Functions of the Plant cell organelles

Question 1

partially or selectively permeable

Answer 1

the cell membrane contoured which substances may enter or leave the cell

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

• decided which types of protein are produced and when

- stores genetic information on the chromosomes and passes this to the daughter cell

Question 3

cytoskeleton

Answer 3

• maintains the shape of the cell (microtubules)
• anchors the organelle in specific areas
• let’s substances move in the cytoplasm
• can change the shape of the cell when necessary (actin)

Question 4

chromoplasts function

Answer 4

in plants - attract bees for pollination as the carotenoid pigments with their bright colors effect the petals therefor making it more attractive

in fruit - (indecation of ripeness) appeals to animals so it can be eater for seed germination it tends to give them a runny tummy to help speed up the process

Question 5

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

• transports the proteins made by ribosomes in their surface
• to contact with extra cellular environment
• increase the surface area of the cell
• protein synthesis
• synthesis of lipids

Question 6

golgi apparatus

Answer 6

• transport and secretion
• to chemically modify the materials inside it
• they process and arrange proteins
• form lysosomes

Question 7

centrioles

Answer 7

to control the spindle fibres of microtubules during cellular division

Question 8

difference between plant and animal cell

Answer 8

Plant cell -

1) Has plastids
2) has a cell wall
3) no centrioles
4) contains one large vacuole

Animal cell -

1) has no plastids
2) has no cell wall
3) has centrioles
4) no/few small vacuoles

Question 9

equation for photosynthesis

Answer 9

6Co2+6H2O = C6H12O6 +6O2

Question 10

equation for cellular respiration

Answer 10

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6Co2 + 6H2O + Energy

Question 11

cell membrane

Answer 11

• consists of a phospholipid bilayer in which protein molecules move in
• encloses cell contents
• is deferentially permeable
• forms part of cellular immunity system
• the membranes inside the cell are responsible for bringing parts of cell in contact with one another

Question 12

Cell membrane funtion

Answer 12

• lends support and is responsible for the shape of the cell and protects the call against mechanical injury

Question 13

Phagosomes (animal cell vacuole)

Answer 13

• food vacuoles
• found in small unicellular organisms
• food vacuoles fuse with lysosomes there for the digestion of food vacuoles contents take place

Question 14

contractile vacuoles

Answer 14

• found in unicellular organisms
• play a role in expression of excess water
• contacts rhythmically in order to move surface of cell in order to get rid of water

Question 15

lysosomes

Answer 15

• protect the cell against foreign substances and plays a role in intercellular digestion

Question 16

vacuoles

Answer 16

fluid filled cavity’s surrounded by a membrane (tonoplast)

liquid = cell sap

Question 17

chromoplast

Answer 17

• has no chlorophyll
• located in the cytoplasmic matrix
• found only in plant cells
• contain carotenoid pigments

Question 18

leucoplasts

Answer 18

• are colourless plastids found in the storage organs of plants

Question 19

amyloplasts

Answer 19

store starch

Question 20

protoplasts

Answer 20

store protein

Question 21

elaioplasts

Answer 21

store lipids/fats

Question 22

chloroplast

Answer 22

• surrounded by a double membrane
• space between them = inter membrane space
• located in the cytoplasmic ground
• contain chlorophyll a and b which traps light energy for photosynthesis