environment Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a monoculture

A

growing single variety of plants( crops) in a large area

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2
Q

negative effects of monoculture

A

low biodiversity
increase in the population of pest of the crop
destroying habitats for animal

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3
Q

the negative impact of intensive livestock production

A

spread of diseases

the waste can pollute the land or the river

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4
Q

what is the usual factor for famine

A

weather

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5
Q

effect of deforestation

A

if the tree is cut, the soil under will be exposed to rain.
this will make soil thin.
it can be washed away and this will cause soil erosion
as well as a flood if they get into the river.

less rainfall because not many trees will absorb and tranpirate them

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6
Q

give two examples of greenhouse gases

A

carbon dioxide and methane

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7
Q

how does the greenhouse effect happen

A

shortwave radiation from the sun hits the ground
the ground absorb and emitted out longwave radiation
greenhouse gas will reflect back the longwave radiation make the earth get heated again

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8
Q

what is the main source of production of carbon dioxide

A

burning fossil fuels

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9
Q

what we could do to reduce methane production

A

recycle rubbish more because the decay of rubbish creates methane

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10
Q

which two gases cause acid rain

A

nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide

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11
Q

how does acid rain affect plant’s growth

A

it washes out ions which are essential nutrients for the plant. also difficult for plant to absorb nutrients in the soil

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12
Q

how does acid rain affect river

A

ions will wash into the river, some ions are poisonous to the organism in the liver ( aluminium ion)

water will be acidic

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13
Q

what will be the usual cause of eutrophication

A

fertilisers and untreated sewage

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14
Q

describe the process of eutrophication

A

the (nitrate) fertiliser make the algae grow fast
algae cover the top surface of the river
light can’t be reached the plants under water
can’t do photosynthesis so dies.
less plant will do photosynthesis so oxygen level decrease and also the bacteria will decompose the dead plant, this will also reduce oxygen
the fish in the lake will lack oxygen so it dies, bacteria will need even more oxygen to decompose them
eventually, all the living organisms in the river will die due to a lack of oxygen

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15
Q

what is a DDT

A

a pesticide that kills insects

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16
Q

how does DDT spread to the whole food chain

A

animal placed in the higher place of the food chain will have a greater concentration of DDT

for example, the insect gets DDT and get eaten by shrimps
shrimps are eaten by fish
fish eaten by bird

DDT can’t be break down so it will compile in the organism

17
Q

what is non-biodegradable mean

A

it cannot be broken down by decomposers

18
Q

effect of plastic in the environment

A

they may harm animal by choking them or they stuck in their stomach which can’t be digested so animal dies from lack of nutrient because they cant eat food

19
Q

what are sustainable resources

A

a resource that is produced rapidly as it is removed from the environment

20
Q

purpose of sewage treatment

A

remove harmful micro-organisms in the sewage that can harm the environment and people

21
Q

process of sewage treatment

A

grit and sand is removed by the screen

solid waste is removed in first settling tanks

then it goes to the aeration tank, where aerobic microorganisms grow and feed on the organic matter

then it goes to the second settling tank, where microorganism sink and returned back to the aeration tank

the pure water now is sent to the river

the sludge is passed to a digester so it can produce methane which can be used as a fuel

22
Q

what is sustainable development

A

providing needs for the human without harming the environment

23
Q

factors that endanger species

A

hunting, habitat destruction, pollution, introduced species

24
Q

way to keep up a particular species of fish

A

breed large number of them in hatcheries and then release them