Anthropoda II Flashcards
What arthropod subphylum is the second largest subphylum in arthropods
- dominant are aquatic arthropods
- closest related subphylum to insects and other hexapods
- together form the clade pancrustacea
Crustacea
How many antennae do crustaceans?
2
What mouthparts do crustaceans have?
mandibles
What do crustaceans have that covers the cephalothorax or the entire body?
Carapace
What is the exoskeleton reinforced with?
Calcium carbonate
What kind of appendages do crustaceans have where there are 2 branches at the end of the segments?
Biramous
What kind of circulatory system do crustaceans have?
Open circulatory systems
What does the dorsal heart in crustaceans pump?
Hemolymph (blood and intestinal fluid)
What is the balance organ found in the antennae of crustaceans?
Statocyts
What are the compound eyes of crustaceans made of?
ommatidia
What crustacean class is the most diverse and has 4 orders?
Malacostraca
What malacostraca order is the only crustaceans with fully terrestiral species
-dorsoventrally flattened
-no carapace
-species roll into a ball for protection
Isopoda
What malacostraca order lack a carapace
-laterally compressed
-typically marine with beach dwelling, freshwater, and parasitic species
Amphipoda
What malacostraca order has only 90 species
-planktonic organisms
-bioluminescent
- major part of fish and whale diets
Euphausiacea
What malacostraca order have 5 pairs of walking legs
-sizes range from a few mm to 4 meters
-economically important as food source`
Decapoda
What are true crabs called?
Brachyura
What is the process of non-crab crustaceans independently evolving crab-like forms?
carcinization
What arthropod subphylum is the most numerous group of arthropods
-6 walking legs all uniarmous
-3 tagmata
Hexapoda
What are the 3 tagmata of hexapoda?
head, thorax, abdomen
What hexapoda class have the bases of the mouthparts enclosed with the head capsule?
Entognatha
What hexapoda class is the larges group of animals
-found in almost every habitat that supports life
-few are marine, some are intertidal
-only invertebrates capable of flight
Insecta
What is the study of insects called?
entomology
How many wings do insects have?
2 pairs
What are the modified hind wings of true flies called?
Halteres
What do the head of insects contain?
1 pair of compound eyes
1 pair of antennae
3 ocelli
What are the simple light-detecting organs found on insects head?
ocelli
What do insects feed on?
Most on plants, some on dead animals, others hunt
What are tube-like and are adapted for piercing tissue in insects?
sucking mouthparts
What do butterflies and moths have that are used for feeding on nectar?
proboscis
In insect mouths, what are adapted for seizing and crushing food?
chewing mouthparts or mandibles
What kind of mouthparts do houseflies have with large pairs of lobes for consuming liquid food?
sponging
What kind of circulatory system do insects have?
Open circulatory system
How do insects breathe?
tracheal system
In insects tracheal system, what are the external openings called?
spiracles
In insects, how is waste secreted?
Malpighian tubules
What kind of metamorphosis is incomplete and takes place gradually?
Hemimetabolous
What kind of metamorphosis is complete and occurs in 3 distinct stages?
Holometabolous
What Holometabolous stage is wormlike in shape and usually have chewing mouth parts?
Larva
What Holometabolous stage is a transitional stage, nonfeeding stage and usually inactive and insect is enveloped in a case?
Pupa
What Holometabolous stage is the winged stage and do not undergo further molting?
Adult
What kind of insects have complex social structures regulated by chemical and tactile communication
Eusocial Insects
How are eusocial insects differentiated?
Castes
What castes in honeybees is a sexually mature female and only one per hive?
Queen
What castes in honeybees are sexually mature males and a few hundred per hive?
Drones
What castes in honeybees are sexually inactive females and make up most of the colony?
Workers
What kind of behavior do ants have?
economic behavioral patterns
What insect subclass are ancestrally wingless?
Apterygota
What insect subclass are ancestrally winged?
Pterygota
What is the largest order in insects (beetles)
Coleoptera
How can insects be beneficial?
honey, silk, source of food, pollination, environment quality indicator, forsenic stuff
What mosquito causes malaria?
Anopheles mosquitos
What mosquito cause dengue?
Aedes aegypti
