plant reproduction Flashcards
what is an asexual reproduction
involves only one parent organism
all the characteristics of the one parent are passed on to all of the offspring
genetically identical offspring from the parent
what is a sexual reproduction
requires two organisms of the same species, a male and female
each individual produces sex cells(gametes)
involves fertilisation
a mixture of parent’s characteristic
each of the offspring is different from other offspring and their parent
mitosis happens in asexual/sexual reproduction
asexual
meiosis happens in asexual/sexual reproduction
sexual
what is mitosis
division of one kind of cell that result in two identical daughter cell
what is meiosis
division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid
advantage of sexual reproduction in growing crops
new varieties of a plant that might give a better yield or survival ability
advantage and disadvantage of asexual reproduction in growing crops
varieties of useful features can be cloned. ( but it could be wipe out of a single diseases)
what is carpel
female part of plant
what does carpel contain
stigma- a platform on which the pollen grains can land
style- a stalk that holds the stigma
ovary - a hollow chamber where ovules develop from the walls of the ovary
what is stamen
the male part of the plant
what does stamen contain
anther- contains pollen sacs filled with pollen grains
filament - along stalk that holds anther to release pollen onto a visiting insect
purpose of petal
attract insect by colour and nectar, a sugary solution
what is a pollination
a process of male gametes transferred to the female part of the plant
what is self-pollination
the transformation from anther to the stigma of the same flower or different flower on the same plant
what is cross-pollination
the transformation from anther to the stigma of another plant that is same species. greater chance of genetic variation than self-pollination
difference in feature of insect-pollinating plant and wind-pollinating plant
insect-pollinated large petals have nectaries anthers and stigma inside flower sticky pollen grains large quantities of pollen
wind-pollinated small petals anthers dangling outside the flower stigma large and feathery outside the flower light pollen very large quantities of pollen made
process of fertilisation in plants
after pollination, when male gamete is on stigma.
the pollen grain begins to grow a tube, which is pollen tube
it secretes enzymes to digest a pathway through the style
the pollen tube grows down through the style and the ovary, towards the ovule
the pollen tube grows through the micropyle, which is a gap in the covering of the ovule. the male gamete reaches ovule
the progression after fertilisation to seed
once the ovule have been fertilised, the ovule starts to grow. it contains zygote divides by mitosis to form an embryo, which becomes a seed.
which part of embryo will become root and shoot
radicle will become a root
plumule will become a shoot
what is the purpose of cotyledon
a store of energy which will be use for the growth if the seed is in a suitable condition
purpose of testa
protect cotyledon
what is a micropyle
a small hole in the testa that allow the entry of water and oxygen
suitable condition for germination
oxygen, water
suitable temperature and pH
