
how to clean a BSL 2 spill?
- Allow the aerosols to disperse for at least 15
minutes before re-entering the laboratory - Assemble clean-up materials from spill kit
- Put on protective clothing
- Depending on the nature of the spill, it may be advisable to wear an n-95 respirator
- Pick up any sharp objects with forceps or tongs and discard in a sharps container
- Cover the area of the spill with paper towels or other absorbent materials
- Using mechanical means, scoop the absorbed spill material and discard in a biohazard bag for subsequent autoclavin
form of decontamination process
autoclaving
what are the principles of biosafety?
protection of the laboratory worker
equipment to prevent exposure
containment laboratory design
have been widely used to describe a variety of containment devices equipped with hepa filters, designed to provide personnel or both personnel and product protection from biohazardous materials
Biological safety cabinets
Biological safety cabinets are equipped with?
High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters
BSC are designed to provide?
personnel or both personnel and product protection from biohazardous materials
found in all biosafety cabinet classes
HEPA Filter
it is a classification of hazardous substances for transport where a pathogen or infectious substance is capable of causing disability, life-threatening, or fatal disease in otherwise healthy humans or animals
Category A
a classification of hazardous substances for transport where a pathogen or infectious substance that does not meet all or any of the criteria in category A
CAtegory B
what are the levels that the containment is defined, where that increase in complexity as the risk associated with the work in the microbiological laboratory increases.
BSL 1,2,3,4
working in this level presents minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment. What level is this?
BSL 1
Special containment devices or equipment such as BSCs, are not generally required in this level. what level is this?
BSL 1
what levels does the description fit into? “all procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in BSCs or other physical containment equipments?
BSL 2
it has a special engineering and design features as part of biosafety standards. What level is this?
BSL 3
have special engineering and design features to prevent microorganisms from being disseminated into the environment? What level does the description fit into?
BSL 4
it is where manipulation of agents must be performed in class III BSC
cabinet laboratory
what are the practices conducted in BSL 1?
standard microbiological practices
what are the practices conducted in BSL 1?
standard microbiological practices
Practices of BSL 2
BSL 1 plus,
limited access, biozard warning signs, sharps precautions, biosafety manual defining any nedded waste decontamination or medical surveillance polices
BSL 3 plus, spearate building or isolated zone, dedicated supply and exhause vacuum and decontamination systems, other requirements outlined in the text. What bsl is it?
BSL 4
Secondary barriers of BSL 4
BSL 3 plus, spearate building or isolated zone, dedicated supply and exhause vacuum and decontamination systems, other requirements outlined in the text
physical separation for access corridors, self-elosing, double-door acces, exhausted air not recirculated, negative ariflow into laboratory, entry through airlock or anteroom, hand washing sink near laboratory exit. what bsl is it?
secondary barriers of BSL 3
autoclave available in use. What bsl is it?
Secondary barriers of BSL 2
Laboratory bench and sink required. What BSL is it?
Secondary barries of BSL 1
BSL 2 plus physical separation for access corridors, self-elosing, double-door acces, exhausted air not recirculated, negative ariflow into laboratory, entry through airlock or anteroom, hand washing sink near laboratory exit.
Secondary barriers of BSL 3
Laboratory bench and sink required
Secondary barriers of BSL 1
BSL 1 plus autoclave available
Secondary barries of BSL 2
Laboratory bench and sink required. What BSL is it?
Secondary barriers of BSL 1
All procedures conducted in Class III BSCs or class I or Class II BSCs in combination with full-body, air-supplied, positive pressure unit
Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 4
Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 4
All procedures conducted in Class III BSCs or class I or Class II BSCs in combination with full-body, air-supplied, positive pressure unit
BSCs or other physical containment devices used for all open manipulation of agents. PPE: Laboraotory clothing, gloves, face, eye and respiratory protection as needed
Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 3
BSCs or other physical containment devices used for all manipulations of agents that cause splashes or aerososls of infectios materials. PPE Laboratory coats, gloves, face and eye protection as needed
Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 2
Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 2
BSCs or other physical containment devices used for all manipulations of agents that cause splashes or aerososls of infectios materials. PPE Laboratory coats, gloves, face and eye protection as needed
no primary barrioer required, ppe laboraotoery coats and gloves, eye, face protection as needed
Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 1
Primary barriers and safety equipments of BSL 1
no primary barrioer required, ppe laboraotoery coats and gloves, eye, face protection as needed
Dangerous/exotic agents which post high individual risk of aerosol transmitted laboratory infections that are frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments
agents with a close or identical antigenic relationship to an agent requiring bsl-4 until data are available to redesignate the level
related agents with inknown risk of transmission
Agents in BSL 4?
Agents in BSL 4?
Dangerous/exotic agents which post high individual risk of aerosol transmitted laboratory infections that are frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments
agents with a close or identical antigenic relationship to an agent requiring bsl-4 until data are available to redesignate the level
related agents with inknown risk of transmission
Agents in BSL 3?
Indigenous or exotic agents that may case serious or potentially lethal disease through the inhaltion route of exposure
Agents associated with human disease
Routes of transmission include precutaneous injudry, ingestion, mucous membrane exposure
Agents in BSL 2?
Agents in BSL 2?
Agents associated with human disease
Routes of transmission include precutaneous injudry, ingestion, mucous membrane exposure
agents in BSL 1?
Not known to consistently cause diseases in healthy adults
Not known to consistently cause diseases in healthy adults
agents in BSL 1?
BSL 4 practices
BSL 3 Practices plus, clothing change before entering, shower on exit, all materials decontaminated on exit from facility
, clothing change before entering, shower on exit, all materials decontaminated on exit from facility
BSL 4 practices
controlled access, decontaimination of all waste, decontamination of laboratory clothing before laundering
BSL 3 practices
limited access, biozard warning signs, sharps precautions, biosafety manual defining any nedded waste decontamination or medical surveillance polices
Practices of BSL 2
BSL 3 practices
controlled access, decontaimination of all waste, decontamination of laboratory clothing before laundering
BSL 4 practices
BSL 3 Practices plus, clothing change before entering, shower on exit, all materials decontaminated on exit from facility
Practices of BSL 2
limited access, biozard warning signs, sharps precautions, biosafety manual defining any nedded waste decontamination or medical surveillance polices
BSL 1 PRACTICES?
STANDARD MICROBIOLOGICAL PRACTICES
standard microbiological practices?
BSL 1 practices
