Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones Flashcards
pulsatile release of GnRH will cause _______
stimulates the release of LH and FSH (must be PULSATILE)_
sustained NONpulsatile GnRH release will _____ FSH and LH release
inhibit; (leads to hypogonadism)
______ (drug) is a diagnostic tool for differentiating between primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s) and secondary adrenal insufficiency (inadequate ACTH production)
corticotropin/cosyntropin
oxytocin acts on GPCR’s that stimulates the release of ______ and _____ that augment uterine contractions
prostaglandins and leukotrienes
menotropins are purified extract of FSH and LH from what type of women
post menopausal women
FSH/LH is important for spermatogenesis and the conversion of testosterone to estrogen
FSH
what are two clinical applications for the use of bromocriptine/cabergoline?
- both are dopamine agaonists
- treat hyperprolactinemia
- treat acromegaly
V__ subtype of the ADH receptor is found on the vascular smooth muscles and cause Vascoconstrictoin
V1
mecasermin is a ______ analog
IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor 1)
which of the dopamine agonists (bromocriptine and cabergoline) have the longer half life
cabergoline
vasopressin/desmopressin is given to treat esophageal farcical bleeding
vasopressin
what are some AE of gonadorelin?
GnRH receptor agonists
- generalized HS
- sudden pituitary apoplexy (bleeding into/impaired blood supply at pituitary gland) and blindness
which subtype of the ADH receptor is found on the renal tubules?
V2
vasopressin/desmopressin is given for the coagulopathy treatment of Hemophilia A and Vw disease
desmopressin;
Desmopressin also stimulates release of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells by acting on the V2 receptor.
which subtype of the receptor does desmopressin have the most effect?
V2; minimal V1 effects
oxytocin given via IM is used for _________
control of postpartum hemorrhage
hCG extracted form (choriogonadropin α) is taken from what type of women
pregnant
what type of drug is bromocriptine?
dopamine agonist
corticotropin and cosyntropin act on ______ receptor
MC2R which then ↑ cAMP (G coupled protein)
______ and ______ are GnRH receptor antagonists
cetrorelix and ganirelix
competitive antagonists
what are the two adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) analogs?
corticotropin and cosyntropin but they have limited utility has therapeutic agents
what drug is a GH receptor antagonist used to treat GH releasing tumors?
pegvisomant
the effects of GH (somatotropin) effects are mediated by _____
IGF-1
oxytocin give via ___ is used for initiation and augmentation of labor
IV
_______ (drug) is given for SIADH and hyponatremia
conivaptan; it has a high affinity for V1 and V2 receptors and is an ANTAGONIST at them
GnRH and analogs are more commonly used for the _______ of gonadotropin release
suppression
what are some clinical situations that you would use a GnRH analog for suppression
- uterine leiomyomata (fibroids)
- prostate cancer
- endometriosis
- thinning of endometrial lining
FSH/LH is a stimulus for the production of testosterone
LH
what is the drawback of continuous GnRH analogs for suppression?
it initially starts with with agonist response: “flare” and then get inhibitor actions after 1 week
GH meditates effects via cell surface receptors that activate the ________ signaling cascade
JAK/STAT (↑ gene expression of IGF-1)
what kind of drug is octreotdie?
analog of somatostatin
