Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCM Exam 4 > Gonadal Hormones > Flashcards

Gonadal Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

inhibin produced by the ovaries/testes inhibits ______

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

in females, LH acts on _____ cell and converts ____ to ____ via _____ (enzyme)

A

LH acts on the thecae called and ↑ desmolase which converts cholesterol to androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

androgens are converted into estrogen in ______ cells via _____ (enzyme) and the hormone that ↑ the activity of this enzyme is _____

A

granulosa cells; aromatase; aromatase activity ↑ by FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

LH in males ↑ desmolase activity in _____ cells

A

Leydig cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

desmolase in both males and females is stimulated by _____ (hormone) in the _____ or ____ cells

A

LH in theca (females) and Leydig (males) cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

FSH in males ↑ the activity of what enzyme?

A

androgen binding protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what occur in the Sertoli cells in male gonands due to FSH being secreted?

A

↑ the activity of ABP so you get more testoserone-ABP which ↓ the lipophilicity of the testosterone so that it stays within the seminiferous tubules so that spermatogenesis can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

testosterone binding to ABP makes the testosterone more/less lipophilic

A

less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

meatranol is a __________

A

pro drug that is converted to ethinyl estradiol (synthetic estrogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

estrogens ↑/ ↓ bone resorption

A

↓ (increases bone mass and thus is protective against osteoporosis and why it is more likely to get osteoporosis in menopause)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the effect of estrogen on lipids?

A

↑ HDL and ↓ LDL (good effects) but cannot be used to treat CVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the risk of giving estrogen to patients?

A

↑ risk for thromboembolic events due to

  1. ↑ hepatic production of factors 2, 7, 9, 10 and fibrinogen
  2. ↓ antithrombin III activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

estrogen ↑/ ↓ the activity of antithrombin III

A

↓

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the effects of estrogen on the vasculature?
NO production
prostacyclin production

A

↑ NO production

↑ prostacyclin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is estrogen metabolized?

A

conjugated by cytochrome enzymes in the liver and then excreted in the bile and hydrolyzed by intestinal bacterial and then reabsorbed as an active drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are some of the more moderate/severe AE of estrogens?

A
  • ↑ risk for endometrial cancer (offset risk by giving estrogen with progestin)
  • ↑ frequency of migraines
  • choelstatis/gallbladder isease
  • thromboembolism
  • depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the SERMs (selective estrogen receptor modulators)

A
  • tamoxifen
  • raloxifene
  • clomiphene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SERMs bind to ______

A

estrogen receptors and can have agonist or antagonist effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

________ is a SERM that can be used in the treatment of infertility associated with anovulatory cycles (try this before IVF)

A

clomiphene

20
Q

tamoxifen is a _____ (type of estrogen drug). what is its MOA and what is it used for?

A

SERM
- antagonist in breast tissue and against in non breast tissue (endometrium, liver, bone)

used in prevention AND treatment of hormone responsive breast cancer

21
Q

______ is a SERM used in the prevention of hormone responsive breast cancer

A

Raloxifene; (tamoxifen is used for prevention and treatment of hormone responsive breast cancer)

22
Q

raloxifene is used in the prevention and treatment of ________

A

osteoporosis in post menopausal women

acts as an agonist in bone (inhibits resorption)

23
Q

what is the MOA of clomiphene?

A

antagonist in the hypothalamus and thus inhibits the normal feedback inhibition

24
Q

_______ is a SERM used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in post menopausal women

A

raloxifene

25
Q

_______ is a SERM with a ↑ risk for endometrial cancer

A

tamoxifen because it is an agonist at the endometrial tissue

26
Q

and example of an SERD is _______

A

fulvestrant; causes estrogen receptors to be degraded and down regulated in all tissues

27
Q

a patient is found to have hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer. the first line treatment of ______ was not useful. What should be given next

A

first line: tamoxifen (SERM)

now give fulvestrant (SERD)

28
Q

what are the non steroidal aromatase inhibitors?

A
  • anastrozole
  • letrozole

they are competitive, reversible inhibitors

29
Q

what is the steroidal aromatase inhibitor?

A
  • exemestrane

irreversible inhibitor

30
Q

what are the main effects of progestins (4)

A
  • prevents endometrial hyperplasia by ↓ growth and ↑ vascularization of endometrium
  • thickening of cervical mucus which inhibits moment of sperm
  • associated with ↑ in body temp
  • maintenance of pregnancy
31
Q

which is associated with ↑ risk of endometrial cancer: tamoxifen or raloxifene

A

tamoxifen

32
Q

what are some of the major AE of progestins?

A
  • uterine bleeding (even though it is given to treat uterine bleeding)
  • weight gain
  • ↓ HDL levels (especially in androgens progestins)
  • thromboembolic events (extremely rare)
33
Q

_____ is an anti progestin

A

mifepristone which is a competitive inhibitor at the progesterone receptor and can be used in combination with misoprostol as an abortifacient

34
Q

what type of drug is danazol

A

androgen that also has anti estrogen activity

35
Q

what are 3 AE of using high dose testosterone

A
  • reduction in testicular size
  • hepatic abnormalities
  • ↑ aggression
36
Q

spironolactone is a ______ antagonist

A

androgen receptor antagonist

37
Q

what kind of drug is finasteride

A

5 α reductase inhibitor

38
Q

spironolactone and _______ are androgen receptor antagonists

A

flutamide

39
Q

ketoconazole inhibits ______

A

steroid synthesis

40
Q

flutamide is used for the treatment of ______

A

prostate carcinoma (it is a androgen receptor antagonist)

41
Q

_______ is one of the main treatments for BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) and also male pattern baldness

A

finasteride (5 α reductase inhibitor)

42
Q

what are some of the clinical uses of ketoconazole?

A
  • treat non operable Cushing’s syndrome and prostate cancer

non selective inhibitor of adrenal and gonadal steroid synthesis

43
Q

______ is the form of estrogen in post menopausal

A

estrone (E1)

44
Q

______ is the form of estrogen in reproductive years

A

estradiol (E2)

45
Q

______ is the form of estrogen in pregnancy

A

estriol (E3)

PCM Exam 4 (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions