DLA Male Genitourinary Path

Question 1

smooth, firm and nodular enlargement of the prostate gland is descriptive of what prostate pathology?

Answer 1

BPH

Question 2

BPH almost exclusively originates in ______ zone of the prostate

Answer 2

transitional

Question 3

what would you see on histology of BPH?

Answer 3

glandular proliferation with glands with crowded acini with mystically dialed lumen lined by two layers of: inner columnar and outer flat basal cells

Question 4

5 α reductase inhibitors such as______ are given to treat BPH

Answer 4

finasteride; only problems is that it can take weeks/months to take effect

Question 5

prostatic cancer arises in the _____ zone of the prostate

Answer 5

peripheral zone; this is far from the urethra so when urinary symptoms occur, it occurs late in the disease

Question 6

what would you feel on DRE on someone with prostate cancer?

Answer 6

• irregular enlargement of the prostate with multiple nodules that have gritty or hard consistency

Question 7

describe the lumen on histology of prostate cancer:

Answer 7

• single layer of neoplastic columnar cells WITHOUT outer basal cell layer

will see inner columnar and outer flat basal cells in BPH

Question 8

the fPSA (fractional free PSA) is proportionally _______ than total PSA in prostate cancer

Answer 8

LOWER

Question 9

cryptorchidism is __________

Answer 9

failure of descent of testes into he scrotal sac

Question 10

the first trans abdominal phase of the descent of the tests is controlled by ______ (hormone) and the second inguinal scrotal phase is controlled by_______ (hormone)

Answer 10

mullerian inhibiting substance; androgen

Question 11

cryptorchidism most commonly occurs on the ______ side (R/L) and descent commonly stops at ________

Answer 11

Right side most coney in the inguinal canal

Question 12

what are two complications of cryptorchidism?

Answer 12

• infertility (reduced chances by correcting before 2 years old)
• germ cell tumors (reduce chances by correcting before 5 years old)

Question 13

histological evidence of undescended testes shows _______ of the seminiferous tubules and predominance of _____ cells and _____ BM

Answer 13

atrophy of seminiferous tubules with relative predominance of interstitial Leydig cells with BM thickening
will see Sertoli cells but NO spermatogenesis

Question 14

the most common cause of testicular tumors in male over 60 years old is _____

Answer 14

lymphomas (DLBL)

Question 15

what is the most common type of testicular tumor in infants/children

Answer 15

teratoma and yolk sac tumors

Question 16

what is the most common testicular tumor in males 30-50 years old?

Answer 16

seminoma

mixed germ cell tumors is most common in 15-30 years old

Question 17

homogenous, grey-white lobulated surface with NO hemorrhage or necrosis is descriptive of seminoma/nonseminoma tumor of the testes

Answer 17

seminoma

Question 18

__________ is a germ cell tumor of the testes that is characterized by the presence of hemorrhage and necrosis on a gross image

Answer 18

embryonal carcinoma; aggressive tumor that affects males age 20-30

Question 19

of the testicular tumors _______ has the best prognosis

Answer 19

seminomas

Question 20

what are 3 pre malignant lesions over the penis?

Answer 20

• Bowen’s disease
• Erythroplasia of Queyrat
• Bowenoid papulosis

Question 21

Bowen’s disease presents as ________ (description of lesion) on the _______ of the penis

Answer 21

SINGLE plaque (leukoplakia)on shaft of the penis

Question 22

Bowen’s disease and Erythroplasia of Queyrat both can progressive to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis but only ______ is associated with visceral malignancies

Answer 22

Bowen’s disease

Question 23

Where on the penis does erythroplasia of Queryat occur?

Answer 23

• mucosal surface of the glans and prepuce; red patch, shiny plaque

Question 24

bowenoid papulosis does/does not progressive to SCC of pensi

Answer 24

does NOT; it is described as a premalignant epidermal dysplasia that is considered a transitional state between genital warts and SCC in situ

Question 25

__________ s a condition caused by failure of the urethral folds to fuse completely, which leads to an external urethral orifice open on the _______ surface of the penis

Answer 25

Hypospadias; ventral

Question 26

________ is a condition caused by faulty positioning of the genital tubercle

Answer 26

epispadias (associated with Extrophy of the bladder)

Question 27

what are some etiological factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?

Answer 27

• caringogens in smegma
• HPV 16,18 (high risk)
• smoking
• Bowen’s disease