Micro DLA: food borne Illness

Question 1

What are 3 bacterial agents involved in foodborne illness from pre formed toxins/chemicals

Answer 1

B. cereus, S. aureus and C. botulinum

Question 2

what are marine/algal agents the can cause foodborne illness from pre formed toxins

Answer 2

ciguatera, scombroid, shellfish and pufferfish

Question 3

______ food poisoning is associated with sliced meat, egg salad, mayonnaise and cream pastries

Answer 3

staph aureus

Question 4

a person complains of symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea and nausea after eating egg salad and mayonnaise at a BBQ. Describe the MOA of the enterotoxin

Answer 4

cause: staph aureus food poisoning
enterotoxin: water soluble, low mw proteins, ST (chromosomal toxin)

ST TOXIN

Question 5

botulinum toxin is a LT/ST toxin

Answer 5

LT (heat labile)

Question 6

what toxin is cleaved by bacterial proteases into the active form?

Answer 6

botulinum toxin

Question 7

________ toxin is associated with eating canned foods

Answer 7

botulinum toxin (Clostridium botulinum)

Question 8

spores of C. botulinum can be found on ________ (foods)

Answer 8

vegetables, fruits, and sea food

Question 9

baked potatoes is a source of ________ caused food poising

Answer 9

Clostridium botulinum

Question 10

botulism toxin causes ascending/descending paralysis by _________

Answer 10

descending paralysis because it binds to PREsynaptic recognition sites fo cholinergic nerve terminals and DECREASE the release of acetylcholine

Question 11

describe the CNS symptoms seen with botulism toxin

Answer 11

• cranial nerve palsies: double vision, blurred vision, drooping eye lids, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, weakness
• symmetric descending paralysis and respiratory failure/death

Question 12

how long does it take to see the effects of food borne botulism infection and what is the initial presentation

Answer 12

• 12-36 hours after ingestion
• starts with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth with sore throat

GI symptoms first then later get CNS symptoms

Question 13

ciguatoxin ______ voltage dependent sodium channels

Answer 13

activates

Question 14

a patient presents with a metallic taste in his mouth, painful urination and temperature related dyesthesia. This prevention is caused by eating ________ (type of food)

Answer 14

dinoflagellates (large predatory reef fish such as barracuda, black grouper, etc) aka ciguatera fish

Question 15

metallic taste in the mouth is associated with poisoning due to ______

Answer 15

either scromboid or ciguatera poisoning

Question 16

________ is a differentiating factor between ciguatera and scromboid poisoning seen on physical examination

Answer 16

cutaneous flushing/urticaria

ciguatera pouncing will NOT have urticaria but will have pruritus (itching) while scromboid poisoning will have cutaneous flushing of the face and neck with itching and perioral burning

Question 17

_______ poisoning manifested within 5 to 30 minute of eating contaminated fish or cheese

Answer 17

scromboid poisoning

Question 18

________ poisoning is associated with the ingestion fo contaminated Swiss cheese

Answer 18

scromboid poisoning

Question 19

describe the pathogenesis of scromboid poisoning

Answer 19

• improperly stored caught fish (mackerel) will cause bacterial growth in the fish which the converts histidine in the fish to histamine by bacterial enzymes leading to toxic levels of histamine

Question 20

_____ (toxin) is a neurotoxin from dinoflagellates that can cause temperature related dyskinesia

Answer 20

brevetoxin

Question 21

saxitoxin is a neurotoxin produced by ______

Answer 21

algae

Question 22

what is a typical presentation of saxitoxin poisoning?

Answer 22

paralytic: difficulty swallowing, tingling paraesthesia, paralysis

Question 23

saxitoxin and brevetoxin are associated with ingestion of ______

Answer 23

mollusks (mussels, clams)

Question 24

brevetoxin presents with _____

Answer 24

neurotoxic poisoning: temperature reversal, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc

Question 25

_____ (toxin) is associated with SE USA, Mexico, Caribbean and New Zealand regions

Answer 25

brevetoxin

Question 26

puffer fishing poisoning is associated with what two toxins?

Answer 26

• tetrodotoxin (neurotoxin produced by microorganisms associated with the fish and is conceited in liver, and skin of fish)
• saxitoxin (muscle)

Question 27

__________ is the primary toxin in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning

Answer 27

okadaic acid