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PCM Exam 4 > GI Infections 8 > Flashcards

GI Infections 8 Flashcards

1
Q

_________ replicates in the phagosome

A

salmonella

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2
Q

what are the antigens that can be found with Salmonella?

A 
O antigen (cell wall) 
H antigen (flagellar) 
Capsular Vi (virulence) antigen
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3
Q

________ is part of the commensal organisms of cows, cats, dogs (pets), etc

A

campylobacter

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4
Q

what are some complications of salmonella infection?

A
  • cardiovascular
  • CNS
  • pulmonary
  • reactive arthritis (also seen with shigella infection)
  • oesteomyelitis
  • hepatobiliary
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5
Q

GBS is a unilateral/bilateral ascending/descending paralysis and starts at the lower/upper extremities

A

GBS is a bilateral ascending paralysis that starts at nth slower extremities and is frequently preceded by mild respiratory or intestinal infection

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6
Q

salmonella invades the _______ and _____ after attaching to the SI epithelia

A

M cells of Peyer’s patches and enterocytes (PAI encoded)

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7
Q

travelers to ______, _____, or ______ are usually the only people that we see enteric fever in; what vaccines would you give them?

A

Asia, Mexico, or India

- oral live attenuated OR IM for Vi capsular polysaccharide antigen

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8
Q

what are the toxins produced by V. parahemotlyticus?

A
  • enterotoxin (watery diarrhea)

- hemolysin (later get bloody diarrhea)

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9
Q

recurrent salmonella _______ (one of the three clinical manifestations of salmonella) is considered an AIDS defining

A

septicemia

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10
Q

the antibodies raised against he LPS of campylobacter strains cross react with _________ leading to GBS

A

the GM1 gangliosides in the myelin sheath of the nerve

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11
Q

Yersinia enterocolytica infection is common in kids of age _______ and adults with exposure to ________

A

kids < 7 years old and adults where there are outbreaks in daycares

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12
Q

what are three types of vibrio vulnificus infections?

A
  • acute gastroenteritis from eating raw or uncooked shellfish
  • necrotizing wound infection can occur in injured skin exposed to contaminated water
  • invasive sepsis can occur after an immunocompromised person eating raw or undercooked shellfish
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13
Q

what are some risk factors for acquiring yersinia enterocolytica

A
  • contaminated food: raw/undercooked pork and beef, eggs, milk, raw seafood
  • contact with infected animals
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14
Q

sources of infection for NON cholera vibrio include ______

A

shellfish and seawater; (cholera vibrio source of infection include food and contaminated water)

NON cholera vibrio: virbrio parahemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus

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15
Q

of all the enterobacteriaceae, which 2 organisms are NON motile?

A

Klebsiella and Shigella
(all the rest are motile)

YES PECKSS
Yersinia
Escerichia
Serratia

Proteus 
Enterobacter 
Citrobacter
Klebsiella 
Shigella
Salmonella
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16
Q

salmonella is acid ______

A

labile; so when the pH of the stomach ↑ then the person is at risk for developing salmonella infection

shigella is acid stable

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17
Q

temperature can be selective for which inflammatory diarrhea causing organism?

A

campylobacter; no growth at 25C but can grow at 3C and 42-43C

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18
Q

a characteristic presentation of patients with NON cholera vibrio infection is _______

A

wound infection

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19
Q

in enteric fevers, _____ cultures are positive after the 1-2nd week and _____ cultures are positive from the 2nd week and onwards but negative before that

A

blood cultures is positive from 1-2nd week

stool cultures are positive from 2nd week and onwards

20
Q

vibrio species are grown on _______ agar and how would you differentiate between cholera and parahemolyticus and vulnificus?

A
  • TCBS agar and SUCROSE is the differentiating agent because cholera is it is the only one that is sucrose positive while the other two are not
21
Q

what is a feature that is unique to salmonella in differentiating it from shigella?

A

Salmonella is H2S positive

22
Q

describe the biology of campylobacter

A

gram NEGATIVE, comma/small spiral shaped rods
motile
microaerophilic so it requires oxygen and co2 to grow
DOES NOT FERMENT GLUCOSE

OXIDASE POSITIVE

23
Q

can MacConkey’s agar be used to differentiate between Salmonella and Shigella?

A

NO because both are lactose NON fermenters and that is what is MacConkey’s agar differentiates with

24
Q

describe the rash that is occasionally seen in typhoid fever

A

transient, macular rash (rose colored) on the trunk

25
Q

what are some biochemical features of yersinia

A
  • gram negative BIPOLAR staining coccobacili
  • ferments glucose and sucrose
  • catalase +
  • oxidase -
26
Q

contact with reptiles such as lizards, snakes, turtles or frogs has an increased risk for infection by _________

A

salmonella

27
Q

_______ metabolism is used to differentiate between cholera vibrio and non cholera vibrio

A

SUCROSE

v. cholera is sucrose positive

28
Q

is there an animal reservoir in enteric fever (typhoid/paratyphoid)

A

NO; (same with shigella)

29
Q

ingestion of raw/poorly cooked seafood is a common risk factor for infection by vibrio ________

A

parahemolyticus

30
Q

in diagnosing salmonellosis and the three different types, you would look at blood or stool cultures. When would you do one over the other?

stool cultures for _______ is infrequently positive so you would do a blood culture for that

A

stool cultures for septicemias are infrequently positive so do a blood culture for salmonella caused septicemia

31
Q

of the enterobacteriaceae, which ones are lactose fermenters?

A 
CEEK: 
Citrobacter
enterobacter
Escherichia 
Klebsiella
32
Q

cutluring on campylobacter selective media _______ agar and is oxidase ______ and catalase ______ is dialogistic of campylobacter

A

Skirrow agar; oxidase + and catalase +

33
Q

_________ is an associated complication of campylobacter infection due to ________

A

GBS due to antibodies raised against the LPS of campylobacter cross react with the GM1 gangliosides in the myelin sheet of the nerve leading to damage, loss of nerve conduction and paralysis

34
Q

secondary salmonella septicemia is due to ________ (organ)

A

secondary exposure to S. type in the gallbladder where they can replicate there for many years (gallbladder colonization)

35
Q

________ has bipolar staining when staining with ______ giving it a safety pin appearance

A

yersenia; wayson stain

36
Q

phagosome lysis is associated with _________

A

shigella

37
Q

what are the two types of typhoid vaccines?

A
  • oral live attenuated

- IM for Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine

38
Q

salmonellosis has 3 clinical manifestations:

A
  • gastroenteritis
  • septicemia/bacteremia
  • enteric (typhoid) fever
39
Q

the most common reservoir of yersinia enterocolytica is ________

A

pigs

40
Q

describe the biology of salmonella:

A

gram negative rod
motile
DOES NOT ferment lactose

41
Q

Salmonella is diagnosed by plating on ________ agar which is selective due to ______

A

MacConkey agar which selects for lactose fermenters so wit will have pale colonies

Salmonella (and Shigella is lactose NON fermenters)

42
Q

yersinia enterocolytica infection most commonly occurs in what part of the GI? What is the pathogenesis?
It mimics ________

A

terminal ileum (invasion of M cells and then invades further mesenteric lymph nodes) and has chromosomal ST enterotoxin which ↑ cGMP

mimics appendicitis

43
Q

vibrio vulnificus is commonly found in ________

A

Gulf of Mexico

44
Q

can you see muscle atrophy in GBS?

A

minimal atrophy because it progresses very quickly (hours to days) so no time for atrophy

45
Q

high mortality is associated in people with __________ and have been infected by vibrio vulnificus

A

underlying liver conditions

46
Q

________ cultures are better for diagnosis of salmonella caused enterocolitis

A

stool cultures; these are positive very soon after onset

PCM Exam 4 (44 decks)

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