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PMLS > PMLS LESSON 6 > Flashcards

PMLS LESSON 6 Flashcards

1
Q

is considered a legal responsibility of the employer as well as moral obligation to the employee.

A

lab safety

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2
Q

how is lab safety achieved?

A

o Common sense
o A safety focused attitude
o Good personal behavior
o Good housekeeping on all laboratory work and storage areas
o Above all the continual practice of a good laboratory technique.

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3
Q

it where safety in the laboratory begins?

A

recognition of hazards

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4
Q

what are the most common recognition of hazards that we usually encounter?

A

o Electric Shock
o Toxic Vapors
o Compressed Gases o Flammable liquids
o Radioactive Materials o Corrosive substances o Mechanical Trauma o Poisons
o Biological Materials

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5
Q

it is the Specific responsibilities of the employer and employee.

A

Safety responsibilities

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6
Q

in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Establish laboratory work methods and safety policies in their facilities

A

employer

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7
Q

in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Required to knowledge and comply with the established laboratory work safety methods

A

employee

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8
Q

in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Have a positive attitude toward supervisors, fellow coworkers, facilities, and safety training. Be focused on all times.

A

employee

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9
Q

in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Provides safety information, training, personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical surveillance to employees

A

employer

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10
Q

in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Provide supervision and guidance to employees

A

employer

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11
Q

in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? Give prompt notification of unsafe conditions or practices to the immediate supervisor and ensure that unsafe conditions and practices are corrected

A

employee

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12
Q

in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to? they engage in the conduct of safe work practices and use of the personal protective equipment

A

employee

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13
Q

in the safety responsibilities where does this belong to?provide and maintain equipment and laboratory facilities that are adequate for the tasks require

A

employer

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14
Q

_________ re required to wear PPE’s because they handlehazardous specimens such as blood, urine, fecal, etc.

A

employee

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15
Q

Only wear PPEs when you’re _______ the lab, not ______ the lab.

A

inside, outside

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16
Q

what is the reason that we should not wear PPEs outside the lab?

A

to not bring any contaminant when we get back to the lab. It would cause trouble since the hospital has different kinds of contaminant present in the area

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17
Q

In house prepared reagents and solutions should be labeled in a standard manner with the:

A

o Chemical identity o Concentration
o Hazard warning
o Special handling
o Storage conditions o Date prepared
o Expiration date
o Preparer’s initials

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18
Q

In handling chemicals always wear PPEs such as _________
and ________. This is because we are dealing with
chemicals

A

hand gloves and eye goggles

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19
Q

what are the labelling information for users?

A

o Statement of the Hazard
o Precautionary measures
o Specific Hazard Class
o First Aid Instructions for internal/external contact o Storage code
o Safety code
o Personal Protective gear and equipment needed

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20
Q

meaning of OSHA?

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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21
Q

An act that is implemented which governs safety in all types of workplaces including laboratories.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

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22
Q

specifying how workers must be made aware of hazardous materials in the workplace

A

hazard communication standard

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23
Q

intended to minimize the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens

A

Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

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24
Q

meaning of EPA

A

Environmental Protection Agency

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25
Q

Enforces regulations under the Clean Air Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and other environmental statutes.

A

Environmental protection agency

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26
Q

the EPA Enforces regulations under the _________, the __________ and ________ and other environmental statutes.

A

clean air act, resource conservation and Recovery Act

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27
Q

meaning of DOT?

A

Department of Transportation

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28
Q

Enforces regulations it issues about transporting all types of hazardous materials

A

DOT

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29
Q

Approves new medicines and medical devices for safe after use

A

FDA

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30
Q

examples of FDA?

A

Toxicology, transfusion medicine, apheresis

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31
Q

As for Velez College, all safety related concerns (Such as needle stick injury) should be reported to the ___________.

A

safety officer

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32
Q

“a needle prick injury” the said medtech should report the matter to the concern ________ so they could do their action or job in regards to it.

A

safety officer

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33
Q

meaning of NFPA?

A

National Fire Protection Association

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34
Q

what are the colors of the NFPA diamond and their meanings?

A

Red for flammable
blue for health hazard
Yellow reactive and oxidizing reagents
White - Corrosive
Gray - no more than moderate hazard

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35
Q

Store in an area for flammable
reagents. what color does it signify in the NFPA Diamond?

A

Red-flammable

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36
Q

May react violently with air, water, or other substances. Store away
from flammable and combustible materials. what color does it signify in the nfpa diamond?

A

Yellow reactive and oxidizing reagents

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36
Q

Toxic if inhaled, ingested, or
absorbed through the skin. Store in a secure area. what color does it signify in the NFPA Diamond?

A

Blue-health hazard

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37
Q

May harm skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. Store away from red, blue and yellow coded
reagents. what color is it in the nfpa diamond?

A

White-corrosive

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38
Q

presents no more than moderate hazard in any
of the categories. For general chemical storage. what color does it belong in the nfpa diamond?

A

gray-no more than moderate hazard

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39
Q

what is not present in the NFPA Diamond?

A

Gray

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40
Q

what do you call a reagent that is incompatible with other reagents of the same color bar?

A

Exception

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41
Q

This said reagent should be stored separately for there will be no presence of reaction that will happen.

A

exception

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42
Q

what are the The numeric ratings indicate degree of hazard?

A

4 - exteme
3-severe
2-moderate
1- slight
0 - no need

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43
Q

Is any equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses.

A

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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44
Q

Personal protective equipment may include items such as:

A

o Gloves
o Safety glasses and shoes o earplugs or muffs
o Hard hats
o Respirators or coveralls
o Vests and full body suits

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45
Q

what is the color of safety showers and eyewash?

A

green and white

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46
Q

they are above the safety shower and eyewash locations is helpful in locating them in an emergency

A

green and white safety shower and eyewash sign

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47
Q

safety showers and eye wash stations must be w/in ____ and w/in ____ walk of caustic and correosive chemicals

A

100 ft, 10s

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48
Q

what should be the safety showers temperature of its water? how many minute cycle?

A

moderately warm or lukewarm, 15 minute cycle

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49
Q

in the eyewash station the station must be capable of providing a minimum of _______ hands-free flushing capacity?

A

15 minutes

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50
Q

in the eyewash station water should be cultured every ____ months? why?

A

6 months to check if their are organisms

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51
Q

Used to help identify the location of a single or multiple fire extinguishers. They are generally mounted 2 meters above floor level for visibility or adjacent to the fire extinguisher.

A

fire signages

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52
Q

what is the level of the fire signages for visibility?

A

2 meters above the floor level

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53
Q

are considered to be helpful as we will know where exactly the fire extinguishers are located and as well as fire blankets

A

fire signages

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54
Q

Regardless of what type of spill, _____ must be used: ______ and _______

A

PPE, fluid- resistant cover gown and facial protection

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55
Q

what kind of gloves are recommended for the decontamination of spills?

A

Heavyweight, puncture-resistant utility gloves

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56
Q

_________ or _______ covers if the spill is large

A

Rubber boots or waterproof shoe

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57
Q

If the spill contains broken glass, these should be removed first w/ _____ and ______ or _____ and _____

A

tongs , forceps, brush and dustpan

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58
Q

If the spill contains a culture media , sight should be covered completely with ____________. After _______ cleanup procedures can then be started an example of which would be the use of a decontamination solution, alcohol or generally bleach is used to decontaminate surfaces. Where you’ll soak it for a couple of minutes. This procedure is commonly used
in the lab so take note of this.

A

absorbent materials, 10 mins

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59
Q

All employees must be trained in first aid and at a minimum, must know:

A

o The location of the first aid kit
o How to stop bleeding by direct pressure w/a gauze over the wound
o Emergency numbers
o Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

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60
Q

BLS meaning?

A

Basic life support training

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61
Q

a training that is been given to interns prior to duty just so in case of emergency we have a knowledge on what to do.

A

BLS Training

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62
Q

a typical first aid kit should contain the following?

A

o Adhesive plastic bandages
o Large fingertip bandages or knuckle bandages o Triangular sling w/ safety pins
o Gauze dressing pads
o First aid tape roll
o Hot and cold gel packs
o Sterile sponge dressings
o Sterile eye pad or eye wash
o Alcohol preparation pads
o Anti-septic towelettes
o Triple anti-biotic ointment pack (optional)
o Scissors
o Tweezers
o Burn spray
o Ibuprofen
o Tablets (Antacids and non-aspirin pain tablets and many
other first-aid medications such as paracetamol)

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63
Q

is Required to expel noxious and hazardous fumes from chemical reagents

A

fume hoods

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64
Q

Also remove particles that maybe harmful to the
employee who’s working with biologic specimenS

A

fume hoods

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65
Q

Commonly found in: Clinical chemistry and microbiology
or the biosafety cabinets

A

fumehoods

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66
Q

what are the four Chemical storage equipment?

A

o Safety carriers
o Safety cabinets
o Explosion proof refrigerators
o Where you store your reactive agents or chemicals

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67
Q

Primary protection to prevent skin exposure from chemical or specimen (blood and other body fluids) splash or spill

A

Lab gown

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68
Q

Must be a bit loose, available as reusable or disposable depending on laboratory application

A

Lab Gown

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69
Q

What should not be worn outside the lab?

A

LAb gowns

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70
Q

are not substitutes for lab gowns but provide extra protection when fluid contamination is likely

A

aprons

71
Q

what is the recommended lab gown?

A

o Must be long sleeve
o Knee length

72
Q

where are clean lab gowns stored?

A

cabinets of closet

73
Q

they arehung on designated hooks in work area. what lab gown is it referring to?

A

in-use gowns

74
Q

when do you change your lab gowns?

A

changed when soiled
replaced when damaged

75
Q

First would be the __________ of the ________ for each task, then inspect each glove for holes or tears and ______ if damage is found.

A

proper selection , right gloves , discard

76
Q

how do you remove gloves?

A

Aseptically

77
Q

it means turning inside and out

A

aseptically

78
Q

what are the most commonly used materials for gloves?

A

Vinyl
Nitrile
Latex

79
Q

glove that is commonly found with an appearance of a color blue?

A

nitrile

80
Q

type of glove that has powder?

A

latex

81
Q

Used when performing laboratory procedures to protect you from splashes or sprays of infectious materials and aerosol potential.

A

mask

82
Q

Very little info is available about the effectiveness of the ___________ in controlling the spread of the ___.

A

face masks, FLU

83
Q

is a virus that is transmitted through direct contact and what is unknown is the tiny aerosol particles that are implicated in transmission.

A

FLU

84
Q

It is the most common mask

A

surgical mask

85
Q

It is not recommended to buy them on the street but
by the ones in the pharmacy since it is properly made
and manufactured

A

Surgical

86
Q

It is usually used against (TB) Tuberculosis for
protection. A type of mask

A

n-95

87
Q

It is usually used in Covid Wards. It is very tight on
the face. it is a type of mask.

A

Cartridge Purifying

88
Q

surgical masks filters?

A

Bacteria

89
Q

N-95 filers?

A

particles as small as 0.1 um such as tb

90
Q

CARTRIDGE PURIFYING filters?

A

Organic vapors such as xylene or formaldehyde

91
Q

Provide barrier protection to the facial area and related mucous membranes (eyes, nose, lips)

A

work shield

92
Q

what is work shield considered as?

A

Alternative to goggles

93
Q

Used to protect the eye against particles, chemicals, water, glare and from things striking the eyes

A

safety goggles

94
Q

You may be required to change ______ in sterile areas such as the operating room, delivery room, NICU, or in the nursery prior going inside

A

footwear

95
Q

footwear must be made of material that will not allow ______, ______ or ______ to soak through

A

blood, body fluids or chemicals

96
Q

Must cover the
entire foot

A

footwear

97
Q

Comfortable & nonslip soles

A

footwear

98
Q

biological hazard is also known as?

A

Bio hazards

99
Q

substances that can pose a threat to human
health when they are inhaled, eaten, or come in contact with the skin

A

Biological substances

100
Q

Can cause illnesses such as: food poisoning, tetanus, respiratory infections, or parasite infections as well

A

Biological substances

101
Q

biological substances can cause illness such as?

A

food poisoning, tetanus, respiratory infections, or parasite infections as well

102
Q

what does biological hazards include?

A

bacteria, viruses, parasites, molds, and fungi

103
Q

what is the observe universal precaution

A

treat every patient specimen as potentially infectious

104
Q

All blood samples of patient with high risk should be processed with ________.

A

Strict precaution

105
Q

Specimen container should remain “_______” during centrifugation

A

capped

106
Q

is the common hazard as a medtech

A

needle prick

107
Q

Individuals with any wounds or abrasions wear ________ handling blood specimens

A

finger cots/gloves

108
Q

Anything that would come in contact with the skin is considered as a ________.

A

biological hazard

109
Q

Know the Five moments for hand Hygiene

A

prevents “nosocomial infections”

110
Q

Refers to a type of occupational hazard that is caused by exposure to chemicals in the workplace or in the laboratory

A

Chemical hazards

111
Q

examples of chemical hazards

A

o Toxic and poisonous
o Flammable and combustible o Corrosive
o Reactive
o Carcinogenic

112
Q

A dangerous condition where a personnel could make electrical contact with an energized equipment or a conductor. a type of hazard

A

electrical hazards

113
Q

preventive measures of chemical hazards?

A

o Know the nature of the chemical used
o Mechanical pipetting aids must always be used o Observe basic rule “acid to water”
o Chemical spills containment
o Use safety cans, fume hood and cabinets
o Wear proper attire
o Observe proper storage and disposal

114
Q

preventive measures of electrical hazards

A

Use only explosion proof equipment in hazardous
atmospheres
Be particularly careful when operating high-voltage equipment, such as electrophoresis apparatus
Use only properly grounded equipment
Check for “frayed” electrical cords
Report any malfunctioning or equipment producing a “triangle” for prompt repair
Do not work on “live” electrical equipment
Never operate electrical equipment with wet hands
Know the exact location of the electrical control panel for the electricity to your work area
Use only approved extension cords and do not overload circuits
Have a periodic preventive maintenance performed on equipment

115
Q

A type of occupational hazard that either involve the presence of a flame

A

fire hazard

116
Q

preventive measures of a fire hazard

A

o Keep flammable substances in separate rooms
o Use fire-resistant building products
o Use explosion proof refrigerators
oPerform procedures that result in highly combustible reactions under water or in a vacuum chamber

117
Q

Post caution signs to areas with radioactive materials what type of hazard?

A

radioactive materials

118
Q

Only trained personnel area allowed in the areas. what type of laboratory hazard?

A

Radioactive materials

119
Q

in this hazard, Practice proper disposal system

A

radioactive materials

120
Q

Use tongs to remove hot glasswares from ovens, hot plates
or water baths. what type of hazard?

A

mechanical hazard

121
Q

Use glass beads to help eliminate boiling-over when liquids
are heated. what type of hazard?

A

mechanical hazard

122
Q

Handle with care sharp instruments as cork-borers, needles,
scalpel, blades. what type of hazard?

A

mechanical hazard

123
Q

Use gloves of impermeable material when handling his kind of material. what type of hazard?

A

Cryogenic materials (liquid nitrogen)

124
Q

Store cryogenic fluids in _______ but ______.

A

well-insulated, loosely stopped containers

125
Q

Propane, considered to be what type of hazard?

A

compressed gas

126
Q

Consider the design of hand tools, adherence to ergonomically correct technique, and equipment positioning when engaging in any respective task. what type of hazard?

A

ergonomic hazards

127
Q

Good Personal Behavior/Habits

A

Wear proper attire and protective clothing
Tie back long hair
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in the work area
Never mouth pipette
Wash hands frequently

128
Q

Good House Keeping

A

-Keep work areas free of chemicals, dirty glassware, and so on
-Store chemicals properly
-Label reagents and solutions
post warning signs
-One should know that before and after the shift/work shift, we should keep our working area clean and tidy.

129
Q

how to operate a fire extinguisher?

A

R – Rescue, A – Alarm, C – Contain, E – Extinguish P – Pull, A – Aim, S – Squeeze, S – Sweep

130
Q

Good Laboratory Technique

A

-Do not operate new or unfamiliar equipment until you have received instruction and authorization
-Read all labels and instructions carefully
-Make use of the personal safety equipment that is provided
-For the safe handling, uses and disposal of chemicals, learn their properties and hazards
-learn emergency procedures
-be careful when transferring chemicals

131
Q

labarotory wastes are classified to?

A

hazardoues and non-hazardous

132
Q

Materials used to sustain laboratory operations that are no longer needed and should be discarded and disposed

A

laboratory wastes

133
Q

waste that is unstable and reacts violently when exposed to chemical change, releases toxic fumes when mixed with water and even explode under extreme conditions

A

explosivity and reactivity

134
Q

Waste that is capable of detonation and explosive decomposition at standard temperature and pressure.

A

Explosivity and Reactivity

135
Q

Includes waste that needs to be separated from other wastes, waste that may react with heavy metals to produce toxic contaminates, and corrode steel waste containers, and aqueous substance

A

Corrosivity

136
Q

Waste that is harmful to humans and also the environment as it stimulates the leaching of materials from a landfill into the surround groundwater

A

toxicity

137
Q

Includes waste that can cause a fire during routine waste disposal and storage conditions, ignitable gas from flammable mixture at 13% or less concentration and solid substances
that may cause fire through friction or absorption of moistur

A

ignitability

138
Q

These are wastes suspected to contain pathogenic microorganisms

A

infectious wastes

139
Q

Include human and animal tissues, organs, body parts (excluding teeth, hair, finger nails), and body fluids that are removed during autopsy, biopsy, surgery or other medical procedure

A

pathological wastes

140
Q

Include discarded solids, liquids, and gaseous chemicals from laboratory procedures, and include laboratory reagents

A

chemical wastes

141
Q

Wastes generated in diagnostic laboratories, including pathology laboratories, are considered biochemical wastes

A

biomedical wastes

142
Q

a form of waste management incineration, Microwave Treatment, Autoclaving, Plasma-based Systems, and Irradiation
steriliazation
serwer systems

A

Laboratory Waste Management

143
Q

Proper Hazardous Waste Disposal Procedures

A

Hazardous wastes are to be placed in a compatible, nonleaking container, with a nonleaking sealable lid
It should contain the following information:
o Laboratory name (department or division)
o Labels “Caution-Toxic” and “Hazardous Wastes” o Identification of components
o hazard information, concentration and content
o Quantity

144
Q

Do not store the following wastes close to each other:

A

acids and bases,
Powdered or reactive metals and combustible materials
Mercury, silver, and ammonium compounds

145
Q

Waste containers should be solid, with _______, rust, or ______; compatible with the waste and the contents; in the laboratory and not in hallways, floor drains, or the sink

A

no cracks or deterioration

146
Q

Wastes should be properly labeled with its full _______, with the approximate percentage of each component for proper identification

A

chemical name

147
Q

Biomedical wastes must be collected within ______ and the biomedical waste management and handling rules should be adhered to when
doing so

A

24 hours

148
Q

Label all waste bottles properly as “Hazardous Wastes,” which are the only acceptable words. Labels of old containers should be completely removed or defaced. What does the description fit into?

A

labelling of waste

149
Q

Failure to label waste bottles may cause accidental combinations of chemicals and we don’t know if it may cause a reaction, explode, or cause accidents.. What does the description fit into?

A

labelling of waste

150
Q

Segregate laboratory wastes as chemical wastes, pathological wastes, biological wastes, and radioactive wastes. The wastes should be separated based on chemical compatibility in order to prevent violent chemical reaction. What does the description fit into?

A

segregation of wastes

151
Q

Acids, bases, and organic wastes should not be stored in the same cabinet. What does the description fit into?

A

segregation wastes

152
Q

Do not store wastes in a fume hood where reactions take place as this may trigger a violent reaction or might cause a fire. What does the description fit into?

A

storage of wastes

153
Q

Do not use metal cans for storing wastes since they might corrode in a short time; instead use polyethylene containers. What does the description fit into?

A

Storage of Wastes

154
Q

Containers for flammable waste should be stored in an explosion-resistant solvent cabinet. what does the description fit into?

A

storage of wastes

155
Q

Waste bottles should be capped to prevent the release of contents. what does the description fit into?

A

capping waste bottles

156
Q

Only one waste container of each type should be in the laboratory. If an organic waste bottle is full, it should be sent to the stockroom for disposal. what does the description fit into?

A

Accumulation of excessive wastes

157
Q

dry,non-infectiouswastes(e.g.,unused
syringes). type of bag

A

black bag

158
Q

infectious wastes (e.g., used syringes). a tye of bag

A

yellow bag

159
Q

sharps, broken glass, needles. what color of the bag are they stored?

A

red

160
Q

in the phlebotomy they are the blue one tied into the arm to see the vein clearly

A

tourniquets

161
Q

Employees are required to use gloves during tourniquet procedure. who are they?

A

phlebotomy

162
Q

Use needle holders with evacuated blood tube only once. who uses them?

A

phlebotomy

163
Q

they Use sealant for hematocrit tubes only once, do not reform for re-use

A

hematology

164
Q

they Decontaminate sedimentation racks frequently and working area after use

A

hematology

165
Q

they Work with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) cultures in a Class II Biosafety Cabinet (BSC) level 3;

A

microbiology

166
Q

they Secure blood culture bottles in a holding device that allows for easy entry and removal of the needle

A

microbiology

167
Q

When tubing is returned to the blood bank with the needle attached, heat seal, clamp, or tie it, cut the tube, and discard it in a sharps container. what does the description fit into? who are they?

A

blood bank

168
Q

they Decontaminate equipment at the end of each shift;

A

chemistry

169
Q

they Consider all waste from analyzers to be contaminated, and discard it

A

chemistry

170
Q

they Never re-cap or remove contaminated needles and other contaminated sharps

A

chemistry

171
Q

they Wrap known or suspected TB tissue blocks in cellophane or plastic bags before filling

A

histopathology

172
Q

they Decontaminate the cryostat daily with at least 70% ethanol solution

A

histopathology

173
Q

they Always consider trimmings and sections of tissue to be infectious.

A

histopathology

174
Q

-Wear stainless steel mesh or sharp impermeable gloves when changing knife blades
o Consider all solutions used for staining frozen sections to be contaminated.
o Never store or process reusable sharps, place them in puncture resistant label-color coded, leakproof containers
who are they?

A

histopathology

PMLS (33 decks)

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