Mollusca Part I & II

Question 1

What is the second largest animal phylum, mostly marine with ~90000 described species, are soft bodied and eucoelomate?

Answer 1

Mollusk

Question 2

What group of mollusk have adapted for land?

Answer 2

Snails and slugs

Question 3

In mollusk, what is it called when the coelom is restricted to a cavity around the heart in adults?

Answer 3

Eucoelomate

Question 4

True or False:
Majority of mollusks are small, largest can grow 20m or up to 900 kg

Answer 4

True

Question 5

In mollusk, what general body plan contains the feeding, sensory, and locomotor organs?

Answer 5

Head-foot

Question 6

In the head-foot, what contains the mouth and specialized senosry structures such as photoreceptors?

Answer 6

Head

Question 7

In the head-foot, what are extendable tongue-like organ found in all mollusks except bivalves and most solenogaster, has filelike teeht made of chiting for scraping, piercing, tearing, or cutting?

Answer 7

Radula

Question 8

In the head-foot, what supports the radula?

Answer 8

Odontophore

Question 9

In the head-foot, what is adapted for movement or attachment to surfaces, usually located on the ventral surface and movement is typically waves of muscle contraction and modified in some groups?

Answer 9

Foot

Question 10

In mollusk, what general body plan contains digestive circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive organs and found above the foot?

Answer 10

Visceral mass

Question 11

In the visceral mass, what is the tissue that extends outward from the visceral mass, secretes the shell, contains sensory receptors, capelike; wraps around the body?

Answer 11

Mantle

Question 12

In the visceral mass, what is the space between the visceral mass and mantle, houses respiratory organs such as gills and lungs and the digestive, reproductive and excretory system products are emptied here?

Answer 12

Mantle cavity

Question 13

True or False:
The respiratory organs develop from the mantle

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What mollusks have water continuously pumped into the mantle cavity for respiration, feeding, and excreon?

Answer 14

acquatic mollusks

Question 15

What mollusks use the mantle and mantle cavity for jet propulsion?

Answer 15

Cephalopods

Question 16

In the visceral mass, what is secreted by the mantle, has 3 layers, are varied, and gets calcium from the environment?

Answer 16

Shell

Question 17

In the shell, what are the 3 layers?

Answer 17

1. Periostracum
2. Prismatic layer
3. Nacreous layer

Question 18

in the shell layers, What are the prismatic and nacreous layers made of?

Answer 18

Calcium carbonate

Question 19

In the shell layers, what is the periostracum made of?

Answer 19

Conchiolin

Question 20

What mollusk has a thin periostracum or sometimes absent?

Answer 20

Marine mollusks

Question 21

In the visceral mass, what are generally less efficient at supplying oxygen and found in MOST mollusks?

Answer 21

Open circulatory systems

Question 22

In visceral mass, what do cephalopods have?

Answer 22

CLosed circulatory system

Question 23

In the visceral mass, what has extensive ciliary tracts and is complex and specialized?

Answer 23

Digestive tract

Question 24

In visceral mass, what are the 2 kidneys called?

Answer 24

metanephridia

Question 25

Are mollusk monoecious or dioecious?

Answer 25

Monoecious

Question 26

Are mollusks hermaphroditic?

Answer 26

some

Question 27

Mollusk larvae are typically what kind of larvae?

Answer 27

Free-swimming trochophore larvae

Question 28

What mollusk groups have an additional larvae stage?

Answer 28

Bivalves and Gastropods

Question 29

For bivalves and gastropods, what is the additional layer called where there is an early foot, shell, and mantle visible and is the only free-swimming stage in some mollusks?

Answer 29

Veliger

Question 30

What three mollusks have no free-swimming larvae?

Answer 30

Cephaloods, some bivalves, some freshwater and marine snails

Question 31

What mollusk class is shell-less and wormlike, have an oral shield and a radula, dioecious, and resemble the likely common ancestor of all molluks?

Answer 31

Caudofoveata

Question 32

What mollusk class is simlar to caudofoveata, no radula or gills, monoevious, and often feed on cnidarians?

Answer 32

Solenogastres

Question 33

What mollusk class has many plates, known as chitons, dorsoventraly flattened, dorsal shell made of 8 plates, have a radula, mostly dioecious, no veliger stage, head and cephalic sensory organs are reduced?

Answer 33

Polyplacophora

Question 34

In polyplacophora, what are the chemoreceptive sense organs found near the anus?

Answer 34

Osphradia

Question 35

What mollusk class is one plate, one caplike shell covering the dorsal side, simple radula, and some organs are serially repeated?

Answer 35

Monoplacophora

Question 36

In monoplacophora, what is it called when some organs are serially repeated?

Answer 36

Pseudometamerism

Question 37

What mollusk class has boat feet, also known as tusk shells or tooth shells, mantle is tube shaped, single conical shell open on both ends, and lack ctenidia?

Answer 37

Scaphophoda

Question 38

What mollusk class has a stomach foot, the larges class of mollusks, includes snails, slugs, conches, limpets, sea butterflies, and only class with a terrestrial species?

Answer 38

Gastropoda

Question 39

In gastropods, the shell is always what?

Answer 39

Univalve

Question 40

In gastropod shells, what contains the smallest and oldest whorl?

Answer 40

Apex

Question 41

In gastropod shells, what is the opening often colored with an operculum?

Answer 41

Aperture

Question 42

In gastropods, what is the rotation of the shell, mantle, and visceral organs in gastropd developmnt that allows the head to be withdrawn into the mantle cavity?

Answer 42

Torsion

Question 43

In gastropods, what happens when the anus and mantle cavity opening is above the head?

Answer 43

Increases risk of fouling

Question 44

In gastropods, what is the spiral winding of the shell and visceral mass, organs become asymmetrically arranged to account for the unbalanced weight?

Answer 44

Coiling

Question 45

Are gastropods herbivores or carnivores?

Answer 45

Herbivores

Question 46

What venom do certain gastropods produce from a modified radula?

Answer 46

Conotoxin

Question 47

How do most gastropods respire?

Answer 47

Ctenidium

Question 48

Are gastropods monecious or dioecious?

Answer 48

Both

Question 49

What gastropod subclass is the largest group, most marine snails and some terrestrial/freshwater gastropods and have one pair of tentacles?

Answer 49

Prosobranchia

Question 50

What gastropod subclass are sea slugs, sea hares, sea butterflies, mostly marine and shallow water, and have 2 pairs of tentacles?

Answer 50

Opisthobranchia

Question 51

What gastropod subclass are land and most freshwater snails/slugs with a few brackhis and marine species, no ctenidia; mantle cavity has a lung?

Answer 51

Pulmonata

Question 52

What mollusk class have two valves fused with ligaments on the dorsal side and mostly marine with some living in freshwater and brackish environments, majority are sedentary filter-feeders, no head, radula and minimal cephalization?

Answer 52

Bivalvia

Question 53

In bivalvia shells, what are the valves held together by?

Answer 53

Hinge ligament

Question 54

In bivalvia, what is the oldes part of the shell called?

Answer 54

Umbo

Question 55

In bivalvia, what is a byproduct response caused by irritation caused by foreign objects?

Answer 55

Pearl Production

Question 56

In bivalvia bodies, where is the viceral mass suspended?

Answer 56

Dorsal Side

Question 57

In bivalvia bodies, what is formed on the posterior side of the mantle that are modified?

Answer 57

Incurrent and excurrent openings

Question 58

In bivalvia bodies, how is the foot attached to the visceral mass?

Answer 58

Anteroventrally

Question 59

In bivalvia bodies, where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 59

Ctenidia and mantle

Question 60

What kind of relationship do bivalves have with bacteria and dinoflagellates?

Answer 60

Symbiotic

Question 61

What do bacteria help bivalves in?

Answer 61

Produce cellulaes to help digest wood

Question 62

What do dinoflagellates help bivalves in?

Answer 62

giant clams get nutrition from photosynthetic products

Question 63

Are bivalves monecious or dioecious?

Answer 63

Usually dioecious

Question 64

What kind of fertilization happens in bivalves?

Answer 64

Most external, most freshwater internal

Question 65

What mollusk class has a head foot, octopuses, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus, and are all marine

Answer 65

Cephalopda

Question 66

What kind of predators are cephalophods where they feed on small fish, and food is captured with the arms and then brough to the beaklike jaws?

Answer 66

Active

Question 67

What cephalopod secrete venom from their salivary glands?

Answer 67

Octopuses and cuttlefish

Question 68

What is the only cephalopod with an external shell?

Answer 68

Nautilus

Question 69

In other cephalopods like squids, what shell is internal?

Answer 69

Pen

Question 70

Do octopus have shells?

Answer 70

NO

Question 71

How do cephalopds move?

Answer 71

Expelling water from mantle cavity through the siphon

Question 72

What kind of circulatory system do cephalopds have?

Answer 72

Closed circulatory system

Question 73

What heart in cephalopods move blood through the gills?

Answer 73

2 Branchial hearts

Question 74

What heart in cephalopds move blood to the rest of the body?

Answer 74

1 systemic heart

Question 75

How many pairs of gills do cephalopods and nautiloids have respectively?

Answer 75

One pair; two pairs

Question 76

True or False: Cephalopods have the largest brain in any invertebrate with multiple lobes

Answer 76

True

Question 77

What cephalopod is capable of observational learning and tactile exploration?

Answer 77

Octopods

Question 78

How do cephalopods communicate?

Answer 78

Visual signals; chromatophores

Question 79

What do cephalopods do for self-defense?

Answer 79

Produce dark ink

Question 80

Are cephalopods monoecious or dioecious?

Answer 80

Dioecious

Question 81

In cephalopods do they have free-swimming larvae?

Answer 81

No

Question 82

What cephalopod subclass has 2 gills and the only surviving member is the Nautilus?

Answer 82

Nautiloidea

Question 83

What cephalopod subclass are ammonites and all are extinct after the cretaceous?

Answer 83

Ammonoidea

Question 84

What cephalopod subclass consists of all other living cephalopods and have 1 pair of gills?

Answer 84

Coleoidea

Question 85

What are mollusks threatened by?

Answer 85

Ocean acidification