Pituitary and Hypothalamus Pathology Flashcards
when investigating for suspected hypopituitarism, insulin is given to induce hypoglycemia (stress) allowing you to assess what stress hormones released from the anterior pituitary?
- GH
- prolactin
- ACTH
hyperprolactinemia causes infertility in _____ (sex)
women;
causes elective impotence in men
the last hormone to be lost in the anterior pituitary is _____
ACTH
acromegaly/gigantism occurs due to GH excess before the epiphyseal fusion
gigantism
in normal individuals, as glucose levels ↑, then the GH levels ↑/ ↓
what would happen in patients with acromegaly?
↓; the GH levels would rise or stay the same
discuss the order in which hormone are lost in the anterior pituitary:
- GH → LH/FSH → TSH → ACTH
to diagnose acromegaly, measure the levels of __________
IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor 1) because the GH action on the liver to produce IGF-1 and levels of IGF-1 are more stable than GH
the anterior pituitary is formed from _________
evagination from the roof the pharynx
the hypophyseal portal veins arise from the primary capillary network of _________
superior hypophyseal arteries in the median eminence; this is how the anterior pituitary receives hormonal signal from the hypothalamus
hyper/hyponatremia is seen in SIADH
hyponatremia;
this is what causes the major symptoms such as as cerebral edema because the water will flow into the cells
people with acromegaly can present with diabetes because _______
GH antagonizes the action of insulin
the posterior pituitary is formed from the down-growth from the floor of the _______ ventricle of the brain
third
what are two hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary?
ADH and oxytocin
what is Sheehan’s syndrome?
infarction of the pituitary glad during pregnancy because during pregnancy it is enlarged and thus at ↑ risk for infarction
chronic inflammation of the islets of the pancreas is a feature of type ___ diabetes
type 1
