DLA Male Genitourinary Path Flashcards
smooth, firm and nodular enlargement of the prostate gland is descriptive of what prostate pathology?
BPH
BPH almost exclusively originates in ______ zone of the prostate
transitional
what would you see on histology of BPH?
glandular proliferation with glands with crowded acini with mystically dialed lumen lined by two layers of: inner columnar and outer flat basal cells
5 α reductase inhibitors such as______ are given to treat BPH
finasteride; only problems is that it can take weeks/months to take effect
prostatic cancer arises in the _____ zone of the prostate
peripheral zone; this is far from the urethra so when urinary symptoms occur, it occurs late in the disease
what would you feel on DRE on someone with prostate cancer?
- irregular enlargement of the prostate with multiple nodules that have gritty or hard consistency
describe the lumen on histology of prostate cancer:
- single layer of neoplastic columnar cells WITHOUT outer basal cell layer
will see inner columnar and outer flat basal cells in BPH
the fPSA (fractional free PSA) is proportionally _______ than total PSA in prostate cancer
LOWER
cryptorchidism is __________
failure of descent of testes into he scrotal sac
the first trans abdominal phase of the descent of the tests is controlled by ______ (hormone) and the second inguinal scrotal phase is controlled by_______ (hormone)
mullerian inhibiting substance; androgen
cryptorchidism most commonly occurs on the ______ side (R/L) and descent commonly stops at ________
Right side most coney in the inguinal canal
what are two complications of cryptorchidism?
- infertility (reduced chances by correcting before 2 years old)
- germ cell tumors (reduce chances by correcting before 5 years old)
histological evidence of undescended testes shows _______ of the seminiferous tubules and predominance of _____ cells and _____ BM
atrophy of seminiferous tubules with relative predominance of interstitial Leydig cells with BM thickening
will see Sertoli cells but NO spermatogenesis
the most common cause of testicular tumors in male over 60 years old is _____
lymphomas (DLBL)
what is the most common type of testicular tumor in infants/children
teratoma and yolk sac tumors
what is the most common testicular tumor in males 30-50 years old?
seminoma
mixed germ cell tumors is most common in 15-30 years old
homogenous, grey-white lobulated surface with NO hemorrhage or necrosis is descriptive of seminoma/nonseminoma tumor of the testes
seminoma
__________ is a germ cell tumor of the testes that is characterized by the presence of hemorrhage and necrosis on a gross image
embryonal carcinoma; aggressive tumor that affects males age 20-30
of the testicular tumors _______ has the best prognosis
seminomas
what are 3 pre malignant lesions over the penis?
- Bowen’s disease
- Erythroplasia of Queyrat
- Bowenoid papulosis
Bowen’s disease presents as ________ (description of lesion) on the _______ of the penis
SINGLE plaque (leukoplakia)on shaft of the penis
Bowen’s disease and Erythroplasia of Queyrat both can progressive to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis but only ______ is associated with visceral malignancies
Bowen’s disease
Where on the penis does erythroplasia of Queryat occur?
- mucosal surface of the glans and prepuce; red patch, shiny plaque
bowenoid papulosis does/does not progressive to SCC of pensi
does NOT; it is described as a premalignant epidermal dysplasia that is considered a transitional state between genital warts and SCC in situ
__________ s a condition caused by failure of the urethral folds to fuse completely, which leads to an external urethral orifice open on the _______ surface of the penis
Hypospadias; ventral
________ is a condition caused by faulty positioning of the genital tubercle
epispadias (associated with Extrophy of the bladder)
what are some etiological factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?
- caringogens in smegma
- HPV 16,18 (high risk)
- smoking
- Bowen’s disease
