Pitot Static System and Weather Flashcards by Matthew Fust

What is atmospheric pressure?

The force exerted by the weight of a column of air

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What is standard sea level pressure in inches of mercury?

29.92

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What is standard sea level temperature in degrees Celsius?

15° C

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A change in 1 inch of mercury pressure is equal to approximately ____________________________ feet of altitude.

2°C/1,000’

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What is the standard temperature lapse rate with altitude?

1,000

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Define impact pressure.

Static pressure plus dynamic pressure

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Define static pressure.

Ambient pressure

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Which instruments depend on static pressure only?

VSI, altimeter

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Which instrument depends on both impact (dynamic) and static pressure?

Airspeed indicator

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What pressures affect the pitot static system?

Dynamic and Static

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Name and define the three types of airspeed.

a. Indicated—read from the dial on the face of the instrument
b. Calibrated–IAS corrected for instrument and position error
c. True–CAS corrected for density error

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Name and explain the three errors in the airspeed indicator.

a. Installation Error - Misalignment of the Pitot tube with the relative wind and position of the static vents
b. Density Error - Caused by pressure and temperature changes, air less dense as altitude increases
c. Instrument Error - Caused by friction in the instrument

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Is the vertical speed indicator (VSI) a pressure differential measuring instrument?

Yes

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What does the setting knob on the altimeter change when it is turned?

Kollsman setting and position of the needles

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A change of .15 inch of mercury pressure is equal to _____ feet.

150

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Define each of the following.

Indicated altitude-

True altitude-

Pressure altitude-

Absolute altitude

a. Altimeter indication
b. Altitude above MSL
c. Altitude above the standard datum plane (29.92” Hg)
d. Altitude above the terrain

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Define altimeter setting.

Station pressure corrected to MSL

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Why is an altimeter setting necessary?

To correct for pressure changes

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What is the maximum allowable error in the altimeter?

Plus or minus 75’ (FAA), aviators should check operator or maintenance manual to confirm accurate limit for their aircraft.

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When flying into an area of lower pressure without resetting the altimeter, would your true altitude be higher or lower than your indicated altitude?

Lower

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When flying into an area of higher pressure without resetting the altimeter, would your true altitude be higher or lower than your indicated altitude?

Higher

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If you depart a base with an altimeter setting of 29.82 and an hour later receive a new altimeter setting of 30.22, how much higher or lower than indicate altitude would true altitude be prior to adjusting the altimeter to the new setting?

400’ Higher than indicated altitude

At the last reporting point, you corrected the altimeter by setting the Kollsman scale on 29.92” Hg. Prior to landing, you received a new setting of 29.80. What is your true altitude in relation to indicated altitude (before you reset the altimeter)?

120’ feet lower than indicated altitude

When flying into an area of colder than standard temperature, would the indicated altitude will be more or less than true altitude?

In a thru e below, is true altitude higher, lower, or the same as indicated altitude? (NOTE: The standard temperature must be computed for each altitude first.) Indicated Altitude Standard Temp Free-air Temp True Altitude 6,000 ____________ 3°C ____________ 10,000 ____________ -35°C ____________ 8,500 ____________ 10°C ____________ 2,000 ____________ 0°C ____________ 11,000 ____________ -7°C ____________

Standard Temp True Altitude a. 3°C Same b. -5°C Lower c. -2°C Higher d. 11°C Lower e. -7°C Same

In a thru e below, is density altitude higher, lower, or the same as pressure altitude? (NOTE: The standard temperature must be computed for each altitude.) Pressure Altitude Standard Temp Free-air Temp Density Altitude 7,000 ____________ 15°C _____________ 9,000 ____________ -18°C _____________ 5,500 ____________ 4°C _____________ 3,000 ____________ -9°C _____________ 12,000 ____________ -9°C _____________

Standard Temp Density Altitude a. 1°C Higher b. -3°C Lower c. 4°C Same d. 9°C Lower e. -9°C Same

The _____________________________________________ (instrument) stops functioning properly due to pitot icing.

Airspeed Indicator

What is the recommended corrective action when the static system is clogged?

Switch to an alternate source.

High DA and low air density mean nearly the same thing. (True or False)?

True

What causes density error?

Nonstandard pressure and temperature.

Define true airspeed?

Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) corrected for density error.

Pressure High Temperature Low Humidity Low

More favorable for flight More lift production Increasing density Low density altitude

Pressure Low Temperature High Humidity High

Less favorable for flight Less lift produced Decreases overall density High density altitude

How many instruments use pressure?

All three altimeter, vertical speed indicator VSI), and Airspeed

How many instruments use static pressure only?

2 altimeter, VSI

How many instruments use dual pressure?

1 Airspeed

How many instruments fail on a static pressure dump?

all three

How many instruments fail with a pitot tube blockage?

1 airspeed

What are the reportable ceilings for the FAA?

Broken and Overcast

9999

7 SM or greater

NSW

No significant weather

100857Z | RMK TSB18E50

Thunderstorms begin at 0818Z | Thunderstorms end at 0850Z

P6SM

Indicates visibility is 7 SM or greater (civilian TAFs only)

Indicates the sky condition and is the only cloud type shown on TAF. ex: OVC020CB

Light = Moderate = Heavy =

Light = - Moderate = No sign Heavy = +

``` Precipitation DZ – RA – SN – SG – IC – PL – GR – GS – UP – ```

``` DZ – drizzle RA – rain SN – snow SG – snow grains (< ¼” diameter) IC – ice crystals PL – ice pellets GR – hail (>= ¼” diameter) GS – small hail (< ¼” diameter) UP – unknown precipitation ```

``` Proximity On Station (OS) – ``` Vicinity (VC) – Distant (DSNT) –

On Station (OS) – within 5 SM of point of observation Vicinity (VC) – between 5-10 SM of point of observation Distant (DSNT) – beyond 10 SM of point of observation

``` Obscurations FG – BR – FU – VA – DU – SA – HZ – PY – ```

``` FG – Fog (vis <5/8 SM) BR – Mist (vis >5/8 SM) FU – Smoke VA – Volcanic Ash DU – Dust SA – Sand HZ – Haze PY – Spray ```

``` Descriptors MI – PR – BC – DR – BL – SH – TS – FZ – ```

``` MI – Shallow PR – Partial BC – Patches DR – Low Drifting BL – Blowing SH – Showers TS – Thunderstorms FZ – Freezing ```

If the sky is totally obscured, the ____ will be the ceiling.

If the sky is totally obscured, the vertical visibility will be the ceiling.

What are the three components of atmosphere density?

Temperature, pressure, and humidity

Two layers of ceilings?

Few and scattered

Lightning reporting

IC - in cloud CC- cloud to cloud CG - cloud to ground

SLP conversion 0-4= 5-9=

0-4= place 10 in front 5-9= place 9 in front