Emergency Procedures Flashcards
Autorotation
Procedure
1.
2.
NOTE Maximum range airspeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 KIAS
Minimum rate-of-descent airspeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 KIAS
3.
AT APPROXIMATELY 100 FT AGL:
4. Flare attitude – Establish (approx. 15_ to 20) to
reduce forward speed and rate
of descent; control NRO
AT APPROXIMATELY 8 – 12 FT AGL:
5. Flare attitude – Reduce to approx 7
6. Heading – Maintain
7. Collective lever – Raise to stop descent and
cushion landing
8.
NOTE The appropriate values must be adjusted according to prevailing conditions of
gross mass, wind and terrain.
Autorotation
Procedure
1. Collective lever – Reduce to maintain NRO within limits
2. Airspeed – 75 KIAS recommended
NOTE Maximum range airspeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 KIAS
Minimum rate-of-descent airspeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 KIAS
3. Double engine emergency shutdown – Perform
AT APPROXIMATELY 100 FT AGL:
4. Flare attitude – Establish (approx. 15_ to 20) to reduce forward speed and rate of descent; control NRO
AT APPROXIMATELY 8 – 12 FT AGL:
5. Flare attitude – Reduce to approx 7
6. Heading – Maintain
7. Collective lever – Raise to stop descent and cushion landing
8. BAT MSTR sw – OFF
NOTE The appropriate values must be adjusted according to prevailing conditions of
gross mass, wind and terrain.
Single engine failure - hover IGE
Procedure 1. 2. 3. After landing: 4. 5.
Procedure
1. Collective lever – Adjust to OEI limits or below
2. Landing attitude – Establish
3. Collective lever – Raise as necessary to stop
descent and cushion landing
After landing:
4. Affected engine – Identify
5. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform
Basic Rules
1.
2.
3.
- Maintain aircraft control
- Analyse the situation
- Take proper action
Memory items
Emergency procedure steps which shall be performed immediately without reference
to either this manual or the pilot’s checklist are written in boldface letters on
a gray background (as shown here) and shall be committed to memory.
LAND IMMEDIATELY
The urgency of landing is paramount. Primary consideration is to assure survival of the
occupants. Landing in water, trees or other unsafe areas should be considered only as a last
resort.
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Land without delay at the nearest adequate site (i.e. open field) at which a safe approach and landing can be made.
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
The landing site and duration of flight are at the discretion of the pilot. Extended flight beyond the nearest approved landing area where appropriate assistance can be expected is not
recommended.
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
BAT TEMP
Conditions/Indications Battery overtemperature (above 70 _C) – Warning gong will be activated Procedure ON GROUND 1. 2. Engines – Shut down
CAUTION BATTERY MUST BE INSPECTED OR REPLACED PRIOR TO NEXT
FLIGHT.
IN FLIGHT
– Single pilot operation:
1.
2.
3. Engine shutdown – Perform
4. Visual inspection of battery – Perform
If visual inspection reveals no indication of battery overheating:
5. Start-up procedure – Perform
6. BAT MSTR sw – OFF
NOTE Continue flight in VMC only. On CAD the BAT DISCON caution will appear.
7. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
– Dual pilot operation:
1.
2.
3. Pilot remaining on seat – “Hands on”
4. Engines – Leave running in IDLE
5. Visual inspection of battery – Perform
NOTE Continue flight (VMC) only if visual inspection reveals no indication of battery
overheating. Leave battery OFF or disconnect battery. On CAD the BAT
DISCON caution will appear.
6. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
CAUTION BATTERY MUST BE INSPECTED OR REPLACED PRIOR TO NEXT
FLIGHT.
Conditions/Indications Battery overtemperature (above 70 _C) – Warning gong will be activated Procedure ON GROUND 1. BAT MSTR sw – OFF 2. Engines – Shut down CAUTION BATTERY MUST BE INSPECTED OR REPLACED PRIOR TO NEXT FLIGHT.
IN FLIGHT
– Single pilot operation:
1. BAT MSTR sw – OFF
2. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
3. Engine shutdown – Perform
4. Visual inspection of battery – Perform
If visual inspection reveals no indication of battery overheating:
5. Start-up procedure – Perform
6. BAT MSTR sw – OFF
NOTE Continue flight in VMC only. On CAD the BAT DISCON caution will appear.
7. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
– Dual pilot operation:
1. BAT MSTR sw – OFF
2. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
3. Pilot remaining on seat – “Hands on”
4. Engines – Leave running in IDLE
5. Visual inspection of battery – Perform
NOTE Continue flight (VMC) only if visual inspection reveals no indication of battery
overheating. Leave battery OFF or disconnect battery. On CAD the BAT
DISCON caution will appear.
6. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
CAUTION BATTERY MUST BE INSPECTED OR REPLACED PRIOR TO NEXT
FLIGHT.
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
ENG 1 FAIL or ENG 2 FAIL
Conditions/Indications
– Respective N1-RPM below threshold value.
Procedure
- LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
ENG 1 FAIL or ENG 2 FAIL
Conditions/Indications
– Respective N1-RPM below threshold value.
Procedure
- OEI flight condition – Establish
- Affected engine – Identify
- Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform
- LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
FIRE (ENGINE 1) or FIRE (ENGINE 2)
Conditions/Indications
Overtemperature in engine compartment
– Warning bell will be activated
Procedure
ON GROUND
1.
NOTE Affected engine will shut down automatically, ACTIVE indicatior light, BOT 1
legend (both EMER OFF SW pnl), and F VALVE CL caution indication (CAD)
come on. FIRE legend remains on as long as overheat condition exists.
2.
3.
NOTE Extinguisher bottle will begin discharging when N1t 50%. After discharge of
bottle contents, BOT 1 legend and EXT indicatior light go off; BOT 2pb legend
comes on.
- Passengers – Alert/Evacuate
If situation permits and FIRE warning is still on after 1 minute:
- BAT MSTR sw – OFF
IN FLIGHT
1.
2.
3.
NOTE Affected engine will shut down automatically, ACTIVE indicatior light, BOT 1
legend (both EMER OFF SW pnl), and F VALVE CL caution indication (CAD)
come on. FIRE legend remains on as long as overheat condition exists.
NOTE Extinguisher bottle will begin discharging when N1t 50%. After discharge of
bottle contents, BOT 1 legend and EXT indicatior light go off; BOT 2pb legend
comes on.
- Passengers – Alert
If FIRE warning is still on after 1 minute:
10.
If FIRE warning remains on:
11.
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
FIRE (ENGINE 1) or FIRE (ENGINE 2)
Conditions/Indications
Overtemperature in engine compartment
– Warning bell will be activated
Procedure
ON GROUND
1. FIRE sw (affected engine) – Raise guard, press
NOTE Affected engine will shut down automatically, ACTIVE indicatior light, BOT 1
legend (both EMER OFF SW pnl), and F VALVE CL caution indication (CAD)
come on. FIRE legend remains on as long as overheat condition exists.
2. Both FUEL PRIME PUMPS – Check OFF
3. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb – Press; bottle 1 activated;
– EXT indicator light comes on
(EMER OFF SW pnl)
NOTE Extinguisher bottle will begin discharging when N1t 50%. After discharge of
bottle contents, BOT 1 legend and EXT indicatior light go off; BOT 2pb legend
comes on.
- Clock stop watch – Start (after BOT 1 legend and EXT indicator light go off (EMER OFF SW pnl)
- Double engine emergency shutdown – Perform
- Passengers – Alert/Evacuate
If situation permits and FIRE warning is still on after 1 minute:
7. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb – Press; bottle 2 activated;
– EXT indicator light comes on
(EMER OFF SW pnl)
8. BAT MSTR sw – OFF
IN FLIGHT 1. OEI flight condition – Establish 2. Airspeed – Reduce if IAS is exceeding 100 kts 3. FIRE sw (affected engine) – Raise guard, press
NOTE Affected engine will shut down automatically, ACTIVE indicatior light, BOT 1
legend (both EMER OFF SW pnl), and F VALVE CL caution indication (CAD)
come on. FIRE legend remains on as long as overheat condition exists.
- BOT 1/BOT 2 pb – Press; bottle 1 activated;
– EXT indicator light comes on (EMER OFF SW pnl)
NOTE Extinguisher bottle will begin discharging when N1t 50%. After discharge of
bottle contents, BOT 1 legend and EXT indicatior light go off; BOT 2pb legend
comes on.
- Clock stop watch – Start (after BOT 1 legend and EXT indicator light go off
(EMER OFF SW pnl) - Affected engine – Identify
- Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform
- Passengers – Alert
- LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
If FIRE warning is still on after 1 minute:
10. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb – Press; bottle 2 activated;
– EXT indicator light comes on
(EMER OFF SW pnl)
If FIRE warning remains on:
11. LAND IMMEDIATELY
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
LOW FUEL 1 and/or LOW FUEL 2
Conditions/Indications
– Respective supply tank fuel quantity below 24 kg
– Warning gong will be activated
Procedure
1. Fuel quantity indication – Check
If positive fuel indication in the main tank:
2. Both fuel pump XFER sw (Fwd + Aft) – Check ON
3. Both fuel pump XFER circuit breakers (Fwd + Aft) – Check in
If both FUEL LOW warning lights remain on:
4.
If one FUEL LOW warning light remains on:
4.
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
LOW FUEL 1 and/or LOW FUEL 2
Conditions/Indications
– Respective supply tank fuel quantity below 24 kg
– Warning gong will be activated
Procedure
1. Fuel quantity indication – Check
If positive fuel indication in the main tank:
2. Both fuel pump XFER sw (Fwd + Aft) – Check ON
3. Both fuel pump XFER circuit breakers (Fwd + Aft) – Check in
If both FUEL LOW warning lights remain on:
4. LAND WITHIN 10 MINUTES
If one FUEL LOW warning light remains on:
4. Expect single engine failure
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
ROTOR RPM
Conditions/Indications NRO low – NRO 95% or less - steady light – Audio signal - low–pitch beeping tone NRO high – NRO 106% or above - flashing light and warning gong – Audio signal at 110% or above - flashing light and steady high–pitch tone Procedure NRO low/NRO high 1. Rotor RPM indicator – Check 2.
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
ROTOR RPM
Conditions/Indications NRO low – NRO 95% or less - steady light – Audio signal - low–pitch beeping tone NRO high – NRO 106% or above - flashing light and warning gong – Audio signal at 110% or above - flashing light and steady high–pitch tone Procedure NRO low/NRO high 1. Rotor RPM indicator – Check 2. Collective lever – Adjust as necessary to maintain NRO within normal range
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
XMSN OIL PRESS
Conditions/Indications
XMSN oil pressure is below minimum
– Transmission oil pressure indication 1 bar or less
– Warning gong will be activated
NOTE XMSN OIL PRESS warning light may come on momentarily during extreme side
slip, sidewards flight, crosswind hover or slope operations.
Procedure If one XMSN oil pressure indication is below 1.0 bar: 1. 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If both indications are below 1.0 bar: 3. NOTE Descend with minimum power
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
XMSN OIL PRESS
Conditions/Indications
XMSN oil pressure is below minimum
– Transmission oil pressure indication 1 bar or less
– Warning gong will be activated
NOTE XMSN OIL PRESS warning light may come on momentarily during extreme side
slip, sidewards flight, crosswind hover or slope operations.
Procedure If one XMSN oil pressure indication is below 1.0 bar: 1. Power – Reduce 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If both indications are below 1.0 bar: 3. LAND IMMEDIATELY NOTE Descend with minimum power
CAUTION INDICATIONS ENG CHIP (SYSTEM 1) or ENG CHIP (SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications
Metal particles detected in engine oil.
Procedure ON GROUND 1. 2. IN FLIGHT 1. 2. 1. Alternative: 3. 2. Alternative: 3.
CAUTION THE SECOND ALTERNATIVE ENABLES THE CREW TO USE THE AFFECTED
ENGINE FOR LANDING IF NECESSARY. BE PREPARED FOR
ENGINE FAILURE. MONITOR N1, TOT, TORQUE, OIL PRESSURE AND
TEMPERATURE OF AFFECTED ENGINE CLOSELY. IF THE PARAMETERS
FLUCTUATE OR THEIR LIMITS ARE EXCEEDED PERFORM
CAUTION INDICATIONS ENG CHIP (SYSTEM 1) or ENG CHIP (SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications
Metal particles detected in engine oil.
Procedure
ON GROUND
1. Affected engine – Identify
2. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform
IN FLIGHT
1. OEI flight condition – Establish
2. Affected engine – Identify
1. Alternative:
3. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform
2. Alternative:
3. Twist grip (affected engine) – Rotate slowly to IDLE, check
indications
CAUTION THE SECOND ALTERNATIVE ENABLES THE CREW TO USE THE AFFECTED
ENGINE FOR LANDING IF NECESSARY. BE PREPARED FOR
ENGINE FAILURE. MONITOR N1, TOT, TORQUE, OIL PRESSURE AND
TEMPERATURE OF AFFECTED ENGINE CLOSELY. IF THE PARAMETERS
FLUCTUATE OR THEIR LIMITS ARE EXCEEDED PERFORM
SINGLE ENGINE EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATELY.
4. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Single engine failure - flight
Conditions/Indications – Slight jerk in the yaw axis, nose left – Possible change in noise level Affected engine: – ENG FAIL warning light and warning gong on – ENG SPLIT caution indication – ENG OIL P caution indication – FUEL PRESS caution indication – GEN DISCON caution indication – OVSP FAIL caution indication – VAR NR caution indication – NORM/MAN pb (main switch panel) MAN legend comes on (yellow) – Instruments indicate power loss
NOTE The VAR NR system will revert to the manual mode automatically.
Procedure
- 5.
Single engine failure - flight
Conditions/Indications – Slight jerk in the yaw axis, nose left – Possible change in noise level Affected engine: – ENG FAIL warning light and warning gong on – ENG SPLIT caution indication – ENG OIL P caution indication – FUEL PRESS caution indication – GEN DISCON caution indication – OVSP FAIL caution indication – VAR NR caution indication – NORM/MAN pb (main switch panel) MAN legend comes on (yellow) – Instruments indicate power loss
NOTE The VAR NR system will revert to the manual mode automatically.
Procedure
- OEI flight condition – Establish
- Rotor speed – Trim to maximum
- Affected engine – Identify
- Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform
- LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Engine underspeed – governor failure
Conditions/Indications – ROTOR RPM warning light may come on – VAR NR caution indication may come on – ENG SPLIT caution indications may come on Affected engine: – Torque, N1 and TOT decrease – N2 may decrease Normal engine: – NRO and N2 may decrease
Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. If torque match is not possible: 6. 7. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If no residual torque (affected engine) is available: 8.
Engine underspeed – governor failure
Conditions/Indications – ROTOR RPM warning light may come on – VAR NR caution indication may come on – ENG SPLIT caution indications may come on Affected engine: – Torque, N1 and TOT decrease – N2 may decrease Normal engine: – NRO and N2 may decrease
Procedure
1. OEI flight condition – Establish
2. Bleed air consumers – Off
3. VAR NR system NORM/MAN pb – Check MAN
4. Affected engine – Identify
5. N2 TRIM sw – Compensate N2/NRO drop and try to match torque
If torque match is not possible:
6. Twist grip (affected engine) – Release stop plate and rotate
towards FLIGHT until N2 and
NRO stabilize in normal range
and FLI needles match
7. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
If no residual torque (affected engine) is available:
8. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform
Double engine emergency shutdown
Procedure ON GROUND 1. 2. 3. IN FLIGHT 1. If there is an indication that the engines are still running: 2.
Double engine emergency shutdown
Procedure ON GROUND 1. Both Twist grips – OFF 2. Both FUEL PRIME PUMP sw – OFF 3. BAT MSTR sw – OFF IN FLIGHT 1. Both Twist grips – OFF If there is an indication that the engines are still running: 2. Both EMER OFF sw – Press
Engine overspeed – governor failure
Conditions/Indications – ROTOR RPM warning light may come on – VAR NR caution indication may come on – ENG SPLIT caution indications may come on – NRO and both N2 increase Affected engine: – Torque, N1 and TOT increase Normal engine: – Torque and TOT may decrease
Procedure 1. 2. 3. If step 3. is not possible: 4. 5. 6. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Engine overspeed – governor failure
Conditions/Indications – ROTOR RPM warning light may come on – VAR NR caution indication may come on – ENG SPLIT caution indications may come on – NRO and both N2 increase Affected engine: – Torque, N1 and TOT increase Normal engine: – Torque and TOT may decrease
Procedure
1. Collective lever – Raise as necessary to maintain
N2 and NRO within limits
2. VAR NR system NORM/MAN sw – Check MAN
3. N2 TRIM sw – Try to trim NRO to 101% with matched torque
If step 3. is not possible:
4. Affected engine – Identify
5. Twist grip (affected engine) – Rotate towards IDLE until N2
and NRO stabilize in normal
range and FLI needles match
6. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
TAIL ROTOR FAILURE CONDITIONS
3.6.2 Tail Rotor Drive Failure/Fixed-pitch Tail Rotor Control Failure - Forward Flight
Conditions/Indications
– No directional response after pedal inputs and/or
– Complete loss of tail rotor thrust and/or
– Locked pedals
NOTE The procedure will vary depending on flight conditions, power setting and mass of the helicopter.
Procedure
1.
2.
3. Suitable landing area – Select
NOTE D Landing surface should be hard (e.g. concrete, asphalt) and flat.
D Left crosswind is advantageous
4.
If the airspeed can be reduced below 40 kts with the nose still pointing to the left:
5.
6.
If the nose direction changes from left to right at airspeeds higher than 40 kts:
5.
6.
NOTE Headwind is advantageous
7.
NOTE D In final phase of flare the helicopter can yaw to the left due to friction effects.
D Before touchdown, the groundspeed should be reduced to a minimum
TAIL ROTOR FAILURE CONDITIONS
3.6.2 Tail Rotor Drive Failure/Fixed-pitch Tail Rotor Control Failure - Forward Flight
Conditions/Indications
– No directional response after pedal inputs and/or
– Complete loss of tail rotor thrust and/or
– Locked pedals
NOTE The procedure will vary depending on flight conditions, power setting and mass of the helicopter.
Procedure
- Collective lever – Reduce to obtain minimum sideslip angle
- Airspeed – Maintain 70 KIAS or higher
- Suitable landing area – Select
NOTE D Landing surface should be hard (e.g. concrete, asphalt) and flat.
D Left crosswind is advantageous
- Shallow approach with nose left – Perform
If the airspeed can be reduced below 40 kts with the nose still pointing to the left: - Airspeed – Reduce close to the ground until nose is aligned with the flight direction
- Landing – Perform
If the nose direction changes from left to right at airspeeds higher than 40 kts: - Airspeed – Increase
- Approach – Abort, climb to sufficient
height for autorotation
NOTE Headwind is advantageous - Autorotation – Perform
NOTE D In final phase of flare the helicopter can yaw to the left due to friction effects.
D Before touchdown, the groundspeed should be reduced to a minimum
