PMLS LESSON 6 Flashcards
is considered a legal responsibility of the employer as well as moral obligation to the employee.
lab safety
how is lab safety achieved?
o Common sense
o A safety focused attitude
o Good personal behavior
o Good housekeeping on all laboratory work and storage areas
o Above all the continual practice of a good laboratory technique.
it where safety in the laboratory begins?
recognition of hazards
what are the most common recognition of hazards that we usually encounter?
o Electric Shock
o Toxic Vapors
o Compressed Gases o Flammable liquids
o Radioactive Materials o Corrosive substances o Mechanical Trauma o Poisons
o Biological Materials
it is the Specific responsibilities of the employer and employee.
Safety responsibilities
in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Establish laboratory work methods and safety policies in their facilities
employer
in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Required to knowledge and comply with the established laboratory work safety methods
employee
in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Have a positive attitude toward supervisors, fellow coworkers, facilities, and safety training. Be focused on all times.
employee
in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Provides safety information, training, personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical surveillance to employees
employer
in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Provide supervision and guidance to employees
employer
in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Give prompt notification of unsafe conditions or practices to the immediate supervisor and ensure that unsafe conditions and practices are corrected
employee
in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? they engage in the conduct of safe work practices and use of the personal protective equipment
employee
in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to?provide and maintain equipment and laboratory facilities that are adequate for the tasks require
employer
_________ re required to wear PPE’s because they handlehazardous specimens such as blood, urine, fecal, etc.
employee
Only wear PPEs when you’re _______ the lab, not ______ the lab.
inside, outside
what is the reason that we should not wear PPEs outside the lab?
to not bring any contaminant when we get back to the lab. It would cause trouble since the hospital has different kinds of contaminant present in the area
In house prepared reagents and solutions should be labeled in a standard manner with the:
o Chemical identity o Concentration
o Hazard warning
o Special handling
o Storage conditions o Date prepared
o Expiration date
o Preparer’s initials
In handling chemicals always wear PPEs such as _________
and ________. This is because we are dealing with
chemicals
hand gloves and eye goggles
what are the labelling information for users?
o Statement of the Hazard
o Precautionary measures
o Specific Hazard Class
o First Aid Instructions for internal/external contact o Storage code
o Safety code
o Personal Protective gear and equipment needed
meaning of OSHA?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
An act that is implemented which governs safety in all types of workplaces including laboratories.
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
specifying how workers must be made aware of hazardous materials in the workplace
hazard communication standard
intended to minimize the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
meaning of EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
Enforces regulations under the Clean Air Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and other environmental statutes.
Environmental protection agency
the EPA Enforces regulations under the _________, the __________ and ________ and other environmental statutes.
clean air act, resource conservation and Recovery Act
meaning of DOT?
Department of Transportation
Enforces regulations it issues about transporting all types of hazardous materials
DOT
Approves new medicines and medical devices for safe after use
FDA
examples of FDA?
Toxicology, transfusion medicine, apheresis
As for Velez College, all safety related concerns (Such as needle stick injury) should be reported to the ___________.
safety officer
“a needle prick injury” the said medtech should report the matter to the concern ________ so they could do their action or job in regards to it.
safety officer
meaning of NFPA?
National Fire Protection Association
what are the colors of the NFPA diamond and their meanings?
Red for flammable
blue for health hazard
Yellow reactive and oxidizing reagents
White - Corrosive
Gray - no more than moderate hazard
Store in an area for flammable
reagents. what color does it signify in the NFPA Diamond?
Red-flammable
May react violently with air, water, or other substances. Store away
from flammable and combustible materials. what color does it signify in the nfpa diamond?
Yellow reactive and oxidizing reagents
Toxic if inhaled, ingested, or
absorbed through the skin. Store in a secure area. what color does it signify in the NFPA Diamond?
Blue-health hazard
May harm skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. Store away from red, blue and yellow coded
reagents. what color is it in the nfpa diamond?
White-corrosive
presents no more than moderate hazard in any
of the categories. For general chemical storage. what color does it belong in the nfpa diamond?
gray-no more than moderate hazard
what is not present in the NFPA Diamond?
Gray
what do you call a reagent that is incompatible with other reagents of the same color bar?
Exception
This said reagent should be stored separately for there will be no presence of reaction that will happen.
exception
what are the The numeric ratings indicate degree of hazard?
4 - exteme
3-severe
2-moderate
1- slight
0 - no need
Is any equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Personal protective equipment may include items such as:
o Gloves
o Safety glasses and shoes o earplugs or muffs
o Hard hats
o Respirators or coveralls
o Vests and full body suits
what is the color of safety showers and eyewash?
green and white
they are above the safety shower and eyewash locations is helpful in locating them in an emergency
green and white safety shower and eyewash sign
safety showers and eye wash stations must be w/in ____ and w/in ____ walk of caustic and correosive chemicals
100 ft, 10s
what should be the safety showers temperature of its water? how many minute cycle?
moderately warm or lukewarm, 15 minute cycle
in the eyewash station the station must be capable of providing a minimum of _______ hands-free flushing capacity?
15 minutes
in the eyewash station water should be cultured every ____ months? why?
6 months to check if their are organisms
Used to help identify the location of a single or multiple fire extinguishers. They are generally mounted 2 meters above floor level for visibility or adjacent to the fire extinguisher.
fire signages
what is the level of the fire signages for visibility?
2 meters above the floor level
are considered to be helpful as we will know where exactly the fire extinguishers are located and as well as fire blankets
fire signages
Regardless of what type of spill, _____ must be used: ______ and _______
PPE, fluid- resistant cover gown and facial protection
what kind of gloves are recommended for the decontamination of spills?
Heavyweight, puncture-resistant utility gloves
_________ or _______ covers if the spill is large
Rubber boots or waterproof shoe
If the spill contains broken glass, these should be removed first w/ _____ and ______ or _____ and _____
tongs , forceps, brush and dustpan
If the spill contains a culture media , sight should be covered completely with ____________. After _______ cleanup procedures can then be started an example of which would be the use of a decontamination solution, alcohol or generally bleach is used to decontaminate surfaces. Where you’ll soak it for a couple of minutes. This procedure is commonly used
in the lab so take note of this.
absorbent materials, 10 mins
All employees must be trained in first aid and at a minimum, must know:
o The location of the first aid kit
o How to stop bleeding by direct pressure w/a gauze over the wound
o Emergency numbers
o Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
BLS meaning?
Basic life support training
a training that is been given to interns prior to duty just so in case of emergency we have a knowledge on what to do.
BLS Training
a typical first aid kit should contain the following?
o Adhesive plastic bandages
o Large fingertip bandages or knuckle bandages o Triangular sling w/ safety pins
o Gauze dressing pads
o First aid tape roll
o Hot and cold gel packs
o Sterile sponge dressings
o Sterile eye pad or eye wash
o Alcohol preparation pads
o Anti-septic towelettes
o Triple anti-biotic ointment pack (optional)
o Scissors
o Tweezers
o Burn spray
o Ibuprofen
o Tablets (Antacids and non-aspirin pain tablets and many
other first-aid medications such as paracetamol)
is Required to expel noxious and hazardous fumes from chemical reagents
fume hoods
Also remove particles that maybe harmful to the
employee who’s working with biologic specimenS
fume hoods
Commonly found in: Clinical chemistry and microbiology
or the biosafety cabinets
fumehoods
what are the four Chemical storage equipment?
o Safety carriers
o Safety cabinets
o Explosion proof refrigerators
o Where you store your reactive agents or chemicals
Primary protection to prevent skin exposure from chemical or specimen (blood and other body fluids) splash or spill
Lab gown
Must be a bit loose, available as reusable or disposable depending on laboratory application
Lab Gown
What should not be worn outside the lab?
LAb gowns
are not substitutes for lab gowns but provide extra protection when fluid contamination is likely
aprons
what is the recommended lab gown?
o Must be long sleeve
o Knee length
where are clean lab gowns stored?
cabinets of closet
they arehung on designated hooks in work area. what lab gown is it referring to?
in-use gowns
when do you change your lab gowns?
changed when soiled
replaced when damaged
First would be the __________ of the ________ for each task, then inspect each glove for holes or tears and ______ if damage is found.
proper selection , right gloves , discard
how do you remove gloves?
Aseptically
it means turning inside and out
aseptically
what are the most commonly used materials for gloves?
Vinyl
Nitrile
Latex
glove that is commonly found with an appearance of a color blue?
nitrile
type of glove that has powder?
latex
Used when performing laboratory procedures to protect you from splashes or sprays of infectious materials and aerosol potential.
mask
Very little info is available about the effectiveness of the ___________ in controlling the spread of the ___.
face masks, FLU
is a virus that is transmitted through direct contact and what is unknown is the tiny aerosol particles that are implicated in transmission.
FLU
It is the most common mask
surgical mask
It is not recommended to buy them on the street but
by the ones in the pharmacy since it is properly made
and manufactured
Surgical
It is usually used against (TB) Tuberculosis for
protection. A type of mask
n-95
It is usually used in Covid Wards. It is very tight on
the face. it is a type of mask.
Cartridge Purifying
surgical masks filters?
Bacteria
N-95 filers?
particles as small as 0.1 um such as tb
CARTRIDGE PURIFYING filters?
Organic vapors such as xylene or formaldehyde
Provide barrier protection to the facial area and related mucous membranes (eyes, nose, lips)
work shield
what is work shield considered as?
Alternative to goggles
Used to protect the eye against particles, chemicals, water, glare and from things striking the eyes
safety goggles
You may be required to change ______ in sterile areas such as the operating room, delivery room, NICU, or in the nursery prior going inside
footwear
footwear must be made of material that will not allow ______, ______ or ______ to soak through
blood, body fluids or chemicals
Must cover the
entire foot
footwear
Comfortable & nonslip soles
footwear
biological hazard is also known as?
Bio hazards
substances that can pose a threat to human
health when they are inhaled, eaten, or come in contact with the skin
Biological substances
Can cause illnesses such as: food poisoning, tetanus, respiratory infections, or parasite infections as well
Biological substances
biological substances can cause illness such as?
food poisoning, tetanus, respiratory infections, or parasite infections as well
what does biological hazards include?
bacteria, viruses, parasites, molds, and fungi
what is the observe universal precaution
treat every patient specimen as potentially infectious
All blood samples of patient with high risk should be processed with ________.
Strict precaution
Specimen container should remain “_______” during centrifugation
capped
is the common hazard as a medtech
needle prick
Individuals with any wounds or abrasions wear ________ handling blood specimens
finger cots/gloves
Anything that would come in contact with the skin is considered as a ________.
biological hazard
Know the Five moments for hand Hygiene
prevents “nosocomial infections”
Refers to a type of occupational hazard that is caused by exposure to chemicals in the workplace or in the laboratory
Chemical hazards
examples of chemical hazards
o Toxic and poisonous
o Flammable and combustible o Corrosive
o Reactive
o Carcinogenic
A dangerous condition where a personnel could make electrical contact with an energized equipment or a conductor. a type of hazard
electrical hazards
preventive measures of chemical hazards?
o Know the nature of the chemical used
o Mechanical pipetting aids must always be used o Observe basic rule “acid to water”
o Chemical spills containment
o Use safety cans, fume hood and cabinets
o Wear proper attire
o Observe proper storage and disposal
preventive measures of electrical hazards
Use only explosion proof equipment in hazardous
atmospheres
Be particularly careful when operating high-voltage equipment, such as electrophoresis apparatus
Use only properly grounded equipment
Check for “frayed” electrical cords
Report any malfunctioning or equipment producing a “triangle” for prompt repair
Do not work on “live” electrical equipment
Never operate electrical equipment with wet hands
Know the exact location of the electrical control panel for the electricity to your work area
Use only approved extension cords and do not overload circuits
Have a periodic preventive maintenance performed on equipment
A type of occupational hazard that either involve the presence of a flame
fire hazard
preventive measures of a fire hazard
o Keep flammable substances in separate rooms
o Use fire-resistant building products
o Use explosion proof refrigerators
oPerform procedures that result in highly combustible reactions under water or in a vacuum chamber
Post caution signs to areas with radioactive materials what type of hazard?
radioactive materials
Only trained personnel area allowed in the areas. what type of laboratory hazard?
Radioactive materials
in this hazard, Practice proper disposal system
radioactive materials
Use tongs to remove hot glasswares from ovens, hot plates
or water baths. what type of hazard?
mechanical hazard
Use glass beads to help eliminate boiling-over when liquids
are heated. what type of hazard?
mechanical hazard
Handle with care sharp instruments as cork-borers, needles,
scalpel, blades. what type of hazard?
mechanical hazard
Use gloves of impermeable material when handling his kind of material. what type of hazard?
Cryogenic materials (liquid nitrogen)
Store cryogenic fluids in _______ but ______.
well-insulated, loosely stopped containers
Propane, considered to be what type of hazard?
compressed gas
Consider the design of hand tools, adherence to ergonomically correct technique, and equipment positioning when engaging in any respective task. what type of hazard?
ergonomic hazards
Good Personal Behavior/Habits
Wear proper attire and protective clothing
Tie back long hair
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in the work area
Never mouth pipette
Wash hands frequently
Good House Keeping
-Keep work areas free of chemicals, dirty glassware, and so on
-Store chemicals properly
-Label reagents and solutions
post warning signs
-One should know that before and after the shift/work shift, we should keep our working area clean and tidy.
how to operate a fire extinguisher?
R – Rescue, A – Alarm, C – Contain, E – Extinguish P – Pull, A – Aim, S – Squeeze, S – Sweep
Good Laboratory Technique
-Do not operate new or unfamiliar equipment until you have received instruction and authorization
-Read all labels and instructions carefully
-Make use of the personal safety equipment that is provided
-For the safe handling, uses and disposal of chemicals, learn their properties and hazards
-learn emergency procedures
-be careful when transferring chemicals
labarotory wastes are classified to?
hazardoues and non-hazardous
Materials used to sustain laboratory operations that are no longer needed and should be discarded and disposed
laboratory wastes
waste that is unstable and reacts violently when exposed to chemical change, releases toxic fumes when mixed with water and even explode under extreme conditions
explosivity and reactivity
Waste that is capable of detonation and explosive decomposition at standard temperature and pressure.
Explosivity and Reactivity
Includes waste that needs to be separated from other wastes, waste that may react with heavy metals to produce toxic contaminates, and corrode steel waste containers, and aqueous substance
Corrosivity
Waste that is harmful to humans and also the environment as it stimulates the leaching of materials from a landfill into the surround groundwater
toxicity
Includes waste that can cause a fire during routine waste disposal and storage conditions, ignitable gas from flammable mixture at 13% or less concentration and solid substances
that may cause fire through friction or absorption of moistur
ignitability
These are wastes suspected to contain pathogenic microorganisms
infectious wastes
Include human and animal tissues, organs, body parts (excluding teeth, hair, finger nails), and body fluids that are removed during autopsy, biopsy, surgery or other medical procedure
pathological wastes
Include discarded solids, liquids, and gaseous chemicals from laboratory procedures, and include laboratory reagents
chemical wastes
Wastes generated in diagnostic laboratories, including pathology laboratories, are considered biochemical wastes
biomedical wastes
a form of waste management incineration, Microwave Treatment, Autoclaving, Plasma-based Systems, and Irradiation
steriliazation
serwer systems
Laboratory Waste Management
Proper Hazardous Waste Disposal Procedures
Hazardous wastes are to be placed in a compatible, nonleaking container, with a nonleaking sealable lid
It should contain the following information:
o Laboratory name (department or division)
o Labels “Caution-Toxic” and “Hazardous Wastes” o Identification of components
o hazard information, concentration and content
o Quantity
Do not store the following wastes close to each other:
acids and bases,
Powdered or reactive metals and combustible materials
Mercury, silver, and ammonium compounds
Waste containers should be solid, with _______, rust, or ______; compatible with the waste and the contents; in the laboratory and not in hallways, floor drains, or the sink
no cracks or deterioration
Wastes should be properly labeled with its full _______, with the approximate percentage of each component for proper identification
chemical name
Biomedical wastes must be collected within ______ and the biomedical waste management and handling rules should be adhered to when
doing so
24 hours
Label all waste bottles properly as “Hazardous Wastes,” which are the only acceptable words. Labels of old containers should be completely removed or defaced. What does the description fit into?
labelling of waste
Failure to label waste bottles may cause accidental combinations of chemicals and we don’t know if it may cause a reaction, explode, or cause accidents.. What does the description fit into?
labelling of waste
Segregate laboratory wastes as chemical wastes, pathological wastes, biological wastes, and radioactive wastes. The wastes should be separated based on chemical compatibility in order to prevent violent chemical reaction. What does the description fit into?
segregation of wastes
Acids, bases, and organic wastes should not be stored in the same cabinet. What does the description fit into?
segregation wastes
Do not store wastes in a fume hood where reactions take place as this may trigger a violent reaction or might cause a fire. What does the description fit into?
storage of wastes
Do not use metal cans for storing wastes since they might corrode in a short time; instead use polyethylene containers. What does the description fit into?
Storage of Wastes
Containers for flammable waste should be stored in an explosion-resistant solvent cabinet. what does the description fit into?
storage of wastes
Waste bottles should be capped to prevent the release of contents. what does the description fit into?
capping waste bottles
Only one waste container of each type should be in the laboratory. If an organic waste bottle is full, it should be sent to the stockroom for disposal. what does the description fit into?
Accumulation of excessive wastes
dry,non-infectiouswastes(e.g.,unused
syringes). type of bag
black bag
infectious wastes (e.g., used syringes). a tye of bag
yellow bag
sharps, broken glass, needles. what color of the bag are they stored?
red
in the phlebotomy they are the blue one tied into the arm to see the vein clearly
tourniquets
Employees are required to use gloves during tourniquet procedure. who are they?
phlebotomy
Use needle holders with evacuated blood tube only once. who uses them?
phlebotomy
they Use sealant for hematocrit tubes only once, do not reform for re-use
hematology
they Decontaminate sedimentation racks frequently and working area after use
hematology
they Work with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) cultures in a Class II Biosafety Cabinet (BSC) level 3;
microbiology
they Secure blood culture bottles in a holding device that allows for easy entry and removal of the needle
microbiology
When tubing is returned to the blood bank with the needle attached, heat seal, clamp, or tie it, cut the tube, and discard it in a sharps container. what does the description fit into? who are they?
blood bank
they Decontaminate equipment at the end of each shift;
chemistry
they Consider all waste from analyzers to be contaminated, and discard it
chemistry
they Never re-cap or remove contaminated needles and other contaminated sharps
chemistry
they Wrap known or suspected TB tissue blocks in cellophane or plastic bags before filling
histopathology
they Decontaminate the cryostat daily with at least 70% ethanol solution
histopathology
they Always consider trimmings and sections of tissue to be infectious.
histopathology
-Wear stainless steel mesh or sharp impermeable gloves when changing knife blades
o Consider all solutions used for staining frozen sections to be contaminated.
o Never store or process reusable sharps, place them in puncture resistant label-color coded, leakproof containers
who are they?
histopathology
