Digestive system

Question 1

organic nutrients

Answer 1

• made by living organisms mostly by plants and all most have the element carbon in it’s structure

Question 2

inorganic nutrients

Answer 2

are molecules found naturally on earth and with the exception of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide they don’t contain carbon

Question 3

organic nutrients examples

Answer 3

carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and fibre

Question 4

inorganic nutrients example

Answer 4

• water
• carbon dioxide
• carbon monoxide

Question 5

function of carbohydrates

Answer 5

produce energy

• plants create the energy from photosynthesis
• we eat animals which eat the plants

Question 6

function of proteins

Answer 6

1 - forms part of the structure of the cell membrane
2 - can be used got energy (not an initial source of energy)
3 - Vitamins that our bodies need are formed by proteins (anti-bodies)
4 - enzymes (that control chemical reactions) are made up of proteins

Question 7

functions of fats

Answer 7

• form main parts of our cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
• Protect our organs and keep them in place
• All steroids (like reproductive hormones) are fat based
• Fat soluble vitamins (like vitamin D) can’t be absorbed without fats

Question 8

water function

Answer 8

• keep our bodies cool through sweat
• all chemical reactions take place in water
• all mineral salts must be dissolved in water
• thins the blood to give it the ability to transport nutrients
• water is the most abundant substance in all living bodies

Question 9

fibre functions

Answer 9

• provides something for the walls to contact and digest
• the contraction of the walls moved the food and waste along the gut called peristalsis
• slows down the rate at which your body absorbs glucose (maintains you blood and glucose levels)
• provides nutrients for our microbiome
• prevents constipation

Question 10

Vitamin A function

Answer 10

protects the mucus membrane thus preventing allergies sunburn and blindness

Question 11

vitamin C

Answer 11

essential for our immune system and keeps our skin supple by keeping collagen (elastic skin fibres)

Question 12

Vitamin B

Answer 12

complex of vitamin and helps maintain our metabolism and essential for nervous function

Question 13

Vitamin D

Answer 13

import in our immune system and helps absorb calcium

Question 14

Vitamin K

Answer 14

needed to help regulate got blood clotting and keep in arteries and veins supple

Question 15

sodium (Na) function

Answer 15

needed for muscle contraction and nerve impulses

Question 16

Iron (Fe) function

Answer 16

refer to make the red pigment haemoglobin in our red blood cells it carries the oxygen to the cells that need it

Question 17

Calcium (Ca)

Answer 17

needed to build strong teeth and bone

Question 18

Iodine (I) function

Answer 18

needed by the thyroid glands to make the hormone thyroxin which regulates our metabolism

Question 19

magnesium (mg) function

Answer 19

edged to help muscles relax. thus preventing muscle cramps

Question 20

carbohydrate sources

Answer 20

starch - contained in bread potatoes and cereal

Question 21

proteins sources

Answer 21

meat - eggs - fish

Question 22

fat sources

Answer 22

butter cooking oil and cream

Question 23

fibre sources

Answer 23

fruit vegetables and cereal

Question 24

vitamin sources

Answer 24

in fruit vegetables and cereal

Question 25

mineral sources

Answer 25

meat milk salt and fish

Question 26

1 - ingestion

Answer 26

the physical process of you taking in and chewing food

Question 27

2 - Digestion (both)

Answer 27

Chemical and mechanical digestion

Question 28

Mechanical digestion

Answer 28

the physical process of breaking down good to make it easier to swallow

Question 29

chemical digestion

Answer 29

the chemical process of breaking down of said food

Question 30

salivary enzymes

Answer 30

a chemical that already starts to digest starch

Question 31

Assimilation

Answer 31

what you body actually does with the nutrients ie where it’s sent to what it’s use for

Question 32

egestion

Answer 32

the excretion of the indigestible stuff in the form of faeces

Question 33

salivary glands

Answer 33

- secrete saliva which: soften food into a bolus make swallowing easier contains the enzyme able to digest starch

Question 34

gall bladder function

Answer 34

stored the bike produced by the liver

Question 35

liver

Answer 35

- detoxifies all toxins - breaks down amino acids to form urea - coverts glucose to glycogen got storage if the blood sugar is too high - converts glycogen back to glucose when the blood sugar levels are too low

Question 36

stomach function

Answer 36

(acid pH) enzymes in gastric juice digest proteins (chemical digestion) muscle contractions grind down food (chyme - mechanical digestion)

Question 37

pancreas

Answer 37

secretes enzymes into the duodenum to digest food and insulin into the blood stream to control the levels of glucose in the blood

Question 38

oesophagus function

Answer 38

pushed food towards stomach by muscular contraction (peristalsis)

Question 39

bile duct

Answer 39

tube along which the bile is transported to the duodenum

Question 40

what does the large intestine consist of?

Answer 40

Colon Caecum Rectum Anus

Question 41

colon funtion

Answer 41

(alkaline pH) absorbs water minerals and vitamins forms faeces

Question 42

caecum

Answer 42

undigested remains from small intestine enter the large intestine

Question 43

rectum

Answer 43

stores faeces

Question 44

anus

Answer 44

where faeces passes out the body