plant reproduction

Question 1

what is an asexual reproduction

Answer 1

involves only one parent organism
all the characteristics of the one parent are passed on to all of the offspring
genetically identical offspring from the parent

Question 2

what is a sexual reproduction

Answer 2

requires two organisms of the same species, a male and female
each individual produces sex cells(gametes)
involves fertilisation
a mixture of parent’s characteristic
each of the offspring is different from other offspring and their parent

Question 3

mitosis happens in asexual/sexual reproduction

Answer 3

asexual

Question 4

meiosis happens in asexual/sexual reproduction

Answer 4

sexual

Question 5

what is mitosis

Answer 5

division of one kind of cell that result in two identical daughter cell

Question 6

what is meiosis

Answer 6

division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid

Question 7

advantage of sexual reproduction in growing crops

Answer 7

new varieties of a plant that might give a better yield or survival ability

Question 8

advantage and disadvantage of asexual reproduction in growing crops

Answer 8

varieties of useful features can be cloned. ( but it could be wipe out of a single diseases)

Question 9

what is carpel

Answer 9

female part of plant

Question 10

what does carpel contain

Answer 10

stigma- a platform on which the pollen grains can land

style- a stalk that holds the stigma

ovary - a hollow chamber where ovules develop from the walls of the ovary

Question 11

what is stamen

Answer 11

the male part of the plant

Question 12

what does stamen contain

Answer 12

anther- contains pollen sacs filled with pollen grains

filament - along stalk that holds anther to release pollen onto a visiting insect

Question 13

purpose of petal

Answer 13

attract insect by colour and nectar, a sugary solution

Question 14

what is a pollination

Answer 14

a process of male gametes transferred to the female part of the plant

Question 15

what is self-pollination

Answer 15

the transformation from anther to the stigma of the same flower or different flower on the same plant

Question 16

what is cross-pollination

Answer 16

the transformation from anther to the stigma of another plant that is same species. greater chance of genetic variation than self-pollination

Question 17

difference in feature of insect-pollinating plant and wind-pollinating plant

Answer 17

insect-pollinated
large petals
have nectaries
anthers and stigma inside flower
sticky pollen grains
large quantities of pollen

wind-pollinated
small petals
anthers dangling outside the flower
stigma large and feathery outside the flower
light pollen
very large quantities of pollen made

Question 18

process of fertilisation in plants

Answer 18

after pollination, when male gamete is on stigma.
the pollen grain begins to grow a tube, which is pollen tube
it secretes enzymes to digest a pathway through the style
the pollen tube grows down through the style and the ovary, towards the ovule
the pollen tube grows through the micropyle, which is a gap in the covering of the ovule. the male gamete reaches ovule

Question 19

the progression after fertilisation to seed

Answer 19

once the ovule have been fertilised, the ovule starts to grow. it contains zygote divides by mitosis to form an embryo, which becomes a seed.

Question 20

which part of embryo will become root and shoot

Answer 20

radicle will become a root

plumule will become a shoot

Question 21

what is the purpose of cotyledon

Answer 21

a store of energy which will be use for the growth if the seed is in a suitable condition

Question 22

purpose of testa

Answer 22

protect cotyledon

Question 23

what is a micropyle

Answer 23

a small hole in the testa that allow the entry of water and oxygen

Question 24

suitable condition for germination

Answer 24

oxygen, water

suitable temperature and pH

Question 25

what is a germination

Answer 25

development from seed to a young plant