Platyhelminthes

Question 1

A large clade that contains almost all tripblastic animals and these kinds of animals can be divided into two clades

Answer 1

Bilateria

Question 2

3 clades of Bilateria

Answer 2

1. Lophotrocozoa
2. Excysozoa
3. Deuterostomia

Question 3

What is a protostome taxon that possess either a lophophore or a trocophore larva?

Answer 3

Lophotrochozoa

Question 4

In lophotrocozoa, what is a crown of ciliated tentacles found near the mouth and is used for feeding and respiration?

Answer 4

Lophophore

Question 5

In lophotrochozoas, what is a free-swimming larva with a ring of large ciliated cells in front of the mouth and is primarily used for locomotion but can be used in feeding

Answer 5

Trochophore

Question 6

What consists of free-living and parasitic species where most are aquatic and terrestrial ones are limited to moist areas

Answer 6

Platyhelminthes

Question 7

What kind of bodies do flatworms have?

Answer 7

Dorsoventrally flattened bodies

Question 8

Do Platyhelminthes have a body cavity?

Answer 8

No, they are acoelomate

Question 9

Order at which platyhelminthes host on an organims

Answer 9

First is invertebrates, final is vertebrate

Question 10

What are the debates regarding the validity of platyhelminthes?

Answer 10

1. No clear defining feature of all members of the phylum
2. phylum is shown to be monophyletic

Question 11

In platyhelminthes, which organisms have ciliated epidermis?

Answer 11

Free-living flatworms

Question 12

In platyhelminthes, which organism have nonciliated epidermis?

Answer 12

parasitic flatworms

Question 13

For free-living flatworms, how do they attach to surfaces?

Answer 13

dual-gland adhesive organs

Question 14

what are rod-shaped sturctures that swell and form a protective mucous sheath that free-swimming flatworms attach to?

Answer 14

Rhabdites

Question 15

For parasitic flatwroms, what do they have that has multiple nuclei in one cell membrane and the larve are ciliated and lose the cilia once a host is contacted and it is resistant to immune response?

Answer 15

Syncytial tegument

Question 16

Free-living flatowrms are either what?

Answer 16

predators or scavengers

Question 17

Parasitic worms feed on?

Answer 17

Host tissues

Question 18

Most flatworms have an incomplete what?

Answer 18

Incomplete digestive system

Question 19

What do flatworm intestines have?

Answer 19

3 multi-branced trunks

Question 20

What kind of digestion do flatworms have?

Answer 20

extracellular

Question 21

What group of flatworms lack a digestive system therefore rely on the hosts digestive system?

Answer 21

Tapeworms

Question 22

What is the excretory system of flatworms made of?

Answer 22

Photonephridia

Question 23

In photonephridia, what are flagellated cells that line the tubules and direct waste?

Answer 23

flame cells

Question 24

What systems do flatworms lack?

Answer 24

Respiratory and circulatory system

Question 25

How is gas and nutrient exchange faciliated in flatworms?

Answer 25

diffusion and intercellular junctions

Question 26

What system do flatworms have that are simple with longitudinal nerve cordsw with transverse nerves forming a “ladder” pattern?

Answer 26

Nervous system

Question 27

In faltworms, where can a large concentration of nerve cells be found ?

Answer 27

Anterior end with sensory cells

Question 28

Most flatworm species are what?

Answer 28

Monoecious/hermaphroditic

Question 29

How do flatowrms reproduce?

Answer 29

Internally (hermaphroditic) or fission

Question 30

What do some flatworm species engage in where 2 worms fight and attempt to stab each other with their penis to inseminate?

Answer 30

Penis fencing

Question 31

True or false: parasitic flatworms have varied life cycles

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What class of flatworm is mostly free-living, inhabit marine, freshwater, and moist terrestrrial habitats, and their intestines can either have 3 or more branches?

Answer 32

Turbellaria

Question 33

In Turbellaria, how do smaller planarians move?

Answer 33

swim with their cilia

Question 34

In Turbellaria, how do larger and terrestrial planarians move?

Answer 34

crawl with muscular undulations

Question 35

What flatworm class are internal parasite, their life cycle involves a primary host and one or more secondary hosts?

Answer 35

Trematoda

Question 36

What is the priamary host of trematoda?

Answer 36

Mollusk

Question 37

What is the secondary host of trematoda?

Answer 37

vertebrates

Question 38

What kind of trematode lives in infested water and can cause several diseases?

Answer 38

Schistosoma

Question 39

What do schistosoma trematodes cause?

Answer 39

Schistosomiasis

Question 40

Where is schistosomiasis more common in?

Answer 40

tropical and subtropical countries with poor water quality and sanitation

Question 41

What kind of trematoda is common in many east asian regions and inhabit the bile ducts of himans and other mammals? snail to fish to mammal

Answer 41

Liver flukes

Question 42

What flatworm class are paraisitic, attach to hosts’ posterior attachment organ with hooks on the external (of fish), and only have one host in its whole life time?

Answer 42

Monogenea

Question 43

In monogenea, what is the posterior attachment that they attach to on their host?

Answer 43

Opisthaptor

Question 44

What flatworm class are internal paraistes that live in the digestive tract of the vertebrate host and need at least 2 hosts?

Answer 44

Cestoda

Question 45

What kind of bodies do cestoda (tapeworms) have?

Answer 45

long flattened bodies

Question 46

In tapeworm bodies, what is a structure with hooks and suckers for attaching to the host’s gut and is a modification of the posterior end; not a head?

Answer 46

Scolex

Question 47

In tapeworm bodies, what are segments that faciliate reproduction where when they mature, they detach and are passed in the feces of the host and contain both male and female reproductive system?

Answer 47

Proglottids

Question 48

What is a chain of proglottids called?

Answer 48

Strobila

Question 49

Do tapeworms have a digstive system?

Answer 49

no

Question 50

Are tapeworms’ nervous and excretory systems similar to other flatworms?

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

What do adult tapeworms lack? what do they have instead?

Answer 51

External cilia; microtriches

Question 52

How do tapeworm infects humans?

Answer 52

consumption of poorly cooked or uncooked pork, beef, fish

Question 53

what tapeworm is the most common in humans and juveniles live in intramuscular tissue of cattle and the adults live in the human intestine and can reach up to 10m up?

Answer 53

Beef tapeworm

Question 54

What tapeworm is also common and the larvae develop in pig muscles then infect human intestines and if fertilized eggs are directly ingested by humans, larvae may infect the brain, spinal cord, liver, muscles, or eyes?

Answer 54

Pork tapeworm

Question 55

What tapeworm has immature stages that develop in fish or crustaceans, mature individuals live in mammal intestines

Answer 55

Fish tapeworm