Plant Cells Flashcards
1
Q
Are made up of
A
- Cell walls
- Cell membrane
- Cell nucleus
- Cytoskeleton
- Plastids
- Chloroplasts
- Leucoplasts
- rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- nucleolus
- golgi apparatus
- mitochondria
- chromatin network
- vesicles
- Vacuole
- Ribosome
2
Q
The cel wall
A
- only non living part of the plant cell
- helps protect and strengthens the cell
3
Q
Cell membrane
A
- the membrane around the outside of the cell (bound by either a single double or no membrane at all)
- provides protection
- and also allows what comes in and out
4
Q
Cell nucleus
A
- it contains the DNA of the cell
- has at least one nucleus
- can easily be seen under a light microscope
5
Q
Cytoskeleton
A
- a network of filaments and tubules that exerts through your the cell through the cytoplasms
6
Q
microtubules
A
responsible for the structural strength
7
Q
actin filaments
A
responsible for contraction (like muscles)
8
Q
plastids
A
are relatively large organelle that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own circular DNA And are able to replace themselves
3 main types of plastids are developed from small colourless organelles the are protoplastids before they decide what the want to be
9
Q
chloroplast
A
- contains a double membrane
- filled with stroma
- most common type of plastic
- located in the cytoplasmic ground
- contain green pigments (chlorophyll) which trap light energy fro photosynthesis
- contains a variety of orangey pigments also knows as cartenoids
- bounded by 2 membranes
10
Q
Leucoplasts
A
- Are colourless plastids found in the storage organs of plants
- if they are exposed to light they can evolve into chloroplasts
11
Q
Amyloplasts (from leucoplasts)
A
- store starch and are found in potatoes flour wheat corn and rice etc
12
Q
protoplasts (leucoplasts)
A
- store proteins and are found in beans nuts peas etc
13
Q
Elaioplasts (leucoplasts)
A
- store fat/lipids and are found in avocado olives citrus fruits etc
14
Q
chromoplasts
A
- located in the cytoplasmic matrix
- they lack chlorophyll which makes them red orange and yellow in colour (carotenoid pigments)
- chromoplasts may develop into chromosomes
15
Q
Mitochondria
A
- the powerhouse of the cell (uses cellular respiration to from energy)
- has two membranes (outer (relatively smooth) inner (folded to form cisternae)
- Cristae is the inner fold of the inner membrane which is where energy is produced and stored in the form of ATP
- the space between the cristae is the matrix which containes ribosomes and DNA
16
Q
Endoplasmic reticulum (either smooth or rough)
A
- rough has ribosomes
- smooth doesnt
- is the network of membranes running through the cytoplasm of every eukaryotic cell
- cannot be seen under a compound light microscope
- consists of flattened membrane called cisternae
17
Q
Golgi apparatus
A
- made up it numerous sets of flat curved membrane bound sacks called cisternae
- never covered with ribosomes
18
Q
plant cell vacuoles
A
- fluid filled membrane bound sacs in the cytoplasm as vacuoles
- can fill up 90% of the cell
- only true vacuoles are found in plant cells
