alimentary canal Flashcards
describe the process of the alimentary canal
- food enters the mouth, teeth break down food into smaller pieces. also amylase in the saliva
- enters oesophagus, the waves of muscular contraction move the ball of food to the stomach( peristalsis)
- enters the stomach- digest protein by HCl acid and pepsin. the stomach mixes the food with the chyme and the mixture is passed through a sphincter to
- enter the duodenum- enzymes ( amylase, trypsin, lipase) from the pancreas and intestine wall digest their food molecule. Bile from the liver ( gall bladder) emulsifies fat into smaller droplets. water is absorbed into the wall of the intestine
- then it enters the large intestine - reabsorbs remaining water, vitamin and minerals
- the remaining substance is stored in rectum and came out from anus
difference between chemical and mechanical digestion
mechanical digestion is a physical movement such as muscle contraction or chewing
chemical digestion is a break down of food using enzymes
four types of teeth
incisor- for cutting and biting
canine - for cutting
premolars- for chewing and crushing
molars- for chewing and crushing
why is there mucus on the wall of the stomach
protect the wall of the stomach from the acid
why is ileum highly folded
to give a much larger surface area for absorbtion
why is there microvilli in the villi
to increase surface area
epithelium feature
one cell thick so provide short distance for diffusion
goblet cell function
produces mucus to protect getting digested by body’s own enzymes
lacteal function
transport fatty acids and glycerol
what is hepatic portal vein
transport absorbed food products to the liver
function of liver
manufacture of bile, provide an ideal concentration of food molecules, deamination
what is assimilation
the process of moving food molecules into the cells where they are used
the process of deamination
excess amino acid + oxygen = ammonia and sugar acid
ammonia - bond with carbon dioxide to produce urine and water
sugar-acid- used as energy
