Minerals and Vitamins

Question 1

mineral source of calcium

Answer 1

milk, dairy products, fish, leafy vegetables

Question 2

calcium deficiency effects

Answer 2

• rickets and osteoporosis

- ineffective clotting of blood

Question 3

potassium sources

Answer 3

fruit vegetables and grain

Question 4

potassium deficiency

Answer 4

• most important ion in cells

- lead to irregular heart beat

Question 5

sodium sources

Answer 5

table salt and many food types

Question 6

sodium deficiency

Answer 6

• most important positive ion in extra cellular fluids

- muscle cramps

Question 7

iodine sources

Answer 7

Sea food, iodised salt, vegetables grown in rich iodine soil

Question 8

iodine deficiency

Answer 8

• goitre (abnormally large thyroid gland)

- cretinism in children

Question 9

iron source

Answer 9

meat, fish, liver, nuts, egg yolk, legumes

Question 10

iron deficiency

Answer 10

• anaemia
• affects mental competence
• develops easy

Question 11

zinc sources

Answer 11

meat, fish, milk, yoghurt, grains, vegetables

Question 12

zinc deficiency

Answer 12

cognitive ability can be affected

Question 13

selenium sources

Answer 13

sea food, eggs, meat, garlic, mushrooms, whole grain

Question 14

selenium deficiency

Answer 14

• protects against cancer

- lead to problems with immune system

Question 15

Vitamin A (Retinol) source

Answer 15

Liver, milk yellow and green vegetables such as carrots and broccoli

Question 16

Vitamin A deficiency

Answer 16

Xerophthalmia (dryness of cornea)

night blindness

Question 17

vitamin D (calciferol) source

Answer 17

fish oil egg yolk butter margarine and milk

Question 18

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 18

Rickets (misshapen bones in children)
Osteomalacia (weak bones in adults)
osteoporosis

Question 19

Vitamin E sources

Answer 19

plant oils, nuts leafy vegetables

Question 20

vitamin E deficiency

Answer 20

Increased metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids causing a shortage when cell membranes have to be formed
damage to nervous system

Question 21

Vitamin K sources

Answer 21

provided by intestinal bacteria leafy vegetables and wheat germ

Question 22

vitamin K deficiency

Answer 22

clotting of blood hampered

Question 23

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) sources

Answer 23

citrus fruits strawberries tomatoes cabbage and leafy vegetables

Question 24

vitamin C deficiency

Answer 24

Scurvy (wounds heal slowly, scars weak and tear easily)
weak capillary vessels poor growth
healing of wounds slow

Question 25

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) sources

Answer 25

liver, yeast, whole grain, meat, leafy vegetables

Question 26

Vitamin B1 deficiency

Answer 26

Beriberi (weak cardiac muscles poor digestion and nervous conditions)
characterised by lack of energy weak muscles and amnesia

Question 27

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) sources

Answer 27

liver milk eggs chicken tuna leafy vegetables band wheat germ

Question 28

Vitamin B2 deficiency

Answer 28

Dermatitis

sores in corner of mouth

Question 29

Vitamin B3 (niacin) sources

Answer 29

meat, whole grain, legumes, leafy vegetables, liver, orange juice

Question 30

vitamin B3 deficiency

Answer 30

reactions in cells are blocked (which leads to damage in all tissues)
Pellagra (inflammation of tongue and mouth, diarrhoea dementia and pigmentation)