GI Infections 3 Flashcards
what are three protective mechanisms in the esophagus?
- saliva
- cell mediated immunity
- esophageal motility
_____ is a key virulence factor of H. Pylori that allows it to live in the acid environment of the stomach
urease
describe the lesions caused by CMV
flat (ovoid, elongated or diamond shaped) ulcers; typically single in number
HSV is part of the herpesviridae family. Describe the biology and what other viruses can be found in this family
- large enveloped dsDNA virus
- they can all establish a latent infection in the neurons
- cell mediated immunity is important for controlling the infection
- ## CMV, Varicella Zoster
bactericides fragilis is common pathogen involved in _____
appendicitis
candida causing esophagitis is associated with ______
immunosuppressed patients
a baby that is delivered vaginally has a higher proportion of _______ species that is what resembles the mother’s vaginal flora
lactobacillus
food borne illness (food poisoning) can be caused by ingestion of:
contaminated food/water containing: infectious agents and/or preformed toxins
HSV 1 can travel to the esophagus via the _____ nerve
vagus
a patient with pain on swelling, (odynophagia), nausea, vomiting and has multiple, small discrete superficial ulcers in the esophagus on endoscopy is indicative of what causal organism
HSV: MULTIPLE small discrete superficial ulcers
HSV 1/2 is associated with genital lesions
HSV 2
HSV 1 = esophagitis
what are three microorganisms that you can find in the stomach?
- candida
- H pylori
- peptostreptococcus
when grown on media, describe the color change when growing H. Pylori
it will ↑ the pH: yellow → PINK
PINK COLORED media = postive for H. Pylori because becomes pINK when ph is INKreased
why is carbon urea breath test usually better than serology?
serology is cheaper but it only indicates PREVIOUS exposure but carbon urea breathe test detects CURRENT ACTIVE infection
HSV and CMV esophagitis is commonly seen in _____ and _____ patients
AIDS and transplant patients because they have ↓ cell mediated immunity → Reactivation of latent virus
CMV establishes latent infections in _______
monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes
patient with dysphagia, chest pain, nausea and vomiting shows flat ulcers on esophagus during endoscopy. what is the most likely causal pathogen?
CMV
most common pathogens involved in appendicitis are _____, ____ , _____ and _____
E. coli, peptostreptococci, B. fragilis, Pseudomonas
what are the common infectious causes of esophagitis
- candida
- CMV
- HSV
pain that can awaken the patient at night and is relived by food/antacids are signs of _____ ulcers
duodenal
virulence factors associated with H. Pylori:
- urease
- flagella
- Cag A strains: ↑ risk of ulcers and cancer and causes signaling alternations → impacts host cell physiology
- VacA (vacuolating toxin): causes swelling and mitochondrial death
a baby delivered via C section will have ↑ _______ flora
skin: ↑ Staph, corynebacterium, propionibacterium
H. Pylori is: gram \_\_\_\_ catalase \_\_\_\_ urease \_\_\_\_\_\_ motile/nonmotile
gram negative, catalase positive, urease positive and motile (multiple polar flagella)
- LPS is relatively NON toxic so it is persistent
what are some risk factors of candida caused esophagitis?
- organ transplant
- alcoholism
- diabetes
11.2% HIV patients
what are some risk factors for infectious esophagitis?
- cancer chemotherapy
- transplantation
- HIV
- diabetes
all of these things suppress the person’s immune system
what is the function of urease? how can this be used in diagnosis?
urease coverts urea and water to ammonia and carbon dioxide
carbon urea breast test helps detect current active infection
pancreatitis is rarely caused by infectious pathogens; what are they? (3)
- CMV
- coxsackievirus B
- mumps
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is commonly seen in ________ (type of patients) and the most likely pathogens are : _____, ____ or _____
patients with alcoholic cirrhosis
E. coli > non strep pneumoniae > Klebsiella pneumoniae
