biotechnology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is biotechnology

A

using living organisms to carry out processes to make out the substance we want

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2
Q

why do we use microorganisms such as bacteria for genetic engineering and biotechnology

A

they are easy and quick to reproduce
no ethical issues
same genetic code with all the organism

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3
Q

equation for fermentation

A

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

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4
Q

how can we use ethanol

A

for fuels

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5
Q

what makes the dough rise in bread making

A

carbon dioxide

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6
Q

what is the organism that involves in fermentation

A

yeast

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7
Q

what happens to the alcohol that yeast produce during bread making

A

they get to break down when the bread is baked. during baking, the heat also kills yeast.

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8
Q

what process does the yeast do during fermentation

A

anaerobic respiration

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9
Q

what is lactase

A

an enzyme breaks down the sugar found in milk

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10
Q

why do all the human produce lactase when they are a baby

A

to digest the only source of food

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11
Q

the purpose of making lactase

A

some people don’t produce lactase when they become an adult so they will get sick if they drink milk or eat cheese

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12
Q

why is there a water jacket around the fermentor

A

to control the temperature that can affect enzymes’ activity

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13
Q

why is there air supply in the manufacture of penicillin

A

bubbles provide oxygen and mix the nutrients with penicillium together

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14
Q

what is the action needed for the fermentor of penicillin

A

stirring

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15
Q

what is genetic engineering

A

changing genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes

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16
Q

purpose of fermenter

A

to grow bacteria or fungi to a large amount

17
Q

the process of genetic engineering

A

desirable gene is identified and located

the gene is cut by the restriction enzyme

the plasmid( bacterial cell) is cut open at specific points, by the same restriction enzyme. now it is called the vector

the enzyme ligase add desirable gene into the vector

the vector is re-inserted into the bacterial cell

place in a fermenter to reproduce them into large amount

bacteria is removed

18
Q

the function of restriction enzyme

A

cut the DNA into pieces and leaving sticky ends at the end of the pieces

19
Q

the function of ligase enzyme

A

combine the DNA pieces